Spring MockMvc

使用MockMvc有两种方式

• 指定孤立的某个controller进行测试：单元测试，不需要构造ApplicationContext
• 集成整个WebApplicationContext进行测试：集成测试，会构造整个WebAppApplicationContext

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(xxx)
class MyWebTests {

    MockMvc mockMvc;

    @BeforeEach
    void setup() {
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(new AccountController()).build();
    }
}


@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(xxx)
@WebAppConfiguration
class MyWebTests {

    MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Autowired
	public WebApplicationContext wac;

    @BeforeEach
    void setup(WebApplicationContext wac) {
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();
    }
}

假如使用孤立的某个controller

1. 在单元测试的启动过程中，可以看到如下日志，StandaloneMockMvcBuilder仅为这个controller创建RequestMapping和具体方法的映射。

2.可以为该孤立的controller创建一些特性，比如声明header中的accept属性，或返回的response中，状态码为200，contentType为application/json;charset=UTF-8

MockMvc mockMvc = standaloneSetup(new MusicController())
    .defaultRequest(get("/").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
    .alwaysExpect(status().isOk())
    .alwaysExpect(content().contentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8"))
    .build();

常用的静态类

• MockMvcBuilders.*

• MockMvcRequestBuilders.*

• MockMvcResultMatchers.*

• MockMvcResultHandlers.*

Post请求

json形式post

mockMvc.perform(post("/user")  // 路径
    .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)   //用contentType表示具体请求中的媒体类型信息，MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON json数据格式
    .content(example)  // 入参中的对象
    .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)) //accept指定客户端能够接收的内容类型 
    .andExpect(content().contentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8")) //验证响应contentType == application/json;charset=UTF-8
    .andExpect(jsonPath("$.id").value(1)) //验证id是否为1，jsonPath的使用
    .andExpect(jsonPath("$.name).value("onion");  // 验证name是否等于onion

文件形式post

mockMvc.perform(multipart("/doc").file("a1", "ABC".getBytes("UTF-8")));

Get请求

mockMvc.perform(get("/hotels?thing={thing}", "somewhere")); // 改写url后缀形式传参
或
mockMvc.perform(get("/hotels").param("thing", "somewhere")); // httpServletRequest中的param传参

打印请求的出入参

MockMvcResultHandler的print()方法能够打印出出入参

MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/vendor/batchModifyMerge").content(data)
				.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).accept(MediaType.ALL)).
				andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print()).andReturn();

// 打印结果如下
MockHttpServletRequest:
         HTTP Method = POST
         Request URI = /vendor/batchModifyMerge
          Parameters = {}
             Headers = {Content-Type=[application/json], Accept=[*/*]}

             Handler:
                Type = com.vip.ps.controller.VisApplyHeadController
              Method = public MyController.batchModifyMerge(java.util.List<Object>,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)

               Async:
   Was async started = false
        Async result = null

  Resolved Exception:
                Type = null

        ModelAndView:
           View name = null
                View = null
               Model = null

            FlashMap:

MockHttpServletResponse:
              Status = 200
       Error message = null
             Headers = {Content-Type=[application/json;charset=UTF-8]}
        Content type = application/json;charset=UTF-8
                Body = {"status":"error","data":{},"message":"会话失效"}
       Forwarded URL = null
      Redirected URL = null
             Cookies = []

往请求前面增加filter

mockMvc = standaloneSetup(new PersonController()).addFilters(new CharacterEncodingFilter()).build();