看了knn算法,写些大概思路:
对于数据集,其中一部分是测试数据(m个),一部分是训练数据(n个)。测试数据相对少,对于测试数据中的每条记录,计算其与训练数据中每条记录的距离,然后排序。
对于m中的每条记录,会得到n个距离值,对这n个距离排序,取前k个值作为最相似的数据。然后对这K个数据查看其分类,分类最多的类别即为m中的该条记录的分类。
书中有三个例子:
1.电影动作片,爱情片分类
2.约会对象分类
3.手写识别系统
下面做具体描述:
所有代码部分都在kNN.py中,操作在kNN.py文件路径上开启终端进行。
先贴第二章完整代码kNN.py:
__author__ = 'Administrator'
from numpy import *
import operator
import os
from os import listdir
def createDataSet():
group = array([[1.0,1.1],[1.0,1.0],[0,0],[0,0.1]])
labels = ['A','A','B','B']
return group ,labels
def classify0(inX,dataSet,labels,k):
dataSetSize = dataSet.shape[0]
diffMat = tile(inX, (dataSetSize,1))- dataSet
sqDiffMat = diffMat ** 2
sqDistances = sqDiffMat.sum(axis = 1)
distances = sqDistances **0.5
sortedDistIndicies = distances.argsort()
classCount = {}
for i in range(k):
voteIlabel = labels[sortedDistIndicies[i]]
classCount[voteIlabel] = classCount.get(voteIlabel,0)+1
sortedClassCount = sorted(classCount.iteritems(), key = operator.itemgetter(1),reverse = True)
return sortedClassCount[0][0]
def file2matrix(filename):
fr = open(filename)
arrayOLines = fr.readlines()
numberOfLines = len(arrayOLines)
returnMat = zeros((numberOfLines, 3))
classLabelVector = []
index =0
for line in arrayOLines:
line = line.strip()
listFormLine = line.split('\t')
returnMat[index,:] = listFormLine[0:3]
classLabelVector.append(int(listFormLine[-1]))
index += 1
return returnMat, classLabelVector
def datingClassTest():
hoRatio = 0.10
datingDataMat, datingLabels = file2matrix('datingTestSet2.txt')
normMat, ranges, minVals = autoNorm(datingDataMat)
m = normMat.shape[0]
numTestVecs = int(m*hoRatio)
errorCount = 0.0
for i in range(numTestVecs):
classifierResult = classify0(normMat[i,:], normMat[numTestVecs:m,:],datingLabels[numTestVecs:m],3)
print 'the classifier came back with: %d, the real answer is: %d' %(classifierResult, datingLabels[i])
if(classifierResult != datingLabels[i]): errorCount += 1.0
print "the total error rate is: %f " % (errorCount/float(numTestVecs))
def img2vector(filename):
returnVect = zeros((1,1024))
fr = open(filename)
for i in range(32):
lineStr = fr.readline()
for j in range(32):
returnVect[0, 32*i+j] = int(lineStr[j])
return returnVect
def handwritingClassTest():
hwLabels = []
trainingFileList = listdir('trainingDigits')
m = len(trainingFileList)
trainingMat = zeros((m, 1024))
for i in range(m):
fileNameStr = trainingFileList[i]
fileStr = fileNameStr.split('.')[0]
classStr = int(fileStr.split('_')[0])
hwLabels.append(classStr)
trainingMat[i,:] = img2vector('trainingDigits/%s' % fileNameStr)
testFileList = listdir('testDigits')
errorCount = 0.0
mTest = len(testFileList)
for i in range(mTest):
fileNameStr = testFileList[i]
fileStr = fileNameStr.split('.')[0]
classStr = int(fileStr.split('_')[0])
vectorUnderTest = img2vector('testDigits/%s' % fileNameStr)
classifierResult = classify0(vectorUnderTest, trainingMat, hwLabels, 3)
print 'the classifier came back with: %d, the real answer is: %d' % (classifierResult, classStr)
if(classifierResult != classStr): errorCount += 1.0
print "\nthe total numbers of errors is : %d" % errorCount
print "\nthe total error rate is: %f" % (errorCount/float(mTest))
1.电影分类:
2.约会分类:在终端:import kNN
group,lables=kNN.createDataSet()
最后,kNN.classify0([0,0],group,labels,3)
3.手写识别系统reload(kNN)
datingDataMat,datingLabels=kNN.file2matrix('datingTestSet.txt')
接下来画图:
import matploitlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.scatter(datingDataMat[:,1],datingDataMat[:,2])
plt.show()
当然,如果你需要将图片中的点区分的话,可以使用不同颜色:此时只需将上文中的ax.scatter一句改了就可以了:
ax.scatter(datingDataMat[:,1],datingDataMat[:,2],15.0*array(datingLabels),15.0*array(datingLabels))当然,此时,你需要将上述所有赋值过程重新执行一次。
此处还讲了归一化特征,不作具体描述。
根据测试代码测试分类效果:
kNN.datingClassTest()
img2vector是对每个32*32的二进制图像改为一维的1*1024列表,通过测试算法计算准确率,命令为:
kNN.handwritingClassTest()