MLiA knn

看了knn算法，写些大概思路：

对于数据集，其中一部分是测试数据（m个），一部分是训练数据（n个）。测试数据相对少，对于测试数据中的每条记录，计算其与训练数据中每条记录的距离，然后排序。

对于m中的每条记录，会得到n个距离值，对这n个距离排序，取前k个值作为最相似的数据。然后对这K个数据查看其分类，分类最多的类别即为m中的该条记录的分类。

书中有三个例子：

1.电影动作片，爱情片分类

2.约会对象分类

3.手写识别系统

下面做具体描述：

所有代码部分都在kNN.py中，操作在kNN.py文件路径上开启终端进行。

先贴第二章完整代码kNN.py：

__author__ = 'Administrator'
from numpy import *
import operator
import os
from os import listdir

def createDataSet():
    group = array([[1.0,1.1],[1.0,1.0],[0,0],[0,0.1]])
    labels = ['A','A','B','B']
    return group ,labels

def classify0(inX,dataSet,labels,k):
    dataSetSize = dataSet.shape[0]
    diffMat = tile(inX, (dataSetSize,1))- dataSet
    sqDiffMat = diffMat ** 2
    sqDistances = sqDiffMat.sum(axis = 1)
    distances = sqDistances **0.5
    sortedDistIndicies = distances.argsort()
    classCount = {}
    for i in range(k):
        voteIlabel = labels[sortedDistIndicies[i]]
        classCount[voteIlabel] = classCount.get(voteIlabel,0)+1
    sortedClassCount = sorted(classCount.iteritems(), key = operator.itemgetter(1),reverse = True)
    return sortedClassCount[0][0]

def file2matrix(filename):
    fr = open(filename)
    arrayOLines = fr.readlines()
    numberOfLines = len(arrayOLines)
    returnMat = zeros((numberOfLines, 3))
    classLabelVector = []
    index =0
    for line in arrayOLines:
        line = line.strip()
        listFormLine = line.split('\t')
        returnMat[index,:] = listFormLine[0:3]
        classLabelVector.append(int(listFormLine[-1]))
        index += 1
    return returnMat, classLabelVector

def datingClassTest():
    hoRatio = 0.10
    datingDataMat, datingLabels = file2matrix('datingTestSet2.txt')
    normMat, ranges, minVals = autoNorm(datingDataMat)
    m = normMat.shape[0]
    numTestVecs = int(m*hoRatio)
    errorCount = 0.0
    for i in range(numTestVecs):
        classifierResult = classify0(normMat[i,:], normMat[numTestVecs:m,:],datingLabels[numTestVecs:m],3)
        print 'the classifier came back with: %d, the real answer is: %d' %(classifierResult, datingLabels[i])
        if(classifierResult != datingLabels[i]): errorCount += 1.0
    print "the total error rate is: %f " % (errorCount/float(numTestVecs))

def img2vector(filename):
    returnVect = zeros((1,1024))
    fr = open(filename)
    for i in range(32):
        lineStr = fr.readline()
        for j in range(32):
            returnVect[0, 32*i+j] = int(lineStr[j])
    return returnVect

def handwritingClassTest():
    hwLabels = []
    trainingFileList = listdir('trainingDigits')
    m = len(trainingFileList)
    trainingMat = zeros((m, 1024))
    for i in range(m):
        fileNameStr = trainingFileList[i]
        fileStr = fileNameStr.split('.')[0]
        classStr = int(fileStr.split('_')[0])
        hwLabels.append(classStr)
        trainingMat[i,:] = img2vector('trainingDigits/%s' % fileNameStr)
    testFileList = listdir('testDigits')
    errorCount = 0.0
    mTest = len(testFileList)
    for i in range(mTest):
        fileNameStr = testFileList[i]
        fileStr = fileNameStr.split('.')[0]
        classStr = int(fileStr.split('_')[0])
        vectorUnderTest = img2vector('testDigits/%s' % fileNameStr)
        classifierResult = classify0(vectorUnderTest, trainingMat, hwLabels, 3)
        print 'the classifier came back with: %d, the real answer is: %d' % (classifierResult, classStr)
        if(classifierResult != classStr): errorCount += 1.0
    print "\nthe total numbers of errors is : %d" % errorCount
    print "\nthe total error rate is: %f" % (errorCount/float(mTest))

1.电影分类：

在终端：import kNN

group，lables=kNN.createDataSet()

最后，kNN.classify0([0,0],group,labels,3)

2.约会分类：

reload(kNN)

datingDataMat,datingLabels=kNN.file2matrix('datingTestSet.txt')

接下来画图：

import matploitlib

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig = plt.figure()

ax = fig.add_subplot(111)

ax.scatter(datingDataMat[:,1],datingDataMat[:,2])

plt.show()

当然，如果你需要将图片中的点区分的话，可以使用不同颜色：此时只需将上文中的ax.scatter一句改了就可以了：

ax.scatter(datingDataMat[:,1],datingDataMat[:,2],15.0*array(datingLabels),15.0*array(datingLabels))当然，此时，你需要将上述所有赋值过程重新执行一次。

此处还讲了归一化特征，不作具体描述。

根据测试代码测试分类效果：

kNN.datingClassTest()

3.手写识别系统

img2vector是对每个32*32的二进制图像改为一维的1*1024列表，通过测试算法计算准确率，命令为：

kNN.handwritingClassTest()