个人认为:
1. such as 意为“比如”。用于列举具体事物,结尾勿加 and so on 或 etc. 而画蛇添足。
例句:I have so many kinds of toys, such as car models, dolls and pea shooters.
2. for example 意为“例如”。用于解释说明(抽象概念、定义等),居于句中任意位置皆可。
例句:I am used to do some stimulant things to arouse myself when I feel dispirited. For example, I will do exercise and run in that case.
3. e.g. 是拉丁文 exempli gratia (例如) 的缩写, 同 for example。不用于句末。
例句:For girls, you might buy some jewelry, e.g. a pair of clip-on earrings, a bracelet, or hair accessories.
4. and so on 意为“等等(事物)”,相同的还有 and so forth, 用于句末。
例句:For this trip, we need to take a sleeping bag, some water, foods and so on.
5. etc. 是拉丁文 et cetera (以及其他事物) 的缩写,常用于句末。
例句:It's bad for your health because it is full of salt and fat, etc.
6. et al. 是拉丁文 et alia (以及其他人)的缩写,常用于句末。
例句:This method is described in an article by Feynman et al.
7. i.e. 是拉丁文 id est (即,也就是)的缩写,用于句中。
例句:The hotel is closed during low seasons, i.e. from October to March.
以上,仅供参考