matplotlib 绘图基础

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-22 12:00:08 发布

qq_27295149

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-22 12:00:08 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_27295149/article/details/103544919

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数据来源

https://blog.csdn.net/Allez_xw/article/details/102858551
绘图使用的包

使用的包

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

折线图（figure）

#画图框架
plt.figure(figsize = (20, 6), dpi = 80)
# 数据准备
x = range(10)
y = np.random.random(size=10)
# 折线图
plt.plot(x,y)

在这里插入图片描述

绘制多图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def set_axes(axes):
    plt.sca(axes) #哪个图需要处理
    _xaxes = ["{}岁".format(i) for i in x] 
    plt.xticks(x, _xaxes)#x轴刻度
    plt.xlabel("年龄") #x轴标题
    plt.ylabel("朋友个数") #y轴标题
    plt.title("朋友个数随年龄变化") #总标题 
#画图框架
fig, axes = plt.subplots(nrows = 1, ncols = 2, figsize = (20, 8), dpi = 80)
#数据
x = range(11,31)
y1 = [1, 0, 1, 1, 2, 4, 3, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 5, 4, 3, 3, 1, 1, 1]
y2 = [1, 0, 3, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
#折线图
axes[0].plot(x, y1, color = "r", linestyle = "--", linewidth = 1, alpha = 1)
set_axes(axes[0])
axes[1].plot(x, y2 )
set_axes(axes[1])
plt.show()

在这里插入图片描述

散点图（scatter）

#画图框架
plt.figure(figsize = (20, 8), dpi = 100)
#数据
x1 = range(1, 32)
x2 = range(50, 81)
y1 = [11,17,16,6,12,15,14,17,14,17,18,21,12,15,14,17,18,21,16,17,20,17,15,16,18,19,21,26,23,24,22]
y2 = [26,26,28,19,21,17,16,19,18,20,20,19,22,23,17,20,21,20,22,15,11,15,5,13,17,10,11,13,12,13,6]

# 绘制图1
plt.xlabel('时间') #x轴标题
plt.ylabel('温度') #y轴标题
plt.title('温度随时间变化') #总标题 
plt.scatter(x1, y1)

在这里插入图片描述

# 绘制图1 图2
plt.scatter(x1, y1)
plt.scatter(x2, y2)

在这里插入图片描述

条形图（bar和barh）

# 画图框架
plt.figure(figsize = (8, 4), dpi = 80)
# 数据准备
_x = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：最后的骑士","摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盗5：死无对证","金刚：骷髅岛","极限特工：终极回归","生化危机6：终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊"]
y = [56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23]
x = range(len(_x)) 
# 绘制图像
plt.bar(x, y, width = 0.5)
plt.xticks(x, _x, rotation = 100) #x轴刻度（仅是把数据列表放进去，如果需要调整步长就调整步长）
plt.xlabel("电影") #x轴标题
plt.ylabel("票房(亿)") #y轴标题
plt.title("电影票房数据对比图") #总标题 
plt.show()

在这里插入图片描述

横向条形图

# 画图框架
plt.figure(figsize = (8, 4), dpi = 80)
# 数据准备
x = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：最后的骑士","摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盗5：死无对证","金刚：骷髅岛","极限特工：终极回归","生化危机6：终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊"]
y = [56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23]
# 绘制图像
plt.barh(x, y, height = 0.5)
plt.xlabel("票房(亿)") #x轴标题
plt.ylabel("电影") #y轴标题
plt.title("电影票房数据对比图") #总标题 
plt.show()

直方图（figure）

#画图框架，一个图形，图形里可显示中文
plt.figure(figsize = (20, 8), dpi = 100)
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']=['SimHei'] #字体
# 数据准备
a=[131,  98, 125, 131, 124, 139, 131, 117, 128, 108, 135, 138, 131, 102, 107, 114, 119, 128, 121, 142, 127, 130, 124, 101, 110, 116, 117, 110, 128, 128, 115,  99, 136, 126, 134,  95, 138, 117, 111,78, 132, 124, 113, 150, 110, 117,  86,  95, 144, 105, 126, 130,126, 130, 126, 116, 123, 106, 112, 138, 123,  86, 101,  99, 136,123, 117, 119, 105, 137, 123, 128, 125, 104, 109, 134, 125, 127,105, 120, 107, 129, 116, 108, 132, 103, 136, 118, 102, 120, 114,105, 115, 132, 145, 119, 121, 112, 139, 125, 138, 109, 132, 134,156, 106, 117, 127, 144, 139, 139, 119, 140,  83, 110, 102,123,107, 143, 115, 136, 118, 139, 123, 112, 118, 125, 109, 119, 133,112, 114, 122, 109, 106, 123, 116, 131, 127, 115, 118, 112, 135,115, 146, 137, 116, 103, 144,  83, 123, 111, 110, 111, 100, 154,136, 100, 118, 119, 133, 134, 106, 129, 126, 110, 111, 109, 141,120, 117, 106, 149, 122, 122, 110, 118, 127, 121, 114, 125, 126,114, 140, 103, 130, 141, 117, 106, 114, 121, 114, 133, 137,  92,121, 112, 146,  97, 137, 105,  98, 117, 112,  81,  97, 139, 113,134, 106, 144, 110, 137, 137, 111, 104, 117, 100, 111, 101, 110,105, 129, 137, 112, 120, 113, 133, 112,  83,  94, 146, 133, 101,131, 116, 111,  84, 137, 115, 122, 106, 144, 109, 123, 116, 111,111, 133, 150]
width = 5 #组距
num = int((max(a)-min(a)) / width)  #组数= 极差/组距，极差注意加括号
x = [min(a) + i * width for i in range(num+2)] #78+0*5=78 78+1*5=83 78+10=88 93 .....分组区间，假设组数15.5 到了则例取15 我们起码要用到16 所以必须17，所以要加2
#直方图
plt.hist(a, x)
plt.xticks(x)
plt.grid(linestyle = ":", alpha = 0.7) #网格
plt.xlabel("电影时长") #x轴标题
plt.ylabel("电影数") #y轴标题
plt.title("电影数量及时长统计") #总标题 
plt.show()

在这里插入图片描述

饼图（pie）

#画图框架
plt.figure(figsize = (20, 8), dpi = 100)
#数据准备
movie_name = ['雷神3：诸神黄昏','正义联盟','东方快车谋杀案','寻梦环游记','全球风暴',
'降魔传','追捕','七十七天','密战','狂兽','其它']
place_count = [60605,54546,45819,28243,13270,9945,7679,6799,6101,4621,20105]
colors = ['b','r','g','y','c','m','y','k','c','g','g']
# 绘制饼图
plt.pie(place_count, labels = movie_name, autopct = "%3.2f%%", colors = colors)
plt.axis("equal") #一定画出圆形
plt.legend() #显示具体描述性信息，默认右上角
plt.show()