STM32启动文件分析

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-19 17:25:07 发布

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分类专栏： STM32

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_27312943/article/details/54408922

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想要读懂启动文件，需要一些基本的汇编基础。

1 在汇编语言中，注释是 ;

2 汇编ARM指令DCD

DCD （ DCDU ） 用于分配一片连续的字存储单元并用指定的数据初始化。

语法格式：
标号 DCD （或 DCDU ）表达式

DCD （或 DCDU ）伪指令用于分配一片连续的字存储单元并用伪指令中指定的表达式初始化。其中，表达式可以

为程序标号或数字表达式。 DCD 也可用 “ & ” 代替。

用 DCD 分配的字存储单元是字对齐的，而用 DCDU 分配的字存储单元并不严格字对齐。

使用示例：
DataTest DCD 4 ， 5 ， 6 ；分配一片连续的字存储单元并初始化。

3 [weak] 的意思是该函数优先级比较弱，如果其它地方定义了一个同名函数，那么此处的这个函数就被取代了。

语法格式为 EXPORT 标号 {[WEAK]} 。EXPORT 可用GLOBAL代替。

4AREA指令的理解

AREA指令是一个伪指令，用于段定义。ARM汇编程序由段组成，段是相对独立的指令或数据单位，每个段由AREA

伪指令定义，并定义段的属性。

AREA参数说明：

*STACK——AREA指令的一个参数，定义段名称

*NOINIT——AREA指令的一个参数，指定本数据段仅仅保留了内在单元，而将句初始值写入内存单元，此时内存单元值初始化为0

*READWRITE——指定本段为可读可写，数据段默认为READWRITE.

READWRITE(读写)、READONLY(只读)

*ALIGN——也是一个伪指令，指定对齐方式。ALIGN n 指令的对齐值有两种选择：n或者2^n

例子：开辟一个堆栈段，段名为STACK，定义为可读可写，将内存单元初始化为0，对齐方式为8字节对齐。

AREA STACK,NOINIT,READWRITE,ALIGN=3

;******************** (C) COPYRIGHT 2011 STMicroelectronics ********************
;* File Name          : startup_stm32f10x_hd.s
;* Author             : MCD Application Team
;* Version            : V3.5.0
;* Date               : 11-March-2011
;* Description        : STM32F10x High Density Devices vector table for MDK-ARM 
;*                      toolchain. 
;*                      This module performs:
;*                      - Set the initial SP
;*                      - Set the initial PC == Reset_Handler
;*                      - Set the vector table entries with the exceptions ISR address
;*                      - Configure the clock system and also configure the external 
;*                        SRAM mounted on STM3210E-EVAL board to be used as data 
;*                        memory (optional, to be enabled by user)
;*                      - Branches to __main in the C library (which eventually
;*                        calls main()).
;*                      After Reset the CortexM3 processor is in Thread mode,
;*                      priority is Privileged, and the Stack is set to Main.
;* <<< Use Configuration Wizard in Context Menu >>>   
;*******************************************************************************
; THE PRESENT FIRMWARE WHICH IS FOR GUIDANCE ONLY AIMS AT PROVIDING CUSTOMERS
; WITH CODING INFORMATION REGARDING THEIR PRODUCTS IN ORDER FOR THEM TO SAVE TIME.
; AS A RESULT, STMICROELECTRONICS SHALL NOT BE HELD LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
; INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WITH RESPECT TO ANY CLAIMS ARISING FROM THE
; CONTENT OF SUCH FIRMWARE AND/OR THE USE MADE BY CUSTOMERS OF THE CODING
; INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IN CONNECTION WITH THEIR PRODUCTS.
;*******************************************************************************

; Amount of memory (in bytes) allocated for Stack
; Tailor this value to your application needs
; <h> Stack Configuration
;   <o> Stack Size (in Bytes) <0x0-0xFFFFFFFF:8>
; </h>

Stack_Size      EQU     0x00001000  ;定义栈大小为4096  0x1000=4096

                AREA    STACK, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3
Stack_Mem       SPACE   Stack_Size
__initial_sp
                                                  
; <h> Heap Configuration
;   <o>  Heap Size (in Bytes) <0x0-0xFFFFFFFF:8>
; </h>

Heap_Size       EQU     0x00001000  ;定义堆的空间为1024

                AREA    HEAP, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3
__heap_base
Heap_Mem        SPACE   Heap_Size
__heap_limit

                PRESERVE8
                THUMB


; Vector Table Mapped to Address 0 at Reset
                AREA    RESET, DATA, READONLY
                EXPORT  __Vectors
                EXPORT  __Vectors_End
                EXPORT  __Vectors_Size

__Vectors       DCD     __initial_sp               ; Top of Stack
                DCD     Reset_Handler              ; Reset Handler
                DCD     NMI_Handler                ; NMI Handler
                DCD     HardFault_Handler          ;硬件错误中断        ;Hard Fault Handler
                DCD     MemManage_Handler          ;内存错误管理中断     ; MPU Fault Handler
                DCD     BusFault_Handler           ;总线错误中断，一般发生在数据访问异常，比如FSMA访问不      ; Bus Fault Handler
                DCD     UsageFault_Handler         ;用法错误中断，一般是预取值，或者是位置指令，数据处理等错误; Usage Fault Handler
                DCD     0                          ; Reserved
                DCD     0                          ; Reserved
                DCD     0                          ; Reserved
                DCD     0                          ; Reserved
                DCD     SVC_Handler                ;系统调用异常，主要是为了调用操作系统内核服务; SVCall Handler
                DCD     DebugMon_Handler           ;调试监控异常; Debug Monitor Handler
                DCD     0                          ; Reserved
                DCD     PendSV_Handler             ;挂起异常; PendSV Handler
                DCD     SysTick_Handler            ;滴答定时器，为操作系统内核时钟; SysTick Handler

                ; External Interrupts  ;外部向量中断表
                DCD     WWDG_IRQHandler            ; Window Watchdog
                DCD     PVD_IRQHandler             ; PVD through EXTI Line detect
                DCD     TAMPER_IRQHandler          ; Tamper
                DCD     RTC_IRQHandler             ; RTC
                DCD     FLASH_IRQHandler           ; Flash
                DCD     RCC_IRQHandler             ; RCC
                DCD     EXTI0_IRQHandler           ; EXTI Line 0
                DCD     EXTI1_IRQHandler           ; EXTI Line 1
                DCD     EXTI2_IRQHandler           ; EXTI Line 2
                DCD     EXTI3_IRQHandler           ; EXTI Line 3
                DCD     EXTI4_IRQHandler           ; EXTI Line 4
                DCD     DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler   ; DMA1 Channel 1
                DCD     DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler   ; DMA1 Channel 2
                DCD     DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler   ; DMA1 Channel 3
                DCD     DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler   ; DMA1 Channel 4
                DCD     DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler   ; DMA1 Channel 5
                DCD     DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler   ; DMA1 Channel 6
                DCD     DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler   ; DMA1 Channel 7
                DCD     ADC1_2_IRQHandler          ; ADC1 & ADC2
                DCD     USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQHandler  ; USB High Priority or CAN1 TX
                DCD     USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler ; USB Low  Priority or CAN1 RX0
                DCD     CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler        ; CAN1 RX1
                DCD     CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler        ; CAN1 SCE
                DCD     EXTI9_5_IRQHandler         ; EXTI Line 9..5
                DCD     TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler        ; TIM1 Break
                DCD     TIM1_UP_IRQHandler         ; TIM1 Update
                DCD     TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler    ; TIM1 Trigger and Commutation
                DCD     TIM1_CC_IRQHandler         ; TIM1 Capture Compare
                DCD     TIM2_IRQHandler            ; TIM2
                DCD     TIM3_IRQHandler            ; TIM3
                DCD     TIM4_IRQHandler            ; TIM4
                DCD     I2C1_EV_IRQHandler         ; I2C1 Event
                DCD     I2C1_ER_IRQHandler         ; I2C1 Error
                DCD     I2C2_EV_IRQHandler         ; I2C2 Event
                DCD     I2C2_ER_IRQHandler         ; I2C2 Error
                DCD     SPI1_IRQHandler            ; SPI1
                DCD     SPI2_IRQHandler            ; SPI2
                DCD     USART1_IRQHandler          ; USART1
                DCD     USART2_IRQHandler          ; USART2
                DCD     USART3_IRQHandler          ; USART3
                DCD     EXTI15_10_IRQHandler       ; EXTI Line 15..10
                DCD     RTCAlarm_IRQHandler        ; RTC Alarm through EXTI Line
                DCD     USBWakeUp_IRQHandler       ; USB Wakeup from suspend
                DCD     TIM8_BRK_IRQHandler        ; TIM8 Break
                DCD     TIM8_UP_IRQHandler         ; TIM8 Update
                DCD     TIM8_TRG_COM_IRQHandler    ; TIM8 Trigger and Commutation
                DCD     TIM8_CC_IRQHandler         ; TIM8 Capture Compare
                DCD     ADC3_IRQHandler            ; ADC3
                DCD     FSMC_IRQHandler            ; FSMC
                DCD     SDIO_IRQHandler            ; SDIO
                DCD     TIM5_IRQHandler            ; TIM5
                DCD     SPI3_IRQHandler            ; SPI3
                DCD     UART4_IRQHandler           ; UART4  ;有一些启动文件里没有UART4的中断向量表，导致UART4中断不能被执行
                DCD     UART5_IRQHandler           ; UART5
                DCD     TIM6_IRQHandler            ; TIM6
                DCD     TIM7_IRQHandler            ; TIM7
                DCD     DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler   ; DMA2 Channel1
                DCD     DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler   ; DMA2 Channel2
                DCD     DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler   ; DMA2 Channel3
                DCD     DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Channel4 & Channel5
__Vectors_End  ;中断向量表结束

__Vectors_Size  EQU  __Vectors_End - __Vectors  ;计算中断向量表地址空间大小，进而得到向量表的大小

                AREA    |.text|, CODE, READONLY
                
; Reset handler
Reset_Handler   PROC  ;定义子程序PROC_Handler,这部分程序是单片机复位后最先执行的程序
                EXPORT  Reset_Handler             [WEAK] ; 表示其他程序也可以调用这个函数，相当于C语言中的函数声明
                                                         ; [weak] 的意思是该函数优先级比较弱，如果其它地方定义了一个同名函数，
                                                         ; 那么此处的这个函数就被取代了。
                                                         ; 语法格式为 EXPORT 标号 {[WEAK]} 。EXPORT 可用GLOBAL代替。
                IMPORT  __main  ;  负责初始化栈、堆，配置系统环境，
                                ;准备好 C 语言并在最后跳转到用户自定义的 main 函数
                IMPORT  SystemInit  ;SystemInit是一个函数，这个函数需要我们自己来编写，主要是用来初始化STM32的时钟
                LDR     R0, =SystemInit ;把SystemInit的地址加载到寄存器R0
                BLX     R0               ;程序跳转到R0中的地址去执行，即执行SystemInit函数
                LDR     R0, =__main  ;把_main的地址加载到R0中
                BX      R0  ;执行_main，执行完毕之后就去执行C语言环境中的main函数
                ENDP
                
; Dummy Exception Handlers (infinite loops which can be modified)
; WEAK声明其他的同名标号优先于该标号被引用,就是说如果外面声明了的话，;会调用外面的
NMI_Handler     PROC
                EXPORT  NMI_Handler                [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
HardFault_Handler\
                PROC
                EXPORT  HardFault_Handler          [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
MemManage_Handler\
                PROC
                EXPORT  MemManage_Handler          [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
BusFault_Handler\
                PROC
                EXPORT  BusFault_Handler           [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
UsageFault_Handler\
                PROC
                EXPORT  UsageFault_Handler         [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
SVC_Handler     PROC
                EXPORT  SVC_Handler                [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
DebugMon_Handler\
                PROC
                EXPORT  DebugMon_Handler           [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
PendSV_Handler  PROC
                EXPORT  PendSV_Handler             [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
SysTick_Handler PROC
                EXPORT  SysTick_Handler            [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP

Default_Handler PROC

                EXPORT  WWDG_IRQHandler            [WEAK]
                EXPORT  PVD_IRQHandler             [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TAMPER_IRQHandler          [WEAK]
                EXPORT  RTC_IRQHandler             [WEAK]
                EXPORT  FLASH_IRQHandler           [WEAK]
                EXPORT  RCC_IRQHandler             [WEAK]
                EXPORT  EXTI0_IRQHandler           [WEAK]
                EXPORT  EXTI1_IRQHandler           [WEAK]
                EXPORT  EXTI2_IRQHandler           [WEAK]
                EXPORT  EXTI3_IRQHandler           [WEAK]
                EXPORT  EXTI4_IRQHandler           [WEAK]
                EXPORT  DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler   [WEAK]
                EXPORT  DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler   [WEAK]
                EXPORT  DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler   [WEAK]
                EXPORT  DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler   [WEAK]
                EXPORT  DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler   [WEAK]
                EXPORT  DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler   [WEAK]
                EXPORT  DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler   [WEAK]
                EXPORT  ADC1_2_IRQHandler          [WEAK]
                EXPORT  USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQHandler  [WEAK]
                EXPORT  USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT  CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler        [WEAK]
                EXPORT  CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler        [WEAK]
                EXPORT  EXTI9_5_IRQHandler         [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler        [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TIM1_UP_IRQHandler         [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler    [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TIM1_CC_IRQHandler         [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TIM2_IRQHandler            [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TIM3_IRQHandler            [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TIM4_IRQHandler            [WEAK]
                EXPORT  I2C1_EV_IRQHandler         [WEAK]
                EXPORT  I2C1_ER_IRQHandler         [WEAK]
                EXPORT  I2C2_EV_IRQHandler         [WEAK]
                EXPORT  I2C2_ER_IRQHandler         [WEAK]
                EXPORT  SPI1_IRQHandler            [WEAK]
                EXPORT  SPI2_IRQHandler            [WEAK]
                EXPORT  USART1_IRQHandler          [WEAK]
                EXPORT  USART2_IRQHandler          [WEAK]
                EXPORT  USART3_IRQHandler          [WEAK]
                EXPORT  EXTI15_10_IRQHandler       [WEAK]
                EXPORT  RTCAlarm_IRQHandler        [WEAK]
                EXPORT  USBWakeUp_IRQHandler       [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TIM8_BRK_IRQHandler        [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TIM8_UP_IRQHandler         [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TIM8_TRG_COM_IRQHandler    [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TIM8_CC_IRQHandler         [WEAK]
                EXPORT  ADC3_IRQHandler            [WEAK]
                EXPORT  FSMC_IRQHandler            [WEAK]
                EXPORT  SDIO_IRQHandler            [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TIM5_IRQHandler            [WEAK]
                EXPORT  SPI3_IRQHandler            [WEAK]
                EXPORT  UART4_IRQHandler           [WEAK]
                EXPORT  UART5_IRQHandler           [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TIM6_IRQHandler            [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TIM7_IRQHandler            [WEAK]
                EXPORT  DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler   [WEAK]
                EXPORT  DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler   [WEAK]
                EXPORT  DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler   [WEAK]
                EXPORT  DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQHandler [WEAK]
;如下定义的只是一些空函数
WWDG_IRQHandler
PVD_IRQHandler
TAMPER_IRQHandler
RTC_IRQHandler
FLASH_IRQHandler
RCC_IRQHandler
EXTI0_IRQHandler
EXTI1_IRQHandler
EXTI2_IRQHandler
EXTI3_IRQHandler
EXTI4_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler
ADC1_2_IRQHandler
USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQHandler
USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler
CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler
CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler
EXTI9_5_IRQHandler
TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler
TIM1_UP_IRQHandler
TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler
TIM1_CC_IRQHandler
TIM2_IRQHandler
TIM3_IRQHandler
TIM4_IRQHandler
I2C1_EV_IRQHandler
I2C1_ER_IRQHandler
I2C2_EV_IRQHandler
I2C2_ER_IRQHandler
SPI1_IRQHandler
SPI2_IRQHandler
USART1_IRQHandler
USART2_IRQHandler
USART3_IRQHandler
EXTI15_10_IRQHandler
RTCAlarm_IRQHandler
USBWakeUp_IRQHandler
TIM8_BRK_IRQHandler
TIM8_UP_IRQHandler
TIM8_TRG_COM_IRQHandler
TIM8_CC_IRQHandler
ADC3_IRQHandler
FSMC_IRQHandler
SDIO_IRQHandler
TIM5_IRQHandler
SPI3_IRQHandler
UART4_IRQHandler
UART5_IRQHandler
TIM6_IRQHandler
TIM7_IRQHandler
DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler
DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler
DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler
DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQHandler
                B       .

                ENDP

                ALIGN ;默认是字对齐方式，也说明了代码是4字节对齐的

;*******************************************************************************
; User Stack and Heap initialization
;*******************************************************************************
                 IF      :DEF:__MICROLIB ;判断是否使用DEF:__MICROLIB
                                        ;microlib 是缺省 C 库的备选库
                
                 EXPORT  __initial_sp  ;如果使用使用的话则将栈顶地址，堆始末地址赋予全局属性，使外部程序可以使用
                 EXPORT  __heap_base
                 EXPORT  __heap_limit
                
                 else  ;如果使用默认的C库运行
                
                 IMPORT  __use_two_region_memory ;定义全局标号
                 EXPORT  __user_initial_stackheap ;声明全局标号
                 
__user_initial_stackheap ; 标号__user_initial_stackheap，表示用户堆栈初始化  
                         ; 此处是初始化两区的堆栈空间，堆是从由低到高的增长，栈是由高向低生长的，
                         ; 两个是互相独立的数据段，并不能交叉使用。

                 LDR     R0, =  Heap_Mem ;保存堆始地址
                 LDR     R1, =(Stack_Mem + Stack_Size) ;保存栈的大小
                 LDR     R2, = (Heap_Mem +  Heap_Size) ;保存堆的大小
                 LDR     R3, = Stack_Mem ;保存栈顶指针
                 BX      LR

                 ALIGN

                 ENDIF

                 END ;END 命令指示汇编器，已到达一个源文件的末尾。

;******************* (C) COPYRIGHT 2011 STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE*****

参考资料：

1 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4f09c0b501016eo9.html

2 http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5e0fa9860100u7tl.html

3 http://blog.163.com/somen111@126/blog/static/1155866842012038019219/