Roman numerals are represented by seven different symbols: I
, V
, X
, L
, C
, D
and M
.
Symbol Value
I 1
V 5
X 10
L 50
C 100
D 500
M 1000
For example, two is written as II
in Roman numeral, just two one's added together. Twelve is written as, XII
, which is simply X
+ II
. The number twenty seven is written as XXVII
, which is XX
+ V
+ II
.
Roman numerals are usually written largest to smallest from left to right. However, the numeral for four is not IIII
. Instead, the number four is written as IV
. Because the one is before the five we subtract it making four. The same principle applies to the number nine, which is written as IX
. There are six instances where subtraction is used:
I
can be placed beforeV
(5) andX
(10) to make 4 and 9.X
can be placed beforeL
(50) andC
(100) to make 40 and 90.C
can be placed beforeD
(500) andM
(1000) to make 400 and 900.
Given a roman numeral, convert it to an integer. Input is guaranteed to be within the range from 1 to 3999.
Example 1:
Input: "III"
Output: 3
Example 2:
Input: "IV"
Output: 4
Example 3:
Input: "IX"
Output: 9
Example 4:
Input: "LVIII"
Output: 58
Explanation: L = 50, V= 5, III = 3.
Example 5:
Input: "MCMXCIV"
Output: 1994
Explanation: M = 1000, CM = 900, XC = 90 and IV = 4.
将一个罗马数字转换成整数
计数的方法:
- 相同的数字连写,所表示的数等于这些数字相加得到的数,如III=3
- 小的数字在大的数字的右边,所表示的数字等于这些数字相加得到的数,如VIII=8,XIII=13
- 小的数字(限于 I、X 和 C)在大的数字的左边,所表示的数等于大数减小数得到的数,如 IV=4、IX=9
- 在一个数的上面画一条横线,表示这个数增值 1,000 倍。
根据计数法的前三条,对于输入的罗马数字字符串,从后向前扫描,遇到前面的数大于后面的最大数的时候,相加;遇到前面数小于后面最大数的时候,相减。
class Solution:
def romanToInt(self,s):
symbol={'I':1,'V':5,'X':10,'L':50,'C':100,'D':500,'M':1000}
sum = 0
maxd = 1
for i in range(len(s)-1,-1,-1):
if symbol[s[i]]>=maxd:
maxd=symbol[s[i]]
sum+=symbol[s[i]]
else:
sum-=symbol[s[i]]
return sum