LeetCode--- Baseball Game、Backspace String Compare、Remove Outermost Parentheses、1047

682. Baseball Game

You're now a baseball game point recorder.

Given a list of strings, each string can be one of the 4 following types:

1. Integer (one round's score): Directly represents the number of points you get in this round.
2. "+" (one round's score): Represents that the points you get in this round are the sum of the last two valid round's points.
3. "D" (one round's score): Represents that the points you get in this round are the doubled data of the last valid round's points.
4. "C" (an operation, which isn't a round's score): Represents the last valid round's points you get were invalid and should be removed.

Each round's operation is permanent and could have an impact on the round before and the round after.

You need to return the sum of the points you could get in all the rounds.

Example 1:

Input: ["5","2","C","D","+"]
Output: 30
Explanation: 
Round 1: You could get 5 points. The sum is: 5.
Round 2: You could get 2 points. The sum is: 7.
Operation 1: The round 2's data was invalid. The sum is: 5.  
Round 3: You could get 10 points (the round 2's data has been removed). The sum is: 15.
Round 4: You could get 5 + 10 = 15 points. The sum is: 30.

Example 2:

Input: ["5","-2","4","C","D","9","+","+"]
Output: 27
Explanation: 
Round 1: You could get 5 points. The sum is: 5.
Round 2: You could get -2 points. The sum is: 3.
Round 3: You could get 4 points. The sum is: 7.
Operation 1: The round 3's data is invalid. The sum is: 3.  
Round 4: You could get -4 points (the round 3's data has been removed). The sum is: -1.
Round 5: You could get 9 points. The sum is: 8.
Round 6: You could get -4 + 9 = 5 points. The sum is 13.
Round 7: You could get 9 + 5 = 14 points. The sum is 27.

Note:

• The size of the input list will be between 1 and 1000.
• Every integer represented in the list will be between -30000 and 30000.

你现在是棒球比赛记录员。
给定一个字符串列表，每个字符串可以是以下四种类型之一：
1.整数（一轮的得分）：直接表示您在本轮中获得的积分数。
2. "+"（一轮的得分）：表示本轮获得的得分是前两轮有效 回合得分的总和。
3. "D"（一轮的得分）：表示本轮获得的得分是前一轮有效 回合得分的两倍。
4. "C"（一个操作，这不是一个回合的分数）：表示您获得的最后一个有效 回合的分数是无效的，应该被移除。

每一轮的操作都是永久性的，可能会对前一轮和后一轮产生影响。
你需要返回你在所有回合中得分的总和。

class Solution(object):
    def calPoints(self, ops):
        """
        :type ops: List[str]
        :rtype: int
        """
        res=[]
        la=0
        for s in ops:
            if s=='C':
                last=res.pop(-1)
            elif s=='D':
                la=res[-1]
                res.append(2*la)
            elif s=='+':
                res.append(res[-1]+res[-2])
            else:
                res.append(int(s))
        return sum(res)

844. Backspace String Compare

Given two strings S and T, return if they are equal when both are typed into empty text editors. # means a backspace character.

Example 1:

Input: S = "ab#c", T = "ad#c"
Output: true
Explanation: Both S and T become "ac".

Example 2:

Input: S = "ab##", T = "c#d#"
Output: true
Explanation: Both S and T become "".

Example 3:

Input: S = "a##c", T = "#a#c"
Output: true
Explanation: Both S and T become "c".

Example 4:

Input: S = "a#c", T = "b"
Output: false
Explanation: S becomes "c" while T becomes "b".

Note:

1. 1 <= S.length <= 200
2. 1 <= T.length <= 200
3. S and T only contain lowercase letters and '#' characters.

给定 S 和 T 两个字符串，当它们分别被输入到空白的文本编辑器后，判断二者是否相等，并返回结果。 # 代表退格字符。

思路：使用栈来实现，遇到#退栈就好了，唯一需要注意的时候如果栈是空的时候，不能退栈。

class Solution(object):
    def backspaceCompare(self, S, T):
        """
        :type S: str
        :type T: str
        :rtype: bool
        """
        stack1=[]
        stack2=[]
        for c in S:
            if c!='#':
                stack1.append(c)
            else:
                if stack1:
                    stack1.pop(-1)
        for b in T:
            if b!='#':
                stack2.append(b)
            else:
                if stack2:
                    stack2.pop(-1)
        return stack1==stack2

1021. Remove Outermost Parentheses

A valid parentheses string is either empty (""), "(" + A + ")", or A + B, where A and B are valid parentheses strings, and + represents string concatenation.  For example, "", "()", "(())()", and "(()(()))" are all valid parentheses strings.

A valid parentheses string S is primitive if it is nonempty, and there does not exist a way to split it into S = A+B, with A and B nonempty valid parentheses strings.

Given a valid parentheses string S, consider its primitive decomposition: S = P_1 + P_2 + ... + P_k, where P_i are primitive valid parentheses strings.

Return S after removing the outermost parentheses of every primitive string in the primitive decomposition of S.

 

Example 1:

Input: "(()())(())"
Output: "()()()"
Explanation: 
The input string is "(()())(())", with primitive decomposition "(()())" + "(())".
After removing outer parentheses of each part, this is "()()" + "()" = "()()()".

Example 2:

Input: "(()())(())(()(()))"
Output: "()()()()(())"
Explanation: 
The input string is "(()())(())(()(()))", with primitive decomposition "(()())" + "(())" + "(()(()))".
After removing outer parentheses of each part, this is "()()" + "()" + "()(())" = "()()()()(())".

Example 3:

Input: "()()"
Output: ""
Explanation: 
The input string is "()()", with primitive decomposition "()" + "()".
After removing outer parentheses of each part, this is "" + "" = "".

有效括号字符串为空 ("")、"(" + A + ")" 或 A + B，其中 A 和 B 都是有效的括号字符串，+ 代表字符串的连接。例如，""，"()"，"(())()" 和 "(()(()))" 都是有效的括号字符串。

如果有效字符串 S 非空，且不存在将其拆分为 S = A+B 的方法，我们称其为原语（primitive），其中 A 和 B 都是非空有效括号字符串。

给出一个非空有效字符串 S，考虑将其进行原语化分解，使得：S = P_1 + P_2 + ... + P_k，其中 P_i 是有效括号字符串原语。

对 S 进行原语化分解，删除分解中每个原语字符串的最外层括号，返回 S 。

思路：利用栈
   python中list是天然的栈结构。
  从头开始遍历，遇到左括号入栈，遇到右括号，list弹出栈顶元素。
  当栈为空的时候，意味着已经找到一个完整的原语
  删除原语最外层的括号即可: data = data[1:-1]

class Solution(object):
    def removeOuterParentheses(self, S):
        """
        :type S: str
        :rtype: str
        """
        ret=[]
        ans=""
        cur=""
        for c in S:
            ans+=c
            if c=='(':
                ret.append(c)
            else:
                ret.pop()
            
            if len(ret)==0:
                cur+=ans[1:-1]
                ans=""
        return cur

1047. Remove All Adjacent Duplicates In String

Given a string S of lowercase letters, a duplicate removal consists of choosing two adjacent and equal letters, and removing them.

We repeatedly make duplicate removals on S until we no longer can.

Return the final string after all such duplicate removals have been made.  It is guaranteed the answer is unique.

Example 1:

Input: "abbaca"
Output: "ca"
Explanation: 
For example, in "abbaca" we could remove "bb" since the letters are adjacent and equal, and this is the only possible move.  The result of this move is that the string is "aaca", of which only "aa" is possible, so the final string is "ca".

给出由小写字母组成的字符串 S，重复项删除操作会选择两个相邻且相同的字母，并删除它们。

在 S 上反复执行重复项删除操作，直到无法继续删除。

在完成所有重复项删除操作后返回最终的字符串。答案保证唯一。

思路：开一个栈，然后扫描整个字符串。如果当前字符和栈顶元素不相等，则当前字符入栈；如果相等，则当前栈顶元素出栈。

最后用join拼接。

class Solution(object):
    def removeDuplicates(self, S):
        """
        :type S: str
        :rtype: str
        """
        stack=[]
        for s in S:
            if not stack or s!=stack[-1]:
                stack.append(s)
            else:
                stack.pop()
                
        return ''.join(stack)