什么是wiringPi
wiringPi是树莓派的一个C语言函数库，用于控制树莓派的GPIO，通俗讲，就是如果你要通过树莓派控制一个电机，那么必须需要这个库来实现。
获取wiringPi源码的方式
从去年开始2019年， wiringPi官网就不提供源码下载了,下面我会说明原因。
wiringPi官网提供了两种获取源码的方法：
即：计划A和计划B，但是我们按照他的操作都会失败，导致很多初学者很纳闷，不知道是哪里出了问题，常常怀疑自己：
是不是网络出了问题？----各种浏览器，ping，关闭防火墙等尝试
是不是要翻墙？----各种代理尝试，然后骂GCD
是不是树莓派出了问题？-----然后在window上试，ubuntu里面试
最后就很沮丧，觉得这个树莓派不好玩，不玩了，其实很多时候挡住你去路的不是冰山，而是树叶，我们需要耐心
我们搞错方向了~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
plan A
我们按照计划A，通过git获取
pi@xiajiashan:~/test$ git clone git://git.drogon.net/wiringPi
正克隆到 ‘wiringPi’…
但是会得到下面的错误：
fatal: unable to connect to git.drogon.net:
git.drogon.net[0: 188.246.205.22]: errno=拒绝连接
git.drogon.net[1: 2a03:9800:10:7b::2]: errno=网络不可达
此时，不甘心的人，担心树莓派出问题，所以在笔记本虚拟机里面的ubuntu系统里面试，然后还不放心，在windows里面试，最终返回的还试“拒绝连接”，“网络不可达”
plan B
然后，我们换到B计划，通过url手工下载
https://git.drogon.net/?p=wiringPi;a=summary
然后，老是出现下面的错误
git.drogon.net is currently unavailable.
Please look for alternatives for wiringPi, etc.
(I really mean look for an alternative - as in use another GPIO library. also read the news on http://wiringpi.com/news )
-Gordon
换各种浏览器，各种系统，都是这个结果
~再一次绝望
你失败的原因
上面两个计划都失败了，失败的原因是大家都想不到的，因为开发者停止支持了。
其实官网有说明，只是我们不习惯看英文，从而视而不见
开源仍然很难坚持，即使在重视版权的国家
下面是wiringPi开发者的公开信
wiringPi – deprecated…
Posted on August 6, 2019 by Gordon
This has turned into a bit of a rant. Sorry.
The past 10 years or so has seen a lot of changes in my life dominated by physical and mental health issues, businesses coming and going, but also a little fun with retro-computing, arduino, and the Raspberry Pi, and the wiringPi GPIO library I’ve written for it.
However in recent years the Raspberry Pi has changed from a little hacker toy into something bigger and more and more people are turning to Python and other languages which wiringPi was never designed to support – wiringPi was designed to be used by experienced C and RTB BASIC programmers. It is not a newbie learning tool.
I never intended for wiringPi to be statically linked either – and thanks to the incompetence of many people who have done just this, I’ve had over 10,000 emails from people who upgraded their Pi and found that code stopped working because they were reliant on a system (typically some java/javascript/node or home automation or UPS thing) which had statically linked an older version. This sheer incompetence on their part has saddened and depressed me hugely. Hint for the future: If you’re going to do this, at least be prepared to support it.
Add to that the people who have “bludgeoned” wiringPi to work on other fruit Pi platforms, but left my name as the contact email … well, thanks for using wiringPi, but no thanks for expecting me to support your one-shot cheap barely working board. If you want support then buy a genuine Raspberry Pi which will help fund education and research and not some cheap knock-off just because it has something that appears to be faster/bigger/better.
And those who’ve stolen my software and sold it as your own? Hm. Sure – it’s hard to steal free software, but say you’re a German Pi UPS maker and you pull apart wiringPi to get just the bits you need, statically link that into your own control code, but rather than publish the code and a little “thanks” note you leave my email address it in, then the poor user who has paid you their good money to buy your kit gets in-touch with me when they upgrade their Pi…
Sadly, that’s the tip of the rapidly melting iceberg, but by no means the only case. The sad thing is that people steal GPL, LGPL and other Free/Libre software all the time. I’ve even had someone tell me to my face that they would take and re-publish my code under their name because there is nothing I can do about it. So no more.
And then there’s the lazy. I’ve lost track of the number of people asking me if wiringPi can support this, that, the other… so I say yes, all you have to do is write the code to support your device… Then they get upset because they don’t know how to (did I mention it’s not a newbie learning tool?) Or I quote them a fee and they get even more upset because – free software and all that…. And my twitter feed? For years I put in my profile: wiringPi support by email… Yet people still tweet about it. Don’t people even read others profiles? I guess not. I removed that recently because it wasn’t worth the space.
The confusion about pin numbering too. I’ve had many emails and tweets about it – why? Because people are too lazy to read the fine manuals or take the time to understand how and why. This is the last word on pin numbering.
The final straw? An individual by the name of DanielK who bleated at me for not releasing the sources for the Pi v4 version in a timely manner. I’d put up a .deb file designed for the correct dynamic linking, but Daniel pointed out
Not to be a complete ass or anything, but technically the LGPL license REQUIRES you to make the sources available when it’s released.
Great. Thanks, Dan. As I had limited capacity available at the time, I just felt that that was that. If I’m going to get emails like that for a little project then it’s not worth it anymore.
I will make a final release of wiringPi available soon – with the sources, but that’s that. No more public releases. I’ll still be maintaining it for my own uses and clients, but for everyone else, please look at for alternative GPIO library for on-going projects.
-Gordon, August, 2019.
wiringPi -弃用…
戈登于2019年8月6日发布
这已经变成了一种咆哮。对不起。
在过去的10年左右，我的生活发生了很多变化，主要是身心健康问题，生意来来去去，但也有一些有趣的东西，比如旧电脑，arduino, Raspberry Pi，还有我为它写的wiringPi GPIO图书馆。
然而，近年来，树莓派已经从一个小黑客玩具变成了一个更大的东西，越来越多的人转向Python和其他语言，wiringPi从来没有被设计来支持- wiringPi被设计来供有经验的C和RTB基础程序员使用。它不是新手的学习工具。
我从来没有用于wiringPi是静态链接的,由于许多人的无能所做的只是这个,我收到超过10000封电子邮件的人升级其π,发现代码停止工作,因为他们依赖于一个系统(通常是一些java / javascript /节点或家庭自动化或UPS的事情)静态链接的一个旧版本。他们这种完全的无能让我极度悲伤和沮丧。给未来的提示:如果您打算这样做，至少要准备好支持它。
还有那些曾“恐吓”wiringPi在其他水果Pi平台上工作，但留下我的名字作为联系电子邮件的人……好吧，谢谢你们使用wiringPi，但不要期待我支持你们的一次性廉价工作板。如果你想获得支持，那就买一个真正的树莓派，这将有助于资助教育和研究，而不是一些廉价的仿冒品，因为它看起来更快/更大/更好。
还有那些偷了我的软件然后把它当成自己的卖了的人呢?嗯。确定,很难偷免费软件,但是你是一个德国πUPS制造商,你撕开wiringPi得到你所需要的部分,静态地链接到自己的控制代码,而不是发布代码,一个“谢谢”注意你留下我的电子邮件地址,然后可怜的用户支付你自己好钱买你的装备会与我联系当他们升级π…
可悲的是，这只是冰山迅速融化的一角，但绝不是唯一的情况。可悲的是，人们一直在偷GPL、LGPL和其他免费软件。甚至有人当面告诉我，他们将以他们的名义重新发布我的代码，因为我对此无能为力。所以没有更多。
还有懒惰的人。我忘记问我的人数如果wiringPi能支持这个,其他的…所以我说没错,你所要做的就是写代码来支持你的设备……然后他们感到不安,因为他们不知道如何(我提到它不是一个新手学习工具?)或者我给他们报价，他们就会更生气，因为——免费软件之类的东西……我的推特账号呢?多年来，我在我的个人资料中添加了:wiringPi支持通过电子邮件…但人们仍然在推特上谈论它。人们难道不会看别人的简介吗?我猜不是。我最近删除了它，因为它不值得这个空间。
关于密码的混乱也是如此。我收到了很多关于它的电子邮件和推特——为什么?因为人们太懒了，没有时间去读那些精美的手册，或者花时间去理解如何去做以及为什么去做。这是pin号的最后一个字。
最后一根稻草?一个叫DanielK的人抱怨我没有及时发布Pi v4版本的源代码。我提供了一个。deb文件，用于正确的动态链接，但Daniel指出
不是要成为一个完全的傻瓜，但是从技术上讲，LGPL许可证要求您在它发布时提供源代码。
太好了。谢谢你,丹。因为当时我的能力有限，我只是觉得那就是我想要的。如果我要为一个小项目收到这样的邮件，那就不值得了。
我很快就会发布wiringPi的最终版本——包括资料来源，但仅此而已。不再公开发布。我仍然会为自己的使用和客户端维护它，但是对于其他人，请查看用于正在进行的项目的替代GPIO库。
戈登,2019年8月。
不要放弃
但是，大家不要放弃，官网仅仅是不提供源码而已，但不影响我们继续开发，因为他可以在线安装库(看不到源码)
方法官网也说了，第一个介绍的就是库安装方式：
sudo apt-get install wiringpi
就这么简单：
在树莓派命令行下执行上述命令即可：
pi@xiajiashan:~$ sudo apt-get install wiringpi
正在读取软件包列表… 完成
正在分析软件包的依赖关系树
正在读取状态信息… 完成
下列软件包将被升级：
wiringpi
升级了 1 个软件包，新安装了 0 个软件包，要卸载 0 个软件包，有 93 个软件包未被升级。
需要下载 52.9 kB 的软件包。
解压缩后会消耗掉 0 B 的额外空间。
获取：1 http://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspberrypi/ stretch/main wiringpi armhf 2.50 [52.9 kB]
下载 52.9 kB，耗时 0秒 (85.2 kB/s)
读取变更记录(changelogs)… 完成
(正在读取数据库 … 系统当前共安装有 145759 个文件和目录。)
正准备解包 …/wiringpi_2.50_armhf.deb …
正在将 wiringpi (2.50) 解包到 (2.46) 上 …
正在处理用于 libc-bin (2.19-18+deb8u4) 的触发器 …
正在处理用于 man-db (2.7.0.2-5) 的触发器 …
正在设置 wiringpi (2.50) …
正在处理用于 libc-bin (2.19-18+deb8u4) 的触发器 …
我用的清华的源，而且之前安装过，这里只是升级，信息有可能跟你的不一样，但是者确确实实是安装好了，
验证是不是安装好了
pi@xiajiashan:~/test$ gpio -V
2
pi@xiajiashan:~/test$ gpio readall
±----±----±--------±-----±–±--Pi 3—±–±-----±--------±----±----+
| BCM | wPi | Name | Mode | V | Physical | V | Mode | Name | wPi | BCM |
±----±----±--------±-----±–±—+±—±–±-----±--------±----±----+
| | | 3.3v | | | 1 || 2 | | | 5v | | |
| 2 | 8 | SDA.1 | ALT0 | 1 | 3 || 4 | | | 5v | | |
| 3 | 9 | SCL.1 | ALT0 | 1 | 5 || 6 | | | 0v | | |
| 4 | 7 | GPIO. 7 | IN | 0 | 7 || 8 | 0 | IN | TxD | 15 | 14 |
| | | 0v | | | 9 || 10 | 1 | IN | RxD | 16 | 15 |
| 17 | 0 | GPIO. 0 | IN | 0 | 11 || 12 | 0 | IN | GPIO. 1 | 1 | 18 |
| 27 | 2 | GPIO. 2 | IN | 0 | 13 || 14 | | | 0v | | |
| 22 | 3 | GPIO. 3 | IN | 0 | 15 || 16 | 0 | IN | GPIO. 4 | 4 | 23 |
| | | 3.3v | | | 17 || 18 | 0 | IN | GPIO. 5 | 5 | 24 |
| 10 | 12 | MOSI | IN | 0 | 19 || 20 | | | 0v | | |
| 9 | 13 | MISO | IN | 0 | 21 || 22 | 0 | IN | GPIO. 6 | 6 | 25 |
| 11 | 14 | SCLK | IN | 0 | 23 || 24 | 1 | IN | CE0 | 10 | 8 |
| | | 0v | | | 25 || 26 | 1 | IN | CE1 | 11 | 7 |
| 0 | 30 | SDA.0 | IN | 1 | 27 || 28 | 1 | IN | SCL.0 | 31 | 1 |
| 5 | 21 | GPIO.21 | IN | 1 | 29 || 30 | | | 0v | | |
| 6 | 22 | GPIO.22 | IN | 1 | 31 || 32 | 0 | IN | GPIO.26 | 26 | 12 |
| 13 | 23 | GPIO.23 | IN | 0 | 33 || 34 | | | 0v | | |
| 19 | 24 | GPIO.24 | IN | 0 | 35 || 36 | 0 | IN | GPIO.27 | 27 | 16 |
| 26 | 25 | GPIO.25 | IN | 0 | 37 || 38 | 0 | IN | GPIO.28 | 28 | 20 |
| | | 0v | | | 39 || 40 | 0 | IN | GPIO.29 | 29 | 21 |
±----±----±--------±-----±–±—+±—±–±-----±--------±----±----+
| BCM | wPi | Name | Mode | V | Physical | V | Mode | Name | wPi | BCM |
±----±----±--------±-----±–±--Pi 3—±–±-----±--------±----±----+
pi@xiajiashan:~/test$
因为我的树莓派是3B+(3代，其实初学者用3代就可以了，如果是做图像识别那么用4B会更好)。
库安装在哪里
你可以通过find命令找一下wiringPi.h这个头文件，看sudo apt-get install wiringpi这个命令到达把库安装到哪里去了
pi@xiajiashan:~/test$ find /usr/* -name wiringPi.h
/usr/include/wiringPi.h
/usr/local/include/wiringPi.h
pi@xiajiashan:~/test$
我这里有两个地方有这个头文件，可能是我用源码方式安装过，又用命令安装过。这个不影响我们开发。到时候头文件包含的时候，系统会自动到环境去找的。
为什么要源码
对于一个有很强求知欲和探索精神的人来说，希望研究源码是很正常的事情，如果看不到源码，心里老是不踏实，当你调用wiringPiSetup函数，setMode函数的时候，很想知道里面是怎么写的，实现原理是怎么样的。
/*
* wiringPi:
* Arduino look-a-like Wiring library for the Raspberry Pi
* Copyright (c) 2012-2017 Gordon Henderson
* Additional code for pwmSetClock by Chris Hall <chris@kchall.plus.com>
*
* Thanks to code samples from Gert Jan van Loo and the
* BCM2835 ARM Peripherals manual, however it's missing
* the clock section /grr/mutter/
***********************************************************************
* This file is part of wiringPi:
* https://projects.drogon.net/raspberry-pi/wiringpi/
*
* wiringPi is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
* published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
* License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
* wiringPi is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
* License along with wiringPi.
* If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
***********************************************************************
*/
// Revisions:
// 19 Jul 2012:
// Moved to the LGPL
// Added an abstraction layer to the main routines to save a tiny
// bit of run-time and make the clode a little cleaner (if a little
// larger)
// Added waitForInterrupt code
// Added piHiPri code
//
// 9 Jul 2012:
// Added in support to use the /sys/class/gpio interface.
// 2 Jul 2012:
// Fixed a few more bugs to do with range-checking when in GPIO mode.
// 11 Jun 2012:
// Fixed some typos.
// Added c++ support for the .h file
// Added a new function to allow for using my "pin" numbers, or native
// GPIO pin numbers.
// Removed my busy-loop delay and replaced it with a call to delayMicroseconds
//
// 02 May 2012:
// Added in the 2 UART pins
// Change maxPins to numPins to more accurately reflect purpose
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <asm/ioctl.h>
#include "softPwm.h"
#include "softTone.h"
#include "wiringPi.h"
#include "../version.h"
// Environment Variables
#define ENV_DEBUG "WIRINGPI_DEBUG"
#define ENV_CODES "WIRINGPI_CODES"
#define ENV_GPIOMEM "WIRINGPI_GPIOMEM"
// Extend wiringPi with other pin-based devices and keep track of
// them in this structure
struct wiringPiNodeStruct *wiringPiNodes = NULL ;
// BCM Magic
#define BCM_PASSWORD 0x5A000000
// The BCM2835 has 54 GPIO pins.
// BCM2835 data sheet, Page 90 onwards.
// There are 6 control registers, each control the functions of a block
// of 10 pins.
// Each control register has 10 sets of 3 bits per GPIO pin - the ALT values
//
// 000 = GPIO Pin X is an input
// 001 = GPIO Pin X is an output
// 100 = GPIO Pin X takes alternate function 0
// 101 = GPIO Pin X takes alternate function 1
// 110 = GPIO Pin X takes alternate function 2
// 111 = GPIO Pin X takes alternate function 3
// 011 = GPIO Pin X takes alternate function 4
// 010 = GPIO Pin X takes alternate function 5
//
// So the 3 bits for port X are:
// X / 10 + ((X % 10) * 3)
// Port function select bits
#define FSEL_INPT 0b000
#define FSEL_OUTP 0b001
#define FSEL_ALT0 0b100
#define FSEL_ALT1 0b101
#define FSEL_ALT2 0b110
#define FSEL_ALT3 0b111
#define FSEL_ALT4 0b011
#define FSEL_ALT5 0b010
// Access from ARM Running Linux
// Taken from Gert/Doms code. Some of this is not in the manual
// that I can find )-:
//
// Updates in September 2015 - all now static variables (and apologies for the caps)
// due to the Pi v2, v3, etc. and the new /dev/gpiomem interface
static volatile unsigned int GPIO_PADS ;
static volatile unsigned int GPIO_CLOCK_BASE ;
static volatile unsigned int GPIO_BASE ;
static volatile unsigned int GPIO_TIMER ;
static volatile unsigned int GPIO_PWM ;
#define PAGE_SIZE (4*1024)
#define BLOCK_SIZE (4*1024)
static unsigned int usingGpioMem = FALSE ;
static int wiringPiSetuped = FALSE ;
// PWM
// Word offsets into the PWM control region
#define PWM_CONTROL 0
#define PWM_STATUS 1
#define PWM0_RANGE 4
#define PWM0_DATA 5
#define PWM1_RANGE 8
#define PWM1_DATA 9
// Clock regsiter offsets
#define PWMCLK_CNTL 40
#define PWMCLK_DIV 41
#define PWM0_MS_MODE 0x0080 // Run in MS mode
#define PWM0_USEFIFO 0x0020 // Data from FIFO
#define PWM0_REVPOLAR 0x0010 // Reverse polarity
#define PWM0_OFFSTATE 0x0008 // Ouput Off state
#define PWM0_REPEATFF 0x0004 // Repeat last value if FIFO empty
#define PWM0_SERIAL 0x0002 // Run in serial mode
#define PWM0_ENABLE 0x0001 // Channel Enable
#define PWM1_MS_MODE 0x8000 // Run in MS mode
#define PWM1_USEFIFO 0x2000 // Data from FIFO
#define PWM1_REVPOLAR 0x1000 // Reverse polarity
#define PWM1_OFFSTATE 0x0800 // Ouput Off state
#define PWM1_REPEATFF 0x0400 // Repeat last value if FIFO empty
#define PWM1_SERIAL 0x0200 // Run in serial mode
#define PWM1_ENABLE 0x0100 // Channel Enable
// Timer
// Word offsets
#define TIMER_LOAD (0x400 >> 2)
#define TIMER_VALUE (0x404 >> 2)
#define TIMER_CONTROL (0x408 >> 2)
#define TIMER_IRQ_CLR (0x40C >> 2)
#define TIMER_IRQ_RAW (0x410 >> 2)
#define TIMER_IRQ_MASK (0x414 >> 2)
#define TIMER_RELOAD (0x418 >> 2)
#define TIMER_PRE_DIV (0x41C >> 2)
#define TIMER_COUNTER (0x420 >> 2)
// Locals to hold pointers to the hardware
static volatile unsigned int *gpio ;
static volatile unsigned int *pwm ;
static volatile unsigned int *clk ;
static volatile unsigned int *pads ;
static volatile unsigned int *timer ;
static volatile unsigned int *timerIrqRaw ;
// Export variables for the hardware pointers
volatile unsigned int *_wiringPiGpio ;
volatile unsigned int *_wiringPiPwm ;
volatile unsigned int *_wiringPiClk ;
volatile unsigned int *_wiringPiPads ;
volatile unsigned int *_wiringPiTimer ;
volatile unsigned int *_wiringPiTimerIrqRaw ;
// Data for use with the boardId functions.
// The order of entries here to correspond with the PI_MODEL_X
// and PI_VERSION_X defines in wiringPi.h
// Only intended for the gpio command - use at your own risk!
// piGpioBase:
// The base address of the GPIO memory mapped hardware IO
#define GPIO_PERI_BASE_OLD 0x20000000
#define GPIO_PERI_BASE_NEW 0x3F000000
static volatile unsigned int piGpioBase = 0 ;
const char *piModelNames [16] =
{
"Model A", // 0
"Model B", // 1
"Model A+", // 2
"Model B+", // 3
"Pi 2", // 4
"Alpha", // 5
"CM", // 6
"Unknown07", // 07
"Pi 3", // 08
"Pi Zero", // 09
"CM3", // 10
"Unknown11", // 11
"Pi Zero-W", // 12
"Pi 3+", // 13
"Unknown14", // 14
"Unknown15", // 15
} ;
const char *piRevisionNames [16] =
{
"00",
"01",
"02",
"03",
"04",
"05",
"06",
"07",
"08",
"09",
"10",
"11",
"12",
"13",
"14",
"15",
} ;
const char *piMakerNames [16] =
{
"Sony", // 0
"Egoman", // 1
"Embest", // 2
"Unknown", // 3
"Embest", // 4
"Unknown05", // 5
"Unknown06", // 6
"Unknown07", // 7
"Unknown08", // 8
"Unknown09", // 9
"Unknown10", // 10
"Unknown11", // 11
"Unknown12", // 12
"Unknown13", // 13
"Unknown14", // 14
"Unknown15", // 15
} ;
const int piMemorySize [8] =
{
256, // 0
512, // 1
1024, // 2
0, // 3
0, // 4
0, // 5
0, // 6
0, // 7
} ;
// Time for easy calculations
static uint64_t epochMilli, epochMicro ;
// Misc
static int wiringPiMode = WPI_MODE_UNINITIALISED ;
static volatile int pinPass = -1 ;
static pthread_mutex_t pinMutex ;
// Debugging & Return codes
int wiringPiDebug = FALSE ;
int wiringPiReturnCodes = FALSE ;
// Use /dev/gpiomem ?
int wiringPiTryGpioMem = FALSE ;
// sysFds:
// Map a file descriptor from the /sys/class/gpio/gpioX/value
static int sysFds [64] =
{
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
} ;
// ISR Data
static void (*isrFunctions [64])(void) ;
// Doing it the Arduino way with lookup tables...
// Yes, it's probably more innefficient than all the bit-twidling, but it
// does tend to make it all a bit clearer. At least to me!
// pinToGpio:
// Take a Wiring pin (0 through X) and re-map it to the BCM_GPIO pin
// Cope for 3 different board revisions here.
static int *pinToGpio ;
// Revision 1, 1.1:
static int pinToGpioR1 [64] =
{
17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 4, // From the Original Wiki - GPIO 0 through 7: wpi 0 - 7
0, 1, // I2C - SDA1, SCL1 wpi 8 - 9
8, 7, // SPI - CE1, CE0 wpi 10 - 11
10, 9, 11, // SPI - MOSI, MISO, SCLK wpi 12 - 14
14, 15, // UART - Tx, Rx wpi 15 - 16
// Padding:
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, // ... 31
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, // ... 47
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, // ... 63
} ;
// Revision 2:
static int pinToGpioR2 [64] =
{
17, 18, 27, 22, 23, 24, 25, 4, // From the Original Wiki - GPIO 0 through 7: wpi 0 - 7
2, 3, // I2C - SDA0, SCL0 wpi 8 - 9
8, 7, // SPI - CE1, CE0 wpi 10 - 11
10, 9, 11, // SPI - MOSI, MISO, SCLK wpi 12 - 14
14, 15, // UART - Tx, Rx wpi 15 - 16
28, 29, 30, 31, // Rev 2: New GPIOs 8 though 11 wpi 17 - 20
5, 6, 13, 19, 26, // B+ wpi 21, 22, 23, 24, 25
12, 16, 20, 21, // B+ wpi 26, 27, 28, 29
0, 1, // B+ wpi 30, 31
// Padding:
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, // ... 47
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, // ... 63
} ;
// physToGpio:
// Take a physical pin (1 through 26) and re-map it to the BCM_GPIO pin
// Cope for 2 different board revisions here.
// Also add in the P5 connector, so the P5 pins are 3,4,5,6, so 53,54,55,56
static int *physToGpio ;
static int physToGpioR1 [64] =
{
-1, // 0
-1, -1, // 1, 2
0, -1,
1, -1,
4, 14,
-1, 15,
17, 18,
21, -1,
22, 23,
-1, 24,
10, -1,
9, 25,
11, 8,
-1, 7, // 25, 26
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, // ... 31
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, // ... 47
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, // ... 63
} ;
static int physToGpioR2 [64] =
{
-1, // 0
-1, -1, // 1, 2
2, -1,
3, -1,
4, 14,
-1, 15,
17, 18,
27, -1,
22, 23,
-1, 24,
10, -1,
9, 25,
11, 8,
-1, 7, // 25, 26
// B+
0, 1,
5, -1,
6, 12,
13, -1,
19, 16,
26, 20,
-1, 21,
// the P5 connector on the Rev 2 boards:
-1, -1,
-1, -1,
-1, -1,
-1, -1,
-1, -1,
28, 29,
30, 31,
-1, -1,
-1, -1,
-1, -1,
-1, -1,
} ;
// gpioToGPFSEL:
// Map a BCM_GPIO pin to it's Function Selection
// control port. (GPFSEL 0-5)
// Groups of 10 - 3 bits per Function - 30 bits per port
static uint8_t gpioToGPFSEL [] =
{
0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,
3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,
4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,
5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,
} ;
// gpioToShift
// Define the shift up for the 3 bits per pin in each GPFSEL port
static uint8_t gpioToShift [] =
{
0,3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,
0,3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,
0,3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,
0,3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,
0,3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,
0,3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,
} ;
// gpioToGPSET:
// (Word) offset to the GPIO Set registers for each GPIO pin
static uint8_t gpioToGPSET [] =
{
7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7,
8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8,
} ;
// gpioToGPCLR:
// (Word) offset to the GPIO Clear registers for each GPIO pin
static uint8_t gpioToGPCLR [] =
{
10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,
11,11,11,11,11,11,11,11,11,11,11,11,11,11,11,11,11,11,11,11,11,11,11,11,11,11,11,11,11,11,11,11,
} ;
// gpioToGPLEV:
// (Word) offset to the GPIO Input level registers for each GPIO pin
static uint8_t gpioToGPLEV [] =
{
13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,
14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14,
} ;
#ifdef notYetReady
// gpioToEDS
// (Word) offset to the Event Detect Status
static uint8_t gpioToEDS [] =
{
16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,16,
17,17,17,17,17,17,17,17,17,17,17,17,17,17,17,17,17,17,17,17,17,17,17,17,17,17,17,17,17,17,17,17,
} ;
// gpioToREN
// (Word) offset to the Rising edge ENable register
static uint8_t gpioToREN [] =
{
19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,
20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,
} ;
// gpioToFEN
// (Word) offset to the Falling edgde ENable register
static uint8_t gpioToFEN [] =
{
22,22,22,22,22,22,22,22,22,22,22,22,22,22,22,22,22,22,22,22,22,22,22,22,22,22,22,22,22,22,22,22,
23,23,23,23,23,23,23,23,23,23,23,23,23,23,23,23,23,23,23,23,23,23,23,23,23,23,23,23,23,23,23,23,
} ;
#endif
// GPPUD:
// GPIO Pin pull up/down register
#define GPPUD 37
// gpioToPUDCLK
// (Word) offset to the Pull Up Down Clock regsiter
static uint8_t gpioToPUDCLK [] =
{
38,38,38,38,38,38,38,38,38,38,38,38,38,38,38,38,38,38,38,38,38,38,38,38,38,38,38,38,38,38,38,38,
39,39,39,39,39,39,39,39,39,39,39,39,39,39,39,39,39,39,39,39,39,39,39,39,39,39,39,39,39,39,39,39,
} ;
// gpioToPwmALT
// the ALT value to put a GPIO pin into PWM mode
static uint8_t gpioToPwmALT [] =
{
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // 0 -> 7
0, 0, 0, 0, FSEL_ALT0, FSEL_ALT0, 0, 0, // 8 -> 15
0, 0, FSEL_ALT5, FSEL_ALT5, 0, 0, 0, 0, // 16 -> 23
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // 24 -> 31
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // 32 -> 39
FSEL_ALT0, FSEL_ALT0, 0, 0, 0, FSEL_ALT0, 0, 0, // 40 -> 47
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // 48 -> 55
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // 56 -> 63
} ;
// gpioToPwmPort
// The port value to put a GPIO pin into PWM mode
static uint8_t gpioToPwmPort [] =
{
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // 0 -> 7
0, 0, 0, 0, PWM0_DATA, PWM1_DATA, 0, 0, // 8 -> 15
0, 0, PWM0_DATA, PWM1_DATA, 0, 0, 0, 0, // 16 -> 23
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // 24 -> 31
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // 32 -> 39
PWM0_DATA, PWM1_DATA, 0, 0, 0, PWM1_DATA, 0, 0, // 40 -> 47
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // 48 -> 55
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // 56 -> 63
} ;
// gpioToGpClkALT:
// ALT value to put a GPIO pin into GP Clock mode.
// On the Pi we can really only use BCM_GPIO_4 and BCM_GPIO_21
// for clocks 0 and 1 respectively, however I'll include the full
// list for completeness - maybe one day...
#define GPIO_CLOCK_SOURCE 1
// gpioToGpClkALT0:
static uint8_t gpioToGpClkALT0 [] =
{
0, 0, 0, 0, FSEL_ALT0, FSEL_ALT0, FSEL_ALT0, 0, // 0 -> 7
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // 8 -> 15
0, 0, 0, 0, FSEL_ALT5, FSEL_ALT5, 0, 0, // 16 -> 23
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // 24 -> 31
FSEL_ALT0, 0, FSEL_ALT0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // 32 -> 39
0, 0, FSEL_ALT0, FSEL_ALT0, FSEL_ALT0, 0, 0, 0, // 40 -> 47
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // 48 -> 55
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, // 56 -> 63
} ;
// gpioToClk:
// (word) Offsets to the clock Control and Divisor register
static uint8_t gpioToClkCon [] =
{
-1, -1, -1, -1, 28, 30, 32, -1, // 0 -> 7
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, // 8 -> 15
-1, -1, -1, -1, 28, 30, -1, -1, // 16 -> 23
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, // 24 -> 31
28, -1, 28, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, // 32 -> 39
-1, -1, 28, 30, 28, -1, -1, -1, // 40 -> 47
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, // 48 -> 55
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, // 56 -> 63
} ;
static uint8_t gpioToClkDiv [] =
{
-1, -1, -1, -1, 29, 31, 33, -1, // 0 -> 7
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, // 8 -> 15
-1, -1, -1, -1, 29, 31, -1, -1, // 16 -> 23
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, // 24 -> 31
29, -1, 29, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, // 32 -> 39
-1, -1, 29, 31, 29, -1, -1, -1, // 40 -> 47
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, // 48 -> 55
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, // 56 -> 63
} ;
/*
* Functions
*********************************************************************************
*/
/*
* wiringPiFailure:
* Fail. Or not.
*********************************************************************************
*/
int wiringPiFailure (int fatal, const char *message, ...)
{
va_list argp ;
char buffer [1024] ;
if (!fatal && wiringPiReturnCodes)
return -1 ;
va_start (argp, message) ;
vsnprintf (buffer, 1023, message, argp) ;
va_end (argp) ;
fprintf (stderr, "%s", buffer) ;
exit (EXIT_FAILURE) ;
return 0 ;
}
/*
* setupCheck
* Another sanity check because some users forget to call the setup
* function. Mosty because they need feeding C drip by drip )-:
*********************************************************************************
*/
static void setupCheck (const char *fName)
{
if (!wiringPiSetuped)
{
fprintf (stderr, "%s: You have not called one of the wiringPiSetup\n"
" functions, so I'm aborting your program before it crashes anyway.\n", fName) ;
exit (EXIT_FAILURE) ;
}
}
/*
* gpioMemCheck:
* See if we're using the /dev/gpiomem interface, if-so then some operations
* can't be done and will crash the Pi.
*********************************************************************************
*/
static void usingGpioMemCheck (const char *what)
{
if (usingGpioMem)
{
fprintf (stderr, "%s: Unable to do this when using /dev/gpiomem. Try sudo?\n", what) ;
exit (EXIT_FAILURE) ;
}
}
/*
* piGpioLayout:
* Return a number representing the hardware revision of the board.
* This is not strictly the board revision but is used to check the
* layout of the GPIO connector - and there are 2 types that we are
* really interested in here. The very earliest Pi's and the
* ones that came after that which switched some pins ....
*
* Revision 1 really means the early Model A and B's.
* Revision 2 is everything else - it covers the B, B+ and CM.
* ... and the Pi 2 - which is a B+ ++ ...
* ... and the Pi 0 - which is an A+ ...
*
* The main difference between the revision 1 and 2 system that I use here
* is the mapping of the GPIO pins. From revision 2, the Pi Foundation changed
* 3 GPIO pins on the (original) 26-way header - BCM_GPIO 22 was dropped and
* replaced with 27, and 0 + 1 - I2C bus 0 was changed to 2 + 3; I2C bus 1.
*
* Additionally, here we set the piModel2 flag too. This is again, nothing to
* do with the actual model, but the major version numbers - the GPIO base
* hardware address changed at model 2 and above (not the Zero though)
*
*********************************************************************************
*/
static void piGpioLayoutOops (const char *why)
{
fprintf (stderr, "Oops: Unable to determine board revision from /proc/cpuinfo\n") ;
fprintf (stderr, " -> %s\n", why) ;
fprintf (stderr, " -> You'd best google the error to find out why.\n") ;
//fprintf (stderr, " -> http://www.raspberrypi.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?p=184410#p184410\n") ;
exit (EXIT_FAILURE) ;
}
int piGpioLayout (void)
{
FILE *cpuFd ;
char line [120] ;
char *c ;
static int gpioLayout = -1 ;
if (gpioLayout != -1) // No point checking twice
return gpioLayout ;
if ((cpuFd = fopen ("/proc/cpuinfo", "r")) == NULL)
piGpioLayoutOops ("Unable to open /proc/cpuinfo") ;
// Start by looking for the Architecture to make sure we're really running
// on a Pi. I'm getting fed-up with people whinging at me because
// they can't get it to work on weirdFruitPi boards...
while (fgets (line, 120, cpuFd) != NULL)
if (strncmp (line, "Hardware", 8) == 0)
break ;
if (strncmp (line, "Hardware", 8) != 0)
piGpioLayoutOops ("No \"Hardware\" line") ;
if (wiringPiDebug)
printf ("piGpioLayout: Hardware: %s\n", line) ;
// See if it's BCM2708 or BCM2709 or the new BCM2835.
// OK. As of Kernel 4.8, we have BCM2835 only, regardless of model.
// However I still want to check because it will trap the cheapskates and rip-
// off merchants who want to use wiringPi on non-Raspberry Pi platforms - which
// I do not support so don't email me your bleating whinges about anything
// other than a genuine Raspberry Pi.
#ifdef DONT_CARE_ANYMORE
if (! (strstr (line, "BCM2708") || strstr (line, "BCM2709") || strstr (line, "BCM2835")))
{
fprintf (stderr, "Unable to determine hardware version. I see: %s,\n", line) ;
fprintf (stderr, " - expecting BCM2708, BCM2709 or BCM2835.\n") ;
fprintf (stderr, "If this is a genuine Raspberry Pi then please report this\n") ;
fprintf (stderr, "to projects@drogon.net. If this is not a Raspberry Pi then you\n") ;
fprintf (stderr, "are on your own as wiringPi is designed to support the\n") ;
fprintf (stderr, "Raspberry Pi ONLY.\n") ;
exit (EXIT_FAILURE) ;
}
#endif
// Actually... That has caused me more than 10,000 emails so-far. Mosty by
// people who think they know better by creating a statically linked
// version that will not run with a new 4.9 kernel. I utterly hate and
// despise those people.
//
// I also get bleats from people running other than Raspbian with another
// distros compiled kernel rather than a foundation compiled kernel, so
// this might actually help them. It might not - I only have the capacity
// to support Raspbian.
//
// However, I've decided to leave this check out and rely purely on the
// Revision: line for now. It will not work on a non-pi hardware or weird
// kernels that don't give you a suitable revision line.
// So - we're Probably on a Raspberry Pi. Check the revision field for the real
// hardware type
// In-future, I ought to use the device tree as there are now Pi entries in
// /proc/device-tree/ ...
// but I'll leave that for the next revision. Or the next.
// Isolate the Revision line
rewind (cpuFd) ;
while (fgets (line, 120, cpuFd) != NULL)
if (strncmp (line, "Revision", 8) == 0)
break ;
fclose (cpuFd) ;
if (strncmp (line, "Revision", 8) != 0)
piGpioLayoutOops ("No \"Revision\" line") ;
// Chomp trailing CR/NL
for (c = &line [strlen (line) - 1] ; (*c == '\n') || (*c == '\r') ; --c)
*c = 0 ;
if (wiringPiDebug)
printf ("piGpioLayout: Revision string: %s\n", line) ;
// Scan to the first character of the revision number
for (c = line ; *c ; ++c)
if (*c == ':')
break ;
if (*c != ':')
piGpioLayoutOops ("Bogus \"Revision\" line (no colon)") ;
// Chomp spaces
++c ;
while (isspace (*c))
++c ;
if (!isxdigit (*c))
piGpioLayoutOops ("Bogus \"Revision\" line (no hex digit at start of revision)") ;
// Make sure its long enough
if (strlen (c) < 4)
piGpioLayoutOops ("Bogus revision line (too small)") ;
// Isolate last 4 characters: (in-case of overvolting or new encoding scheme)
c = c + strlen (c) - 4 ;
if (wiringPiDebug)
printf ("piGpioLayout: last4Chars are: \"%s\"\n", c) ;
if ( (strcmp (c, "0002") == 0) || (strcmp (c, "0003") == 0))
gpioLayout = 1 ;
else
gpioLayout = 2 ; // Covers everything else from the B revision 2 to the B+, the Pi v2, v3, zero and CM's.
if (wiringPiDebug)
printf ("piGpioLayoutOops: Returning revision: %d\n", gpioLayout) ;
return gpioLayout ;
}
/*
* piBoardRev:
* Deprecated, but does the same as piGpioLayout
*********************************************************************************
*/
int piBoardRev (void)
{
return piGpioLayout () ;
}
/*
* piBoardId:
* Return the real details of the board we have.
*
* This is undocumented and really only intended for the GPIO command.
* Use at your own risk!
*
* Seems there are some boards with 0000 in them (mistake in manufacture)
* So the distinction between boards that I can see is:
*
* 0000 - Error
* 0001 - Not used
*
* Original Pi boards:
* 0002 - Model B, Rev 1, 256MB, Egoman
* 0003 - Model B, Rev 1.1, 256MB, Egoman, Fuses/D14 removed.
*
* Newer Pi's with remapped GPIO:
* 0004 - Model B, Rev 1.2, 256MB, Sony
* 0005 - Model B, Rev 1.2, 256MB, Egoman
* 0006 - Model B, Rev 1.2, 256MB, Egoman
*
* 0007 - Model A, Rev 1.2, 256MB, Egoman
* 0008 - Model A, Rev 1.2, 256MB, Sony
* 0009 - Model A, Rev 1.2, 256MB, Egoman
*
* 000d - Model B, Rev 1.2, 512MB, Egoman (Red Pi, Blue Pi?)
* 000e - Model B, Rev 1.2, 512MB, Sony
* 000f - Model B, Rev 1.2, 512MB, Egoman
*
* 0010 - Model B+, Rev 1.2, 512MB, Sony
* 0013 - Model B+ Rev 1.2, 512MB, Embest
* 0016 - Model B+ Rev 1.2, 512MB, Sony
* 0019 - Model B+ Rev 1.2, 512MB, Egoman
*
* 0011 - Pi CM, Rev 1.1, 512MB, Sony
* 0014 - Pi CM, Rev 1.1, 512MB, Embest
* 0017 - Pi CM, Rev 1.1, 512MB, Sony
* 001a - Pi CM, Rev 1.1, 512MB, Egoman
*
* 0012 - Model A+ Rev 1.1, 256MB, Sony
* 0015 - Model A+ Rev 1.1, 512MB, Embest
* 0018 - Model A+ Rev 1.1, 256MB, Sony
* 001b - Model A+ Rev 1.1, 256MB, Egoman
*
* A small thorn is the olde style overvolting - that will add in
* 1000000
*
* The Pi compute module has an revision of 0011 or 0014 - since we only
* check the last digit, then it's 1, therefore it'll default to not 2 or
* 3 for a Rev 1, so will appear as a Rev 2. This is fine for the most part, but
* we'll properly detect the Compute Module later and adjust accordingly.
*
* And then things changed with the introduction of the v2...
*
* For Pi v2 and subsequent models - e.g. the Zero:
*
* [USER:8] [NEW:1] [MEMSIZE:3] [MANUFACTURER:4] [PROCESSOR:4] [TYPE:8] [REV:4]
* NEW 23: will be 1 for the new scheme, 0 for the old scheme
* MEMSIZE 20: 0=256M 1=512M 2=1G
* MANUFACTURER 16: 0=SONY 1=EGOMAN 2=EMBEST
* PROCESSOR 12: 0=2835 1=2836
* TYPE 04: 0=MODELA 1=MODELB 2=MODELA+ 3=MODELB+ 4=Pi2 MODEL B 5=ALPHA 6=CM
* REV 00: 0=REV0 1=REV1 2=REV2
*********************************************************************************
*/
void piBoardId (int *model, int *rev, int *mem, int *maker, int *warranty)
{
FILE *cpuFd ;
char line [120] ;
char *c ;
unsigned int revision ;
int bRev, bType, bProc, bMfg, bMem, bWarranty ;
// Will deal with the properly later on - for now, lets just get it going...
// unsigned int modelNum ;
(void)piGpioLayout () ; // Call this first to make sure all's OK. Don't care about the result.
if ((cpuFd = fopen ("/proc/cpuinfo", "r")) == NULL)
piGpioLayoutOops ("Unable to open /proc/cpuinfo") ;
while (fgets (line, 120, cpuFd) != NULL)
if (strncmp (line, "Revision", 8) == 0)
break ;
fclose (cpuFd) ;
if (strncmp (line, "Revision", 8) != 0)
piGpioLayoutOops ("No \"Revision\" line") ;
// Chomp trailing CR/NL
for (c = &line [strlen (line) - 1] ; (*c == '\n') || (*c == '\r') ; --c)
*c = 0 ;
if (wiringPiDebug)
printf ("piBoardId: Revision string: %s\n", line) ;
// Need to work out if it's using the new or old encoding scheme:
// Scan to the first character of the revision number
for (c = line ; *c ; ++c)
if (*c == ':')
break ;
if (*c != ':')
piGpioLayoutOops ("Bogus \"Revision\" line (no colon)") ;
// Chomp spaces
++c ;
while (isspace (*c))
++c ;
if (!isxdigit (*c))
piGpioLayoutOops ("Bogus \"Revision\" line (no hex digit at start of revision)") ;
revision = (unsigned int)strtol (c, NULL, 16) ; // Hex number with no leading 0x
// Check for new way:
if ((revision & (1 << 23)) != 0) // New way
{
if (wiringPiDebug)
printf ("piBoardId: New Way: revision is: %08X\n", revision) ;
bRev = (revision & (0x0F << 0)) >> 0 ;
bType = (revision & (0xFF << 4)) >> 4 ;
bProc = (revision & (0x0F << 12)) >> 12 ; // Not used for now.
bMfg = (revision & (0x0F << 16)) >> 16 ;
bMem = (revision & (0x07 << 20)) >> 20 ;
bWarranty = (revision & (0x03 << 24)) != 0 ;
*model = bType ;
*rev = bRev ;
*mem = bMem ;
*maker = bMfg ;
*warranty = bWarranty ;
if (wiringPiDebug)
printf ("piBoardId: rev: %d, type: %d, proc: %d, mfg: %d, mem: %d, warranty: %d\n",
bRev, bType, bProc, bMfg, bMem, bWarranty) ;
}
else // Old way
{
if (wiringPiDebug)
printf ("piBoardId: Old Way: revision is: %s\n", c) ;
if (!isdigit (*c))
piGpioLayoutOops ("Bogus \"Revision\" line (no digit at start of revision)") ;
// Make sure its long enough
if (strlen (c) < 4)
piGpioLayoutOops ("Bogus \"Revision\" line (not long enough)") ;
// If longer than 4, we'll assume it's been overvolted
*warranty = strlen (c) > 4 ;
// Extract last 4 characters:
c = c + strlen (c) - 4 ;
// Fill out the replys as appropriate
/**/ if (strcmp (c, "0002") == 0) { *model = PI_MODEL_B ; *rev = PI_VERSION_1 ; *mem = 0 ; *maker = PI_MAKER_EGOMAN ; }
else if (strcmp (c, "0003") == 0) { *model = PI_MODEL_B ; *rev = PI_VERSION_1_1 ; *mem = 0 ; *maker = PI_MAKER_EGOMAN ; }
else if (strcmp (c, "0004") == 0) { *model = PI_MODEL_B ; *rev = PI_VERSION_1_2 ; *mem = 0 ; *maker = PI_MAKER_SONY ; }
else if (strcmp (c, "0005") == 0) { *model = PI_MODEL_B ; *rev = PI_VERSION_1_2 ; *mem = 0 ; *maker = PI_MAKER_EGOMAN ; }
else if (strcmp (c, "0006") == 0) { *model = PI_MODEL_B ; *rev = PI_VERSION_1_2 ; *mem = 0 ; *maker = PI_MAKER_EGOMAN ; }
else if (strcmp (c, "0007") == 0) { *model = PI_MODEL_A ; *rev = PI_VERSION_1_2 ; *mem = 0 ; *maker = PI_MAKER_EGOMAN ; }
else if (strcmp (c, "0008") == 0) { *model = PI_MODEL_A ; *rev = PI_VERSION_1_2 ; *mem = 0 ; *maker = PI_MAKER_SONY ; ; }
else if (strcmp (c, "0009") == 0) { *model = PI_MODEL_A ; *rev = PI_VERSION_1_2 ; *mem = 0 ; *maker = PI_MAKER_EGOMAN ; }
else if (strcmp (c, "000d") == 0) { *model = PI_MODEL_B ; *rev = PI_VERSION_1_2 ; *mem = 1 ; *maker = PI_MAKER_EGOMAN ; }
else if (strcmp (c, "000e") == 0) { *model = PI_MODEL_B ; *rev = PI_VERSION_1_2 ; *mem = 1 ; *maker = PI_MAKER_SONY ; }
else if (strcmp (c, "000f") == 0) { *model = PI_MODEL_B ; *rev = PI_VERSION_1_2 ; *mem = 1 ; *maker = PI_MAKER_EGOMAN ; }
else if (strcmp (c, "0010") == 0) { *model = PI_MODEL_BP ; *rev = PI_VERSION_1_2 ; *mem = 1 ; *maker = PI_MAKER_SONY ; }
else if (strcmp (c, "0013") == 0) { *model = PI_MODEL_BP ; *rev = PI_VERSION_1_2 ; *mem = 1 ; *maker = PI_MAKER_EMBEST ; }
else if (strcmp (c, "0016") == 0) { *model = PI_MODEL_BP ; *rev = PI_VERSION_1_2 ; *mem = 1 ; *maker = PI_MAKER_SONY ; }
else if (strcmp (c, "0019") == 0) { *model = PI_MODEL_BP ; *rev = PI_VERSION_1_2 ; *mem = 1 ; *maker = PI_MAKER_EGOMAN ; }
else if (strcmp (c, "0011") == 0) { *model = PI_MODEL_CM ; *rev = PI_VERSION_1_1 ; *mem = 1 ; *maker = PI_MAKER_SONY ; }
else if (strcmp (c, "0014") == 0) { *model = PI_MODEL_CM ; *rev = PI_VERSION_1_1 ; *mem = 1 ; *maker = PI_MAKER_EMBEST ; }
else if (strcmp (c, "0017") == 0) { *model = PI_MODEL_CM ; *rev = PI_VERSION_1_1 ; *mem = 1 ; *maker = PI_MAKER_SONY ; }
else if (strcmp (c, "001a") == 0) { *model = PI_MODEL_CM ; *rev = PI_VERSION_1_1 ; *mem = 1 ; *maker = PI_MAKER_EGOMAN ; }
else if (strcmp (c, "0012") == 0) { *model = PI_MODEL_AP ; *rev = PI_VERSION_1_1 ; *mem = 0 ; *maker = PI_MAKER_SONY ; }
else if (strcmp (c, "0015") == 0) { *model = PI_MODEL_AP ; *rev = PI_VERSION_1_1 ; *mem = 1 ; *maker = PI_MAKER_EMBEST ; }
else if (strcmp (c, "0018") == 0) { *model = PI_MODEL_AP ; *rev = PI_VERSION_1_1 ; *mem = 0 ; *maker = PI_MAKER_SONY ; }
else if (strcmp (c, "001b") == 0) { *model = PI_MODEL_AP ; *rev = PI_VERSION_1_1 ; *mem = 0 ; *maker = PI_MAKER_EGOMAN ; }
else { *model = 0 ; *rev = 0 ; *mem = 0 ; *maker = 0 ; }
}
}
/*
* wpiPinToGpio:
* Translate a wiringPi Pin number to native GPIO pin number.
* Provided for external support.
*********************************************************************************
*/
int wpiPinToGpio (int wpiPin)
{
return pinToGpio [wpiPin & 63] ;
}
/*
* physPinToGpio:
* Translate a physical Pin number to native GPIO pin number.
* Provided for external support.
*********************************************************************************
*/
int physPinToGpio (int physPin)
{
return physToGpio [physPin & 63] ;
}
/*
* setPadDrive:
* Set the PAD driver value
*********************************************************************************
*/
void setPadDrive (int group, int value)
{
uint32_t wrVal ;
if ((wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_PINS) || (wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_PHYS) || (wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_GPIO))
{
if ((group < 0) || (group > 2))
return ;
wrVal = BCM_PASSWORD | 0x18 | (value & 7) ;
*(pads + group + 11) = wrVal ;
if (wiringPiDebug)
{
printf ("setPadDrive: Group: %d, value: %d (%08X)\n", group, value, wrVal) ;
printf ("Read : %08X\n", *(pads + group + 11)) ;
}
}
}
/*
* getAlt:
* Returns the ALT bits for a given port. Only really of-use
* for the gpio readall command (I think)
*********************************************************************************
*/
int getAlt (int pin)
{
int fSel, shift, alt ;
pin &= 63 ;
/**/ if (wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_PINS)
pin = pinToGpio [pin] ;
else if (wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_PHYS)
pin = physToGpio [pin] ;
else if (wiringPiMode != WPI_MODE_GPIO)
return 0 ;
fSel = gpioToGPFSEL [pin] ;
shift = gpioToShift [pin] ;
alt = (*(gpio + fSel) >> shift) & 7 ;
return alt ;
}
/*
* pwmSetMode:
* Select the native "balanced" mode, or standard mark:space mode
*********************************************************************************
*/
void pwmSetMode (int mode)
{
if ((wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_PINS) || (wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_PHYS) || (wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_GPIO))
{
if (mode == PWM_MODE_MS)
*(pwm + PWM_CONTROL) = PWM0_ENABLE | PWM1_ENABLE | PWM0_MS_MODE | PWM1_MS_MODE ;
else
*(pwm + PWM_CONTROL) = PWM0_ENABLE | PWM1_ENABLE ;
}
}
/*
* pwmSetRange:
* Set the PWM range register. We set both range registers to the same
* value. If you want different in your own code, then write your own.
*********************************************************************************
*/
void pwmSetRange (unsigned int range)
{
if ((wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_PINS) || (wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_PHYS) || (wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_GPIO))
{
*(pwm + PWM0_RANGE) = range ; delayMicroseconds (10) ;
*(pwm + PWM1_RANGE) = range ; delayMicroseconds (10) ;
}
}
/*
* pwmSetClock:
* Set/Change the PWM clock. Originally my code, but changed
* (for the better!) by Chris Hall, <chris@kchall.plus.com>
* after further study of the manual and testing with a 'scope
*********************************************************************************
*/
void pwmSetClock (int divisor)
{
uint32_t pwm_control ;
divisor &= 4095 ;
if ((wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_PINS) || (wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_PHYS) || (wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_GPIO))
{
if (wiringPiDebug)
printf ("Setting to: %d. Current: 0x%08X\n", divisor, *(clk + PWMCLK_DIV)) ;
pwm_control = *(pwm + PWM_CONTROL) ; // preserve PWM_CONTROL
// We need to stop PWM prior to stopping PWM clock in MS mode otherwise BUSY
// stays high.
*(pwm + PWM_CONTROL) = 0 ; // Stop PWM
// Stop PWM clock before changing divisor. The delay after this does need to
// this big (95uS occasionally fails, 100uS OK), it's almost as though the BUSY
// flag is not working properly in balanced mode. Without the delay when DIV is
// adjusted the clock sometimes switches to very slow, once slow further DIV
// adjustments do nothing and it's difficult to get out of this mode.
*(clk + PWMCLK_CNTL) = BCM_PASSWORD | 0x01 ; // Stop PWM Clock
delayMicroseconds (110) ; // prevents clock going sloooow
while ((*(clk + PWMCLK_CNTL) & 0x80) != 0) // Wait for clock to be !BUSY
delayMicroseconds (1) ;
*(clk + PWMCLK_DIV) = BCM_PASSWORD | (divisor << 12) ;
*(clk + PWMCLK_CNTL) = BCM_PASSWORD | 0x11 ; // Start PWM clock
*(pwm + PWM_CONTROL) = pwm_control ; // restore PWM_CONTROL
if (wiringPiDebug)
printf ("Set to: %d. Now : 0x%08X\n", divisor, *(clk + PWMCLK_DIV)) ;
}
}
/*
* gpioClockSet:
* Set the frequency on a GPIO clock pin
*********************************************************************************
*/
void gpioClockSet (int pin, int freq)
{
int divi, divr, divf ;
pin &= 63 ;
/**/ if (wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_PINS)
pin = pinToGpio [pin] ;
else if (wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_PHYS)
pin = physToGpio [pin] ;
else if (wiringPiMode != WPI_MODE_GPIO)
return ;
divi = 19200000 / freq ;
divr = 19200000 % freq ;
divf = (int)((double)divr * 4096.0 / 19200000.0) ;
if (divi > 4095)
divi = 4095 ;
*(clk + gpioToClkCon [pin]) = BCM_PASSWORD | GPIO_CLOCK_SOURCE ; // Stop GPIO Clock
while ((*(clk + gpioToClkCon [pin]) & 0x80) != 0) // ... and wait
;
*(clk + gpioToClkDiv [pin]) = BCM_PASSWORD | (divi << 12) | divf ; // Set dividers
*(clk + gpioToClkCon [pin]) = BCM_PASSWORD | 0x10 | GPIO_CLOCK_SOURCE ; // Start Clock
}
/*
* wiringPiFindNode:
* Locate our device node
*********************************************************************************
*/
struct wiringPiNodeStruct *wiringPiFindNode (int pin)
{
struct wiringPiNodeStruct *node = wiringPiNodes ;
while (node != NULL)
if ((pin >= node->pinBase) && (pin <= node->pinMax))
return node ;
else
node = node->next ;
return NULL ;
}
/*
* wiringPiNewNode:
* Create a new GPIO node into the wiringPi handling system
*********************************************************************************
*/
static void pinModeDummy (UNU struct wiringPiNodeStruct *node, UNU int pin, UNU int mode) { return ; }
static void pullUpDnControlDummy (UNU struct wiringPiNodeStruct *node, UNU int pin, UNU int pud) { return ; }
static unsigned int digitalRead8Dummy (UNU struct wiringPiNodeStruct *node, UNU int UNU pin) { return 0 ; }
static void digitalWrite8Dummy (UNU struct wiringPiNodeStruct *node, UNU int pin, UNU int value) { return ; }
static int digitalReadDummy (UNU struct wiringPiNodeStruct *node, UNU int UNU pin) { return LOW ; }
static void digitalWriteDummy (UNU struct wiringPiNodeStruct *node, UNU int pin, UNU int value) { return ; }
static void pwmWriteDummy (UNU struct wiringPiNodeStruct *node, UNU int pin, UNU int value) { return ; }
static int analogReadDummy (UNU struct wiringPiNodeStruct *node, UNU int pin) { return 0 ; }
static void analogWriteDummy (UNU struct wiringPiNodeStruct *node, UNU int pin, UNU int value) { return ; }
struct wiringPiNodeStruct *wiringPiNewNode (int pinBase, int numPins)
{
int pin ;
struct wiringPiNodeStruct *node ;
// Minimum pin base is 64
if (pinBase < 64)
(void)wiringPiFailure (WPI_FATAL, "wiringPiNewNode: pinBase of %d is < 64\n", pinBase) ;
// Check all pins in-case there is overlap:
for (pin = pinBase ; pin < (pinBase + numPins) ; ++pin)
if (wiringPiFindNode (pin) != NULL)
(void)wiringPiFailure (WPI_FATAL, "wiringPiNewNode: Pin %d overlaps with existing definition\n", pin) ;
node = (struct wiringPiNodeStruct *)calloc (sizeof (struct wiringPiNodeStruct), 1) ; // calloc zeros
if (node == NULL)
(void)wiringPiFailure (WPI_FATAL, "wiringPiNewNode: Unable to allocate memory: %s\n", strerror (errno)) ;
node->pinBase = pinBase ;
node->pinMax = pinBase + numPins - 1 ;
node->pinMode = pinModeDummy ;
node->pullUpDnControl = pullUpDnControlDummy ;
node->digitalRead = digitalReadDummy ;
//node->digitalRead8 = digitalRead8Dummy ;
node->digitalWrite = digitalWriteDummy ;
//node->digitalWrite8 = digitalWrite8Dummy ;
node->pwmWrite = pwmWriteDummy ;
node->analogRead = analogReadDummy ;
node->analogWrite = analogWriteDummy ;
node->next = wiringPiNodes ;
wiringPiNodes = node ;
return node ;
}
#ifdef notYetReady
/*
* pinED01:
* pinED10:
* Enables edge-detect mode on a pin - from a 0 to a 1 or 1 to 0
* Pin must already be in input mode with appropriate pull up/downs set.
*********************************************************************************
*/
void pinEnableED01Pi (int pin)
{
pin = pinToGpio [pin & 63] ;
}
#endif
/*
*********************************************************************************
* Core Functions
*********************************************************************************
*/
/*
* pinModeAlt:
* This is an un-documented special to let you set any pin to any mode
*********************************************************************************
*/
void pinModeAlt (int pin, int mode)
{
int fSel, shift ;
setupCheck ("pinModeAlt") ;
if ((pin & PI_GPIO_MASK) == 0) // On-board pin
{
/**/ if (wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_PINS)
pin = pinToGpio [pin] ;
else if (wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_PHYS)
pin = physToGpio [pin] ;
else if (wiringPiMode != WPI_MODE_GPIO)
return ;
fSel = gpioToGPFSEL [pin] ;
shift = gpioToShift [pin] ;
*(gpio + fSel) = (*(gpio + fSel) & ~(7 << shift)) | ((mode & 0x7) << shift) ;
}
}
/*
* pinMode:
* Sets the mode of a pin to be input, output or PWM output
*********************************************************************************
*/
void pinMode (int pin, int mode)
{
int fSel, shift, alt ;
struct wiringPiNodeStruct *node = wiringPiNodes ;
int origPin = pin ;
setupCheck ("pinMode") ;
if ((pin & PI_GPIO_MASK) == 0) // On-board pin
{
/**/ if (wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_PINS)
pin = pinToGpio [pin] ;
else if (wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_PHYS)
pin = physToGpio [pin] ;
else if (wiringPiMode != WPI_MODE_GPIO)
return ;
softPwmStop (origPin) ;
softToneStop (origPin) ;
fSel = gpioToGPFSEL [pin] ;
shift = gpioToShift [pin] ;
/**/ if (mode == INPUT)
*(gpio + fSel) = (*(gpio + fSel) & ~(7 << shift)) ; // Sets bits to zero = input
else if (mode == OUTPUT)
*(gpio + fSel) = (*(gpio + fSel) & ~(7 << shift)) | (1 << shift) ;
else if (mode == SOFT_PWM_OUTPUT)
softPwmCreate (origPin, 0, 100) ;
else if (mode == SOFT_TONE_OUTPUT)
softToneCreate (origPin) ;
else if (mode == PWM_TONE_OUTPUT)
{
pinMode (origPin, PWM_OUTPUT) ; // Call myself to enable PWM mode
pwmSetMode (PWM_MODE_MS) ;
}
else if (mode == PWM_OUTPUT)
{
if ((alt = gpioToPwmALT [pin]) == 0) // Not a hardware capable PWM pin
return ;
usingGpioMemCheck ("pinMode PWM") ;
// Set pin to PWM mode
*(gpio + fSel) = (*(gpio + fSel) & ~(7 << shift)) | (alt << shift) ;
delayMicroseconds (110) ; // See comments in pwmSetClockWPi
pwmSetMode (PWM_MODE_BAL) ; // Pi default mode
pwmSetRange (1024) ; // Default range of 1024
pwmSetClock (32) ; // 19.2 / 32 = 600KHz - Also starts the PWM
}
else if (mode == GPIO_CLOCK)
{
if ((alt = gpioToGpClkALT0 [pin]) == 0) // Not a GPIO_CLOCK pin
return ;
usingGpioMemCheck ("pinMode CLOCK") ;
// Set pin to GPIO_CLOCK mode and set the clock frequency to 100KHz
*(gpio + fSel) = (*(gpio + fSel) & ~(7 << shift)) | (alt << shift) ;
delayMicroseconds (110) ;
gpioClockSet (pin, 100000) ;
}
}
else
{
if ((node = wiringPiFindNode (pin)) != NULL)
node->pinMode (node, pin, mode) ;
return ;
}
}
/*
* pullUpDownCtrl:
* Control the internal pull-up/down resistors on a GPIO pin.
*********************************************************************************
*/
void pullUpDnControl (int pin, int pud)
{
struct wiringPiNodeStruct *node = wiringPiNodes ;
setupCheck ("pullUpDnControl") ;
if ((pin & PI_GPIO_MASK) == 0) // On-Board Pin
{
/**/ if (wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_PINS)
pin = pinToGpio [pin] ;
else if (wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_PHYS)
pin = physToGpio [pin] ;
else if (wiringPiMode != WPI_MODE_GPIO)
return ;
*(gpio + GPPUD) = pud & 3 ; delayMicroseconds (5) ;
*(gpio + gpioToPUDCLK [pin]) = 1 << (pin & 31) ; delayMicroseconds (5) ;
*(gpio + GPPUD) = 0 ; delayMicroseconds (5) ;
*(gpio + gpioToPUDCLK [pin]) = 0 ; delayMicroseconds (5) ;
}
else // Extension module
{
if ((node = wiringPiFindNode (pin)) != NULL)
node->pullUpDnControl (node, pin, pud) ;
return ;
}
}
/*
* digitalRead:
* Read the value of a given Pin, returning HIGH or LOW
*********************************************************************************
*/
int digitalRead (int pin)
{
char c ;
struct wiringPiNodeStruct *node = wiringPiNodes ;
if ((pin & PI_GPIO_MASK) == 0) // On-Board Pin
{
/**/ if (wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_GPIO_SYS) // Sys mode
{
if (sysFds [pin] == -1)
return LOW ;
lseek (sysFds [pin], 0L, SEEK_SET) ;
read (sysFds [pin], &c, 1) ;
return (c == '0') ? LOW : HIGH ;
}
else if (wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_PINS)
pin = pinToGpio [pin] ;
else if (wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_PHYS)
pin = physToGpio [pin] ;
else if (wiringPiMode != WPI_MODE_GPIO)
return LOW ;
if ((*(gpio + gpioToGPLEV [pin]) & (1 << (pin & 31))) != 0)
return HIGH ;
else
return LOW ;
}
else
{
if ((node = wiringPiFindNode (pin)) == NULL)
return LOW ;
return node->digitalRead (node, pin) ;
}
}
/*
* digitalRead8:
* Read 8-bits (a byte) from given start pin.
*********************************************************************************
unsigned int digitalRead8 (int pin)
{
struct wiringPiNodeStruct *node = wiringPiNodes ;
if ((pin & PI_GPIO_MASK) == 0) // On-Board Pin
return 0 ;
else
{
if ((node = wiringPiFindNode (pin)) == NULL)
return LOW ;
return node->digitalRead8 (node, pin) ;
}
}
*/
/*
* digitalWrite:
* Set an output bit
*********************************************************************************
*/
void digitalWrite (int pin, int value)
{
struct wiringPiNodeStruct *node = wiringPiNodes ;
if ((pin & PI_GPIO_MASK) == 0) // On-Board Pin
{
/**/ if (wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_GPIO_SYS) // Sys mode
{
if (sysFds [pin] != -1)
{
if (value == LOW)
write (sysFds [pin], "0\n", 2) ;
else
write (sysFds [pin], "1\n", 2) ;
}
return ;
}
else if (wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_PINS)
pin = pinToGpio [pin] ;
else if (wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_PHYS)
pin = physToGpio [pin] ;
else if (wiringPiMode != WPI_MODE_GPIO)
return ;
if (value == LOW)
*(gpio + gpioToGPCLR [pin]) = 1 << (pin & 31) ;
else
*(gpio + gpioToGPSET [pin]) = 1 << (pin & 31) ;
}
else
{
if ((node = wiringPiFindNode (pin)) != NULL)
node->digitalWrite (node, pin, value) ;
}
}
/*
* digitalWrite8:
* Set an output 8-bit byte on the device from the given pin number
*********************************************************************************
void digitalWrite8 (int pin, int value)
{
struct wiringPiNodeStruct *node = wiringPiNodes ;
if ((pin & PI_GPIO_MASK) == 0) // On-Board Pin
return ;
else
{
if ((node = wiringPiFindNode (pin)) != NULL)
node->digitalWrite8 (node, pin, value) ;
}
}
*/
/*
* pwmWrite:
* Set an output PWM value
*********************************************************************************
*/
void pwmWrite (int pin, int value)
{
struct wiringPiNodeStruct *node = wiringPiNodes ;
setupCheck ("pwmWrite") ;
if ((pin & PI_GPIO_MASK) == 0) // On-Board Pin
{
/**/ if (wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_PINS)
pin = pinToGpio [pin] ;
else if (wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_PHYS)
pin = physToGpio [pin] ;
else if (wiringPiMode != WPI_MODE_GPIO)
return ;
usingGpioMemCheck ("pwmWrite") ;
*(pwm + gpioToPwmPort [pin]) = value ;
}
else
{
if ((node = wiringPiFindNode (pin)) != NULL)
node->pwmWrite (node, pin, value) ;
}
}
/*
* analogRead:
* Read the analog value of a given Pin.
* There is no on-board Pi analog hardware,
* so this needs to go to a new node.
*********************************************************************************
*/
int analogRead (int pin)
{
struct wiringPiNodeStruct *node = wiringPiNodes ;
if ((node = wiringPiFindNode (pin)) == NULL)
return 0 ;
else
return node->analogRead (node, pin) ;
}
/*
* analogWrite:
* Write the analog value to the given Pin.
* There is no on-board Pi analog hardware,
* so this needs to go to a new node.
*********************************************************************************
*/
void analogWrite (int pin, int value)
{
struct wiringPiNodeStruct *node = wiringPiNodes ;
if ((node = wiringPiFindNode (pin)) == NULL)
return ;
node->analogWrite (node, pin, value) ;
}
/*
* pwmToneWrite:
* Pi Specific.
* Output the given frequency on the Pi's PWM pin
*********************************************************************************
*/
void pwmToneWrite (int pin, int freq)
{
int range ;
setupCheck ("pwmToneWrite") ;
if (freq == 0)
pwmWrite (pin, 0) ; // Off
else
{
range = 600000 / freq ;
pwmSetRange (range) ;
pwmWrite (pin, freq / 2) ;
}
}
/*
* digitalWriteByte:
* digitalReadByte:
* Pi Specific
* Write an 8-bit byte to the first 8 GPIO pins - try to do it as
* fast as possible.
* However it still needs 2 operations to set the bits, so any external
* hardware must not rely on seeing a change as there will be a change
* to set the outputs bits to zero, then another change to set the 1's
* Reading is just bit fiddling.
* These are wiringPi pin numbers 0..7, or BCM_GPIO pin numbers
* 17, 18, 22, 23, 24, 24, 4 on a Pi v1 rev 0-3
* 17, 18, 27, 23, 24, 24, 4 on a Pi v1 rev 3 onwards or B+, 2, 3, zero
*********************************************************************************
*/
void digitalWriteByte (const int value)
{
uint32_t pinSet = 0 ;
uint32_t pinClr = 0 ;
int mask = 1 ;
int pin ;
/**/ if (wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_GPIO_SYS)
{
for (pin = 0 ; pin < 8 ; ++pin)
{
digitalWrite (pinToGpio [pin], value & mask) ;
mask <<= 1 ;
}
return ;
}
else
{
for (pin = 0 ; pin < 8 ; ++pin)
{
if ((value & mask) == 0)
pinClr |= (1 << pinToGpio [pin]) ;
else
pinSet |= (1 << pinToGpio [pin]) ;
mask <<= 1 ;
}
*(gpio + gpioToGPCLR [0]) = pinClr ;
*(gpio + gpioToGPSET [0]) = pinSet ;
}
}
unsigned int digitalReadByte (void)
{
int pin, x ;
uint32_t raw ;
uint32_t data = 0 ;
/**/ if (wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_GPIO_SYS)
{
for (pin = 0 ; pin < 8 ; ++pin)
{
x = digitalRead (pinToGpio [pin]) ;
data = (data << 1) | x ;
}
}
else
{
raw = *(gpio + gpioToGPLEV [0]) ; // First bank for these pins
for (pin = 0 ; pin < 8 ; ++pin)
{
x = pinToGpio [pin] ;
data = (data << 1) | (((raw & (1 << x)) == 0) ? 0 : 1) ;
}
}
return data ;
}
/*
* digitalWriteByte2:
* digitalReadByte2:
* Pi Specific
* Write an 8-bit byte to the second set of 8 GPIO pins. This is marginally
* faster than the first lot as these are consecutive BCM_GPIO pin numbers.
* However they overlap with the original read/write bytes.
*********************************************************************************
*/
void digitalWriteByte2 (const int value)
{
register int mask = 1 ;
register int pin ;
/**/ if (wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_GPIO_SYS)
{
for (pin = 20 ; pin < 28 ; ++pin)
{
digitalWrite (pin, value & mask) ;
mask <<= 1 ;
}
return ;
}
else
{
*(gpio + gpioToGPCLR [0]) = (~value & 0xFF) << 20 ; // 0x0FF00000; ILJ > CHANGE: Old causes glitch
*(gpio + gpioToGPSET [0]) = ( value & 0xFF) << 20 ;
}
}
unsigned int digitalReadByte2 (void)
{
int pin, x ;
uint32_t data = 0 ;
/**/ if (wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_GPIO_SYS)
{
for (pin = 20 ; pin < 28 ; ++pin)
{
x = digitalRead (pin) ;
data = (data << 1) | x ;
}
}
else
data = ((*(gpio + gpioToGPLEV [0])) >> 20) & 0xFF ; // First bank for these pins
return data ;
}
/*
* waitForInterrupt:
* Pi Specific.
* Wait for Interrupt on a GPIO pin.
* This is actually done via the /sys/class/gpio interface regardless of
* the wiringPi access mode in-use. Maybe sometime it might get a better
* way for a bit more efficiency.
*********************************************************************************
*/
int waitForInterrupt (int pin, int mS)
{
int fd, x ;
uint8_t c ;
struct pollfd polls ;
/**/ if (wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_PINS)
pin = pinToGpio [pin] ;
else if (wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_PHYS)
pin = physToGpio [pin] ;
if ((fd = sysFds [pin]) == -1)
return -2 ;
// Setup poll structure
polls.fd = fd ;
polls.events = POLLPRI | POLLERR ;
// Wait for it ...
x = poll (&polls, 1, mS) ;
// If no error, do a dummy read to clear the interrupt
// A one character read appars to be enough.
if (x > 0)
{
lseek (fd, 0, SEEK_SET) ; // Rewind
(void)read (fd, &c, 1) ; // Read & clear
}
return x ;
}
/*
* interruptHandler:
* This is a thread and gets started to wait for the interrupt we're
* hoping to catch. It will call the user-function when the interrupt
* fires.
*********************************************************************************
*/
static void *interruptHandler (UNU void *arg)
{
int myPin ;
(void)piHiPri (55) ; // Only effective if we run as root
myPin = pinPass ;
pinPass = -1 ;
for (;;)
if (waitForInterrupt (myPin, -1) > 0)
isrFunctions [myPin] () ;
return NULL ;
}
/*
* wiringPiISR:
* Pi Specific.
* Take the details and create an interrupt handler that will do a call-
* back to the user supplied function.
*********************************************************************************
*/
int wiringPiISR (int pin, int mode, void (*function)(void))
{
pthread_t threadId ;
const char *modeS ;
char fName [64] ;
char pinS [8] ;
pid_t pid ;
int count, i ;
char c ;
int bcmGpioPin ;
if ((pin < 0) || (pin > 63))
return wiringPiFailure (WPI_FATAL, "wiringPiISR: pin must be 0-63 (%d)\n", pin) ;
/**/ if (wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_UNINITIALISED)
return wiringPiFailure (WPI_FATAL, "wiringPiISR: wiringPi has not been initialised. Unable to continue.\n") ;
else if (wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_PINS)
bcmGpioPin = pinToGpio [pin] ;
else if (wiringPiMode == WPI_MODE_PHYS)
bcmGpioPin = physToGpio [pin] ;
else
bcmGpioPin = pin ;
// Now export the pin and set the right edge
// We're going to use the gpio program to do this, so it assumes
// a full installation of wiringPi. It's a bit 'clunky', but it
// is a way that will work when we're running in "Sys" mode, as
// a non-root user. (without sudo)
if (mode != INT_EDGE_SETUP)
{
/**/ if (mode == INT_EDGE_FALLING)
modeS = "falling" ;
else if (mode == INT_EDGE_RISING)
modeS = "rising" ;
else
modeS = "both" ;
sprintf (pinS, "%d", bcmGpioPin) ;
if ((pid = fork ()) < 0) // Fail
return wiringPiFailure (WPI_FATAL, "wiringPiISR: fork failed: %s\n", strerror (errno)) ;
if (pid == 0) // Child, exec
{
/**/ if (access ("/usr/local/bin/gpio", X_OK) == 0)
{
execl ("/usr/local/bin/gpio", "gpio", "edge", pinS, modeS, (char *)NULL) ;
return wiringPiFailure (WPI_FATAL, "wiringPiISR: execl failed: %s\n", strerror (errno)) ;
}
else if (access ("/usr/bin/gpio", X_OK) == 0)
{
execl ("/usr/bin/gpio", "gpio", "edge", pinS, modeS, (char *)NULL) ;
return wiringPiFailure (WPI_FATAL, "wiringPiISR: execl failed: %s\n", strerror (errno)) ;
}
else
return wiringPiFailure (WPI_FATAL, "wiringPiISR: Can't find gpio program\n") ;
}
else // Parent, wait
wait (NULL) ;
}
// Now pre-open the /sys/class node - but it may already be open if
// we are in Sys mode...
if (sysFds [bcmGpioPin] == -1)
{
sprintf (fName, "/sys/class/gpio/gpio%d/value", bcmGpioPin) ;
if ((sysFds [bcmGpioPin] = open (fName, O_RDWR)) < 0)
return wiringPiFailure (WPI_FATAL, "wiringPiISR: unable to open %s: %s\n", fName, strerror (errno)) ;
}
// Clear any initial pending interrupt
ioctl (sysFds [bcmGpioPin], FIONREAD, &count) ;
for (i = 0 ; i < count ; ++i)
read (sysFds [bcmGpioPin], &c, 1) ;
isrFunctions [pin] = function ;
pthread_mutex_lock (&pinMutex) ;
pinPass = pin ;
pthread_create (&threadId, NULL, interruptHandler, NULL) ;
while (pinPass != -1)
delay (1) ;
pthread_mutex_unlock (&pinMutex) ;
return 0 ;
}
/*
* initialiseEpoch:
* Initialise our start-of-time variable to be the current unix
* time in milliseconds and microseconds.
*********************************************************************************
*/
static void initialiseEpoch (void)
{
#ifdef OLD_WAY
struct timeval tv ;
gettimeofday (&tv, NULL) ;
epochMilli = (uint64_t)tv.tv_sec * (uint64_t)1000 + (uint64_t)(tv.tv_usec / 1000) ;
epochMicro = (uint64_t)tv.tv_sec * (uint64_t)1000000 + (uint64_t)(tv.tv_usec) ;
#else
struct timespec ts ;
clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW, &ts) ;
epochMilli = (uint64_t)ts.tv_sec * (uint64_t)1000 + (uint64_t)(ts.tv_nsec / 1000000L) ;
epochMicro = (uint64_t)ts.tv_sec * (uint64_t)1000000 + (uint64_t)(ts.tv_nsec / 1000L) ;
#endif
}
/*
* delay:
* Wait for some number of milliseconds
*********************************************************************************
*/
void delay (unsigned int howLong)
{
struct timespec sleeper, dummy ;
sleeper.tv_sec = (time_t)(howLong / 1000) ;
sleeper.tv_nsec = (long)(howLong % 1000) * 1000000 ;
nanosleep (&sleeper, &dummy) ;
}
/*
* delayMicroseconds:
* This is somewhat intersting. It seems that on the Pi, a single call
* to nanosleep takes some 80 to 130 microseconds anyway, so while
* obeying the standards (may take longer), it's not always what we
* want!
*
* So what I'll do now is if the delay is less than 100uS we'll do it
* in a hard loop, watching a built-in counter on the ARM chip. This is
* somewhat sub-optimal in that it uses 100% CPU, something not an issue
* in a microcontroller, but under a multi-tasking, multi-user OS, it's
* wastefull, however we've no real choice )-:
*
* Plan B: It seems all might not be well with that plan, so changing it
* to use gettimeofday () and poll on that instead...
*********************************************************************************
*/
void delayMicrosecondsHard (unsigned int howLong)
{
struct timeval tNow, tLong, tEnd ;
gettimeofday (&tNow, NULL) ;
tLong.tv_sec = howLong / 1000000 ;
tLong.tv_usec = howLong % 1000000 ;
timeradd (&tNow, &tLong, &tEnd) ;
while (timercmp (&tNow, &tEnd, <))
gettimeofday (&tNow, NULL) ;
}
void delayMicroseconds (unsigned int howLong)
{
struct timespec sleeper ;
unsigned int uSecs = howLong % 1000000 ;
unsigned int wSecs = howLong / 1000000 ;
/**/ if (howLong == 0)
return ;
else if (howLong < 100)
delayMicrosecondsHard (howLong) ;
else
{
sleeper.tv_sec = wSecs ;
sleeper.tv_nsec = (long)(uSecs * 1000L) ;
nanosleep (&sleeper, NULL) ;
}
}
/*
* millis:
* Return a number of milliseconds as an unsigned int.
* Wraps at 49 days.
*********************************************************************************
*/
unsigned int millis (void)
{
uint64_t now ;
#ifdef OLD_WAY
struct timeval tv ;
gettimeofday (&tv, NULL) ;
now = (uint64_t)tv.tv_sec * (uint64_t)1000 + (uint64_t)(tv.tv_usec / 1000) ;
#else
struct timespec ts ;
clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW, &ts) ;
now = (uint64_t)ts.tv_sec * (uint64_t)1000 + (uint64_t)(ts.tv_nsec / 1000000L) ;
#endif
return (uint32_t)(now - epochMilli) ;
}
/*
* micros:
* Return a number of microseconds as an unsigned int.
* Wraps after 71 minutes.
*********************************************************************************
*/
unsigned int micros (void)
{
uint64_t now ;
#ifdef OLD_WAY
struct timeval tv ;
gettimeofday (&tv, NULL) ;
now = (uint64_t)tv.tv_sec * (uint64_t)1000000 + (uint64_t)tv.tv_usec ;
#else
struct timespec ts ;
clock_gettime (CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW, &ts) ;
now = (uint64_t)ts.tv_sec * (uint64_t)1000000 + (uint64_t)(ts.tv_nsec / 1000) ;
#endif
return (uint32_t)(now - epochMicro) ;
}
/*
* wiringPiVersion:
* Return our current version number
*********************************************************************************
*/
void wiringPiVersion (int *major, int *minor)
{
*major = VERSION_MAJOR ;
*minor = VERSION_MINOR ;
}
/*
* wiringPiSetup:
* Must be called once at the start of your program execution.
*
* Default setup: Initialises the system into wiringPi Pin mode and uses the
* memory mapped hardware directly.
*
* Changed now to revert to "gpio" mode if we're running on a Compute Module.
*********************************************************************************
*/
int wiringPiSetup (void)
{
int fd ;
int model, rev, mem, maker, overVolted ;
// It's actually a fatal error to call any of the wiringPiSetup routines more than once,
// (you run out of file handles!) but I'm fed-up with the useless twats who email
// me bleating that there is a bug in my code, so screw-em.
if (wiringPiSetuped)
return 0 ;
wiringPiSetuped = TRUE ;
if (getenv (ENV_DEBUG) != NULL)
wiringPiDebug = TRUE ;
if (getenv (ENV_CODES) != NULL)
wiringPiReturnCodes = TRUE ;
if (wiringPiDebug)
printf ("wiringPi: wiringPiSetup called\n") ;
// Get the board ID information. We're not really using the information here,
// but it will give us information like the GPIO layout scheme (2 variants
// on the older 26-pin Pi's) and the GPIO peripheral base address.
// and if we're running on a compute module, then wiringPi pin numbers
// don't really many anything, so force native BCM mode anyway.
piBoardId (&model, &rev, &mem, &maker, &overVolted) ;
if ((model == PI_MODEL_CM) || (model == PI_MODEL_CM3))
wiringPiMode = WPI_MODE_GPIO ;
else
wiringPiMode = WPI_MODE_PINS ;
/**/ if (piGpioLayout () == 1) // A, B, Rev 1, 1.1
{
pinToGpio = pinToGpioR1 ;
physToGpio = physToGpioR1 ;
}
else // A2, B2, A+, B+, CM, Pi2, Pi3, Zero
{
pinToGpio = pinToGpioR2 ;
physToGpio = physToGpioR2 ;
}
// ...
switch (model)
{
case PI_MODEL_A: case PI_MODEL_B:
case PI_MODEL_AP: case PI_MODEL_BP:
case PI_ALPHA: case PI_MODEL_CM:
case PI_MODEL_ZERO: case PI_MODEL_ZERO_W:
piGpioBase = GPIO_PERI_BASE_OLD ;
break ;
default:
piGpioBase = GPIO_PERI_BASE_NEW ;
break ;
}
// Open the master /dev/ memory control device
// Device strategy: December 2016:
// Try /dev/mem. If that fails, then
// try /dev/gpiomem. If that fails then game over.
if ((fd = open ("/dev/mem", O_RDWR | O_SYNC | O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
{
if ((fd = open ("/dev/gpiomem", O_RDWR | O_SYNC | O_CLOEXEC) ) >= 0) // We're using gpiomem
{
piGpioBase = 0 ;
usingGpioMem = TRUE ;
}
else
return wiringPiFailure (WPI_ALMOST, "wiringPiSetup: Unable to open /dev/mem or /dev/gpiomem: %s.\n"
" Aborting your program because if it can not access the GPIO\n"
" hardware then it most certianly won't work\n"
" Try running with sudo?\n", strerror (errno)) ;
}
// Set the offsets into the memory interface.
GPIO_PADS = piGpioBase + 0x00100000 ;
GPIO_CLOCK_BASE = piGpioBase + 0x00101000 ;
GPIO_BASE = piGpioBase + 0x00200000 ;
GPIO_TIMER = piGpioBase + 0x0000B000 ;
GPIO_PWM = piGpioBase + 0x0020C000 ;
// Map the individual hardware components
// GPIO:
gpio = (uint32_t *)mmap(0, BLOCK_SIZE, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, GPIO_BASE) ;
if (gpio == MAP_FAILED)
return wiringPiFailure (WPI_ALMOST, "wiringPiSetup: mmap (GPIO) failed: %s\n", strerror (errno)) ;
// PWM
pwm = (uint32_t *)mmap(0, BLOCK_SIZE, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, GPIO_PWM) ;
if (pwm == MAP_FAILED)
return wiringPiFailure (WPI_ALMOST, "wiringPiSetup: mmap (PWM) failed: %s\n", strerror (errno)) ;
// Clock control (needed for PWM)
clk = (uint32_t *)mmap(0, BLOCK_SIZE, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, GPIO_CLOCK_BASE) ;
if (clk == MAP_FAILED)
return wiringPiFailure (WPI_ALMOST, "wiringPiSetup: mmap (CLOCK) failed: %s\n", strerror (errno)) ;
// The drive pads
pads = (uint32_t *)mmap(0, BLOCK_SIZE, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, GPIO_PADS) ;
if (pads == MAP_FAILED)
return wiringPiFailure (WPI_ALMOST, "wiringPiSetup: mmap (PADS) failed: %s\n", strerror (errno)) ;
// The system timer
timer = (uint32_t *)mmap(0, BLOCK_SIZE, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, GPIO_TIMER) ;
if (timer == MAP_FAILED)
return wiringPiFailure (WPI_ALMOST, "wiringPiSetup: mmap (TIMER) failed: %s\n", strerror (errno)) ;
// Set the timer to free-running, 1MHz.
// 0xF9 is 249, the timer divide is base clock / (divide+1)
// so base clock is 250MHz / 250 = 1MHz.
*(timer + TIMER_CONTROL) = 0x0000280 ;
*(timer + TIMER_PRE_DIV) = 0x00000F9 ;
timerIrqRaw = timer + TIMER_IRQ_RAW ;
// Export the base addresses for any external software that might need them
_wiringPiGpio = gpio ;
_wiringPiPwm = pwm ;
_wiringPiClk = clk ;
_wiringPiPads = pads ;
_wiringPiTimer = timer ;
initialiseEpoch () ;
return 0 ;
}
/*
* wiringPiSetupGpio:
* Must be called once at the start of your program execution.
*
* GPIO setup: Initialises the system into GPIO Pin mode and uses the
* memory mapped hardware directly.
*********************************************************************************
*/
int wiringPiSetupGpio (void)
{
(void)wiringPiSetup () ;
if (wiringPiDebug)
printf ("wiringPi: wiringPiSetupGpio called\n") ;
wiringPiMode = WPI_MODE_GPIO ;
return 0 ;
}
/*
* wiringPiSetupPhys:
* Must be called once at the start of your program execution.
*
* Phys setup: Initialises the system into Physical Pin mode and uses the
* memory mapped hardware directly.
*********************************************************************************
*/
int wiringPiSetupPhys (void)
{
(void)wiringPiSetup () ;
if (wiringPiDebug)
printf ("wiringPi: wiringPiSetupPhys called\n") ;
wiringPiMode = WPI_MODE_PHYS ;
return 0 ;
}
/*
* wiringPiSetupSys:
* Must be called once at the start of your program execution.
*
* Initialisation (again), however this time we are using the /sys/class/gpio
* interface to the GPIO systems - slightly slower, but always usable as
* a non-root user, assuming the devices are already exported and setup correctly.
*/
int wiringPiSetupSys (void)
{
int pin ;
char fName [128] ;
if (wiringPiSetuped)
return 0 ;
wiringPiSetuped = TRUE ;
if (getenv (ENV_DEBUG) != NULL)
wiringPiDebug = TRUE ;
if (getenv (ENV_CODES) != NULL)
wiringPiReturnCodes = TRUE ;
if (wiringPiDebug)
printf ("wiringPi: wiringPiSetupSys called\n") ;
if (piGpioLayout () == 1)
{
pinToGpio = pinToGpioR1 ;
physToGpio = physToGpioR1 ;
}
else
{
pinToGpio = pinToGpioR2 ;
physToGpio = physToGpioR2 ;
}
// Open and scan the directory, looking for exported GPIOs, and pre-open
// the 'value' interface to speed things up for later
for (pin = 0 ; pin < 64 ; ++pin)
{
sprintf (fName, "/sys/class/gpio/gpio%d/value", pin) ;
sysFds [pin] = open (fName, O_RDWR) ;
}
initialiseEpoch () ;
wiringPiMode = WPI_MODE_GPIO_SYS ;
return 0 ;
}
当然wiringPi库不止这些代码，下面是源码包的下载地址：
https://download.csdn.net/download/qq_27320195/12579800
我把这个代码共享出来，并没有违背作者的本意，他本来就是开源的，他之所以停止支持，是因为很多人，特别是初学者去不停的骚扰他，有的还骂他。
关于GPL
GPL是一个开源协议，它要求：如果你使用了开源代码，你的代码必须开源，否则该组织可以提取讼诉。我们使用了开源，但是好像也没有把我们的代码公开出去，那是因为我们是个人开发，像华为这种公司就不能这么干。
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