13_ElasticSearch multi_match+most fiels策略进行multi-field搜索

13_ElasticSearch multi_match+most fiels策略进行multi-field搜索

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• ElasticSearch 笔记

概述

• 从best-fields换成most-fields策略
• best-fields策略，主要是说将某一个field匹配尽可能多的关键词的doc优先返回回来
• most-fields策略，主要是说尽可能返回更多field匹配到某个关键词的doc，优先返回回来

与best_fields的区别

1、best_fields

是对多个field进行搜索，挑选某个field匹配度最高的那个分数，同时在多个query最高分相同的情况下，在一定程度上考虑其他query的分数。简单来说，你对多个field进行搜索，就想搜索到某一个field尽可能包含更多关键字的数据

• 优点：通过best_fields策略，以及综合考虑其他field，还有minimum_should_match支持，可以尽可能精准地将匹配的结果推送到最前面
• 缺点：除了那些精准匹配的结果，其他差不多大的结果，排序结果不是太均匀，没有什么区分度了
• 实际的例子：百度之类的搜索引擎，最匹配的到最前面，但是其他的就没什么区分度了

2、most_fields，综合多个field一起进行搜索，尽可能多地让所有field的query参与到总分数的计算中来，此时就会是个大杂烩，出现类似best_fields案例最开始的那个结果，结果不一定精准，某一个document的一个field包含更多的关键字，但是因为其他document有更多field匹配到了，所以排在了前面；所以需要建立类似sub_title.std这样的field，尽可能让某一个field精准匹配query string，贡献更高的分数，将更精准匹配的数据排到前面

• 优点：将尽可能匹配更多field的结果推送到最前面，整个排序结果是比较均匀的
• 缺点：可能那些精准匹配的结果，无法推送到最前面
• 实际的例子：wiki，明显的most_fields策略，搜索结果比较均匀，但是的确要翻好几页才能找到最匹配的结果

例子

查看分词：

POST /forum/_mapping/article
{
  "properties": {
      "sub_title": { 
          "type":     "string",
          "analyzer": "english",
          "fields": {
              "std":   { 
                  "type":     "string",
                  "analyzer": "standard"
              }
          }
      }
  }
}

1."analyzer": "english"

• 为什么，因为如果我们用的是类似于english analyzer这种分词器的话，就会将单词还原为其最基本的形态，stemmer
• learning --> learn
• learned --> learn
• courses --> course
• sub_titile: learning coureses --> learn course

2."analyzer": "standard"

• 不会将单词还原

增加 sub_titile 字段

POST /forum/article/_bulk
{ "update": { "_id": "1"} }
{ "doc" : {"sub_title" : "learning more courses"} }
{ "update": { "_id": "2"} }
{ "doc" : {"sub_title" : "learned a lot of course"} }
{ "update": { "_id": "3"} }
{ "doc" : {"sub_title" : "we have a lot of fun"} }
{ "update": { "_id": "4"} }
{ "doc" : {"sub_title" : "both of them are good"} }
{ "update": { "_id": "5"} }
{ "doc" : {"sub_title" : "haha, hello world"} }

查询：

GET /forum/article/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "sub_title": "learning courses"
    }
  }
}

结果：

{
  "took": 3,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 2,
    "max_score": 1.219939,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "forum",
        "_type": "article",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 1.219939,
        "_source": {
          "articleID": "KDKE-B-9947-#kL5",
          "userID": 1,
          "hidden": false,
          "postDate": "2017-01-02",
          "tag": [
            "java"
          ],
          "tag_cnt": 1,
          "view_cnt": 50,
          "title": "this is java blog",
          "content": "i think java is the best programming language",
          "sub_title": "learned a lot of course"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "forum",
        "_type": "article",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 0.5063205,
        "_source": {
          "articleID": "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3",
          "userID": 1,
          "hidden": false,
          "postDate": "2017-01-01",
          "tag": [
            "java",
            "hadoop"
          ],
          "tag_cnt": 2,
          "view_cnt": 30,
          "title": "this is java and elasticsearch blog",
          "content": "i like to write best elasticsearch article",
          "sub_title": "learning more courses"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

分析

• sub_title用的是enligsh analyzer，所以还原了单词

• 为什么，因为如果我们用的是类似于english analyzer这种分词器的话，就会将单词还原为其最基本的形态，stemmer

• learning --> learn

• learned --> learn

• courses --> course

• sub_titile: learning coureses --> learn course

{ "doc" : {"sub_title" : "learned a lot of course"} }，就排在了{ "doc" : {"sub_title" : "learning more courses"} }的前面

使用默认分词器查询（enligsh analyzer）：

GET /forum/article/_search
{
   "query": {
        "match": {
            "sub_title": "learning courses"
        }
    }
}

同时使用两个分词器查询

GET /forum/article/_search
{
   "query": {
        "multi_match": {
            "query":  "learning courses",
            "type":   "most_fields", 
            "fields": [ "sub_title", "sub_title.std" ]
        }
    }
}

{
  "took": 2,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 2,
    "max_score": 1.219939,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "forum",
        "_type": "article",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 1.219939,
        "_source": {
          "articleID": "KDKE-B-9947-#kL5",
          "userID": 1,
          "hidden": false,
          "postDate": "2017-01-02",
          "tag": [
            "java"
          ],
          "tag_cnt": 1,
          "view_cnt": 50,
          "title": "this is java blog",
          "content": "i think java is the best programming language",
          "sub_title": "learned a lot of course"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "forum",
        "_type": "article",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 1.012641,
        "_source": {
          "articleID": "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3",
          "userID": 1,
          "hidden": false,
          "postDate": "2017-01-01",
          "tag": [
            "java",
            "hadoop"
          ],
          "tag_cnt": 2,
          "view_cnt": 30,
          "title": "this is java and elasticsearch blog",
          "content": "i like to write best elasticsearch article",
          "sub_title": "learning more courses"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

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