13_ElasticSearch multi_match+most fiels策略进行multi-field搜索
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概述
- 从best-fields换成most-fields策略
- best-fields策略,主要是说将某一个field匹配尽可能多的关键词的doc优先返回回来
- most-fields策略,主要是说尽可能返回更多field匹配到某个关键词的doc,优先返回回来
与best_fields的区别
1、best_fields
是对多个field进行搜索,挑选某个field匹配度最高的那个分数,同时在多个query最高分相同的情况下,在一定程度上考虑其他query的分数。简单来说,你对多个field进行搜索,就想搜索到某一个field尽可能包含更多关键字的数据
- 优点:通过best_fields策略,以及综合考虑其他field,还有minimum_should_match支持,可以尽可能精准地将匹配的结果推送到最前面
- 缺点:除了那些精准匹配的结果,其他差不多大的结果,排序结果不是太均匀,没有什么区分度了
- 实际的例子:百度之类的搜索引擎,最匹配的到最前面,但是其他的就没什么区分度了
2、most_fields,综合多个field一起进行搜索,尽可能多地让所有field的query参与到总分数的计算中来,此时就会是个大杂烩,出现类似best_fields案例最开始的那个结果,结果不一定精准,某一个document的一个field包含更多的关键字,但是因为其他document有更多field匹配到了,所以排在了前面;所以需要建立类似sub_title.std这样的field,尽可能让某一个field精准匹配query string,贡献更高的分数,将更精准匹配的数据排到前面
- 优点:将尽可能匹配更多field的结果推送到最前面,整个排序结果是比较均匀的
- 缺点:可能那些精准匹配的结果,无法推送到最前面
- 实际的例子:wiki,明显的most_fields策略,搜索结果比较均匀,但是的确要翻好几页才能找到最匹配的结果
例子
查看分词:
POST /forum/_mapping/article
{
"properties": {
"sub_title": {
"type": "string",
"analyzer": "english",
"fields": {
"std": {
"type": "string",
"analyzer": "standard"
}
}
}
}
}
1."analyzer": "english"
- 为什么,因为如果我们用的是类似于english analyzer这种分词器的话,就会将单词还原为其最基本的形态,stemmer
- learning --> learn
- learned --> learn
- courses --> course
- sub_titile: learning coureses --> learn course
2."analyzer": "standard"
- 不会将单词还原
增加 sub_titile 字段
POST /forum/article/_bulk
{ "update": { "_id": "1"} }
{ "doc" : {"sub_title" : "learning more courses"} }
{ "update": { "_id": "2"} }
{ "doc" : {"sub_title" : "learned a lot of course"} }
{ "update": { "_id": "3"} }
{ "doc" : {"sub_title" : "we have a lot of fun"} }
{ "update": { "_id": "4"} }
{ "doc" : {"sub_title" : "both of them are good"} }
{ "update": { "_id": "5"} }
{ "doc" : {"sub_title" : "haha, hello world"} }
查询:
GET /forum/article/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"sub_title": "learning courses"
}
}
}
结果:
{
"took": 3,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 2,
"max_score": 1.219939,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "forum",
"_type": "article",
"_id": "2",
"_score": 1.219939,
"_source": {
"articleID": "KDKE-B-9947-#kL5",
"userID": 1,
"hidden": false,
"postDate": "2017-01-02",
"tag": [
"java"
],
"tag_cnt": 1,
"view_cnt": 50,
"title": "this is java blog",
"content": "i think java is the best programming language",
"sub_title": "learned a lot of course"
}
},
{
"_index": "forum",
"_type": "article",
"_id": "1",
"_score": 0.5063205,
"_source": {
"articleID": "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3",
"userID": 1,
"hidden": false,
"postDate": "2017-01-01",
"tag": [
"java",
"hadoop"
],
"tag_cnt": 2,
"view_cnt": 30,
"title": "this is java and elasticsearch blog",
"content": "i like to write best elasticsearch article",
"sub_title": "learning more courses"
}
}
]
}
}
分析
sub_title用的是enligsh analyzer,所以还原了单词
为什么,因为如果我们用的是类似于english analyzer这种分词器的话,就会将单词还原为其最基本的形态,stemmer
learning --> learn
learned --> learn
courses --> course
sub_titile: learning coureses --> learn course
{ "doc" : {"sub_title" : "learned a lot of course"} },就排在了{ "doc" : {"sub_title" : "learning more courses"} }的前面
使用默认分词器查询(enligsh analyzer):
GET /forum/article/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"sub_title": "learning courses"
}
}
}
同时使用两个分词器查询
GET /forum/article/_search
{
"query": {
"multi_match": {
"query": "learning courses",
"type": "most_fields",
"fields": [ "sub_title", "sub_title.std" ]
}
}
}
{
"took": 2,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 5,
"successful": 5,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 2,
"max_score": 1.219939,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "forum",
"_type": "article",
"_id": "2",
"_score": 1.219939,
"_source": {
"articleID": "KDKE-B-9947-#kL5",
"userID": 1,
"hidden": false,
"postDate": "2017-01-02",
"tag": [
"java"
],
"tag_cnt": 1,
"view_cnt": 50,
"title": "this is java blog",
"content": "i think java is the best programming language",
"sub_title": "learned a lot of course"
}
},
{
"_index": "forum",
"_type": "article",
"_id": "1",
"_score": 1.012641,
"_source": {
"articleID": "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3",
"userID": 1,
"hidden": false,
"postDate": "2017-01-01",
"tag": [
"java",
"hadoop"
],
"tag_cnt": 2,
"view_cnt": 30,
"title": "this is java and elasticsearch blog",
"content": "i like to write best elasticsearch article",
"sub_title": "learning more courses"
}
}
]
}
}