R语言t分布

在概率论和统计学中，t-分布（t-distribution）用于根据小样本来估计呈正态分布且方差未知的总体的均值。如果总体方差已知（例如在样本数量足够多时），则应该用正态分布来估计总体均值。

t分布曲线形态与n（确切地说与自由度df）大小有关。与标准正态分布曲线相比，自由度df越小，t分布曲线愈平坦，曲线中间愈低，曲线双侧尾部翘得愈高；自由度df愈大，t分布曲线愈接近正态分布曲线，当自由度df=∞时，t分布曲线为标准正态分布曲线。

 

The Student t Distribution

Description

Density, distribution function, quantile function and random generation for the t distribution with df degrees of freedom (and optional non-centrality parameter ncp).

Usage

dt(x, df, ncp, log = FALSE)
pt(q, df, ncp, lower.tail = TRUE, log.p = FALSE)
qt(p, df, ncp, lower.tail = TRUE, log.p = FALSE)
rt(n, df, ncp)

Arguments

x, q	vector of quantiles.
p	vector of probabilities.
n	number of observations. If length(n) > 1, the length is taken to be the number required.
df	degrees of freedom (> 0, maybe non-integer). df = Inf is allowed.
ncp	non-centrality parameter delta; currently except for rt(), only for abs(ncp) <= 37.62. If omitted, use the central t distribution.
log, log.p	logical; if TRUE, probabilities p are given as log(p).
lower.tail	logical; if TRUE (default), probabilities are P[X ≤ x], otherwise, P[X > x].

####t分布
# 1.t分布中抽样函数rt
# location：x0; scale:gamma
n = 100
df <- 10
rt(n, df=df)

# 2.t分布概率密度函数
x <- seq(-10,10,0.1)
y <- dt(x,df)
plot(x,y)

# 3.t分布累积概率
# x <- seq(-20,20,0.1)
# plot(x,dt(x,df))
# P[X ≤ x]
pt(1,df=df)
# P[X > x]
pt(1,df=df,lower.tail = FALSE)

# probabilities p are given as log(p).
pt(1,df=df,log.p = TRUE)

# 4.qt函数(pt的反函数)
# 累积概率为0.95时的x值
# x <- seq(-10,10,0.1)
# plot(x,pt(x,df))
qt(0.95, df=df)
qt(0.995, df=df)