python logging日志模块以及多进程日志

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-11 13:40:03 发布

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本篇文章主要对 python logging 的介绍加深理解。更主要是讨论在多进程环境下如何使用logging 来输出日志，如何安全地切分日志文件。
原出处博客

1. logging日志模块介绍

python的logging模块提供了灵活的标准模块，使得任何Python程序都可以使用这个第三方模块来实现日志记录。python logging 官方文档

logging框架中主要由四个部分组成：

Loggers: 可供程序直接调用的接口
Handlers: 决定将日志记录分配至正确的目的地
Filters: 提供更细粒度的日志是否输出的判断
Formatters: 制定最终记录打印的格式布局

2. logging的组成

loggers

loggers 就是程序可以直接调用的一个日志接口，可以直接向logger写入日志信息。logger并不是直接实例化使用的，而是通过logging.getLogger(name)来获取对象，事实上logger对象是单例模式，logging是多线程安全的，也就是无论程序中哪里需要打日志获取到的logger对象都是同一个。但是不幸的是logger并不支持多进程，这个在后面的章节再解释，并给出一些解决方案。
【注意】loggers对象是有父子关系的，当没有父logger对象时它的父对象是root，当拥有父对象时父子关系会被修正。举个例子logging.getLogger("abc.xyz")会创建两个logger对象，一个是abc父对象，一个是xyz子对象，同时abc没有父对象所以它的父对象是root。但是实际上abc是一个占位对象（虚的日志对象），可以没有handler来处理日志。但是root不是占位对象，如果某一个日志对象打日志时，它的父对象会同时收到日志，所以有些使用者发现创建了一个logger对象时会打两遍日志，就是因为他创建的logger打了一遍日志，同时root对象也打了一遍日志。

每个logger都有一个日志的级别。logging中定义了如下级别

Level	Numeric value
NOTSET	0
DEBUG	10
INFO	20
WARNING	30
ERROR	40
CRITICAL	50

当一个logger收到日志信息后先判断是否符合level，如果决定要处理就将信息传递给Handlers进行处理。

Handlers

Handlers 将logger发过来的信息进行准确地分配，送往正确的地方。举个栗子，送往控制台或者文件或者both或者其他地方(进程管道之类的)。它决定了每个日志的行为，是之后需要配置的重点区域。

每个Handler同样有一个日志级别，一个logger可以拥有多个handler也就是说logger可以根据不同的日志级别将日志传递给不同的handler。当然也可以相同的级别传递给多个handlers这就根据需求来灵活的设置了。

Filters

Filters 提供了更细粒度的判断，来决定日志是否需要打印。原则上handler获得一个日志就必定会根据级别被统一处理，但是如果handler拥有一个Filter可以对日志进行额外的处理和判断。例如Filter能够对来自特定源的日志进行拦截or修改甚至修改其日志级别（修改后再进行级别判断）。

logger和handler都可以安装filter甚至可以安装多个filter串联起来。

Formatters

Formatters 指定了最终某条记录打印的格式布局。Formatter会将传递来的信息拼接成一条具体的字符串，默认情况下Format只会将信息%(message)s直接打印出来。Format中有一些自带的LogRecord属性可以使用，如下表格:

Attribute	Format	Description
asctime	%(asctime)s	将日志的时间构造成可读的形式，默认情况下是‘2016-02-08 12:00:00,123’精确到毫秒
filename	%(filename)s	包含path的文件名
funcName	%(funcName)s	由哪个function发出的log
levelname	%(levelname)s	日志的最终等级（被filter修改后的）
message	%(message)s	日志信息
lineno	%(lineno)d	当前日志的行号
pathname	%(pathname)s	完整路径
process	%(process)s	当前进程
thread	%(thread)s	当前线程

一个Handler只能拥有一个Formatter 因此如果要实现多种格式的输出只能用多个Handler来实现。

3. logging 配置

简易配置

首先在 loggers 章节里说明了一点，我们拥有一个缺省的日志对象root，这个root日志对象的好处是我们直接可以使用logging来进行配置和打日志。例如：

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,filename='logger.log')
logging.info("info message")

所以这里的简易配置所指的就是root日志对象，随拿随用。每个logger都是单例对象所以配置过一遍之后程序内任何地方调用都可以。我们只需要调用basicConfig就可以对root日志对象进行简易的配置，事实上这种方式相当有效易用。它使得调用任何logger时保证至少一定会有一个Handler能够处理日志。
简易配置大致可以这么设置：

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,
         format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s',
         datefmt='[%Y-%m_%d %H:%M:%S]',
         filename='../log/my.log',
         filemode='a')

代码配置

另一种更加细致地设置方式是在代码中配置，但这种设置方式是使用的最少的方式，毕竟谁也不希望把设置写死到代码里面去。但是这里也稍微介绍一下，虽然用的不多，在必要的时候也可以用一把。(以后补上)

配置文件配置

python中logging的配置文件是基于ConfigParser的功能。也就是说配置文件的格式也是按照这种方式来编写。先奉上一个比较一般的配置文件再细说

##############################################
[loggers]
keys=root, log02

[logger_root]
level=INFO
handlers=handler01


[logger_log02]
level=DEBUG
handler=handler02
qualname=log02
##############################################
[handlers]
keys=handler01,handler02

[handler_handler01]
class=FileHandler
level=INFO
formatter=form01
args=('../log/cv_parser_gm_server.log',"a")

[handler_handler02]
class=StreamHandler
level=NOTSET
formatter=form01
args=(sys.stdout,)
##############################################
[formatters]
keys=form01,form02

[formatter_form01]
format=%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(process)d %(message)s
datefmt=[%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S]

[formatter_form02]
format=(message)s
##############################################

相信看一遍以后，也找出规律了，我将几个大块用#分了出来。每一个logger或者handler或者formatter都有一个key名字。以logger为例，首先需要在[loggers]配置中加上key名字代表了这个logger。然后用[loggers_xxxx]其中xxxx为key名来具体配置这个logger，在log02中我配置了level和一个handler名，当然你可以配置多个hander。根据这个handler名再去 [handlers]里面去找具体handler的配置，以此类推。
然后在代码中，这样加载配置文件即可：

logging.config.fileConfig(log_conf_file)

在handler中有一个class配置，可能有些读者并不是很懂。其实这个是logging里面原先就写好的一些handler类，你可以在这里直接调用。class指向的类相当于具体处理的Handler的执行者。在logging的文档中可以知道这里所有的Handler类都是线程安全的，大家可以放心使用。那么问题就来了，如果多进程怎么办呢。在下一章我主要就是重写Handler类，来实现在多进程环境下使用logging。我们自己重写或者全部新建一个Handler类，然后将class配置指向自己的Handler类就可以加载自己重写的Handler了。

4. logging遇到多进程（important）

这部分其实是我写这篇文章的初衷。python中由于某种历史原因，多线程的性能基本可以无视。所以一般情况下python要实现并行操作或者并行计算的时候都是使用多进程。但是 python 中logging 并不支持多进程，所以会遇到不少麻烦。
本次就以 TimedRotatingFileHandler 这个类的问题作为例子。这个Handler本来的作用是：按天切割日志文件。（当天的文件是xxxx.log 昨天的文件是xxxx.log.2016-06-01）。这样的好处是，一来可以按天来查找日志，二来可以让日志文件不至于非常大, 过期日志也可以按天删除。
但是问题来了，如果是用多进程来输出日志，则只有一个进程会切换，其他进程会在原来的文件中继续打，还有可能某些进程切换的时候早就有别的进程在新的日志文件里打入东西了，那么他会无情删掉之，再建立新的日志文件。反正将会很乱很乱，完全没法开心的玩耍。
所以这里就想了几个办法来解决多进程logging问题

原因

在解决之前，我们先看看为什么会导致这样的原因。
先将 TimedRotatingFileHandler 的源代码贴上来，这部分是切换时所作的操作：

    def doRollover(self):
        """
        do a rollover; in this case, a date/time stamp is appended to the filename
        when the rollover happens.  However, you want the file to be named for the
        start of the interval, not the current time.  If there is a backup count,
        then we have to get a list of matching filenames, sort them and remove
        the one with the oldest suffix.
        """
        if self.stream:
            self.stream.close()
            self.stream = None
        # get the time that this sequence started at and make it a TimeTuple
        currentTime = int(time.time())
        dstNow = time.localtime(currentTime)[-1]
        t = self.rolloverAt - self.interval
        if self.utc:
            timeTuple = time.gmtime(t)
        else:
            timeTuple = time.localtime(t)
            dstThen = timeTuple[-1]
            if dstNow != dstThen:
                if dstNow:
                    addend = 3600
                else:
                    addend = -3600
                timeTuple = time.localtime(t + addend)
        dfn = self.baseFilename + "." + time.strftime(self.suffix, timeTuple)
        if os.path.exists(dfn):
            os.remove(dfn)
        # Issue 18940: A file may not have been created if delay is True.
        if os.path.exists(self.baseFilename):
            os.rename(self.baseFilename, dfn)
        if self.backupCount > 0:
            for s in self.getFilesToDelete():
                os.remove(s)
        if not self.delay:
            self.stream = self._open()
        newRolloverAt = self.computeRollover(currentTime)
        while newRolloverAt <= currentTime:
            newRolloverAt = newRolloverAt + self.interval
        #If DST changes and midnight or weekly rollover, adjust for this.
        if (self.when == 'MIDNIGHT' or self.when.startswith('W')) and not self.utc:
            dstAtRollover = time.localtime(newRolloverAt)[-1]
            if dstNow != dstAtRollover:
                if not dstNow:  # DST kicks in before next rollover, so we need to deduct an hour
                    addend = -3600
                else:           # DST bows out before next rollover, so we need to add an hour
                    addend = 3600
                newRolloverAt += addend
        self.rolloverAt = newRolloverAt

我们观察 if os.path.exists(dfn) 这一行开始，这里的逻辑是如果 dfn 这个文件存在，则要先删除掉它，然后将 baseFilename 这个文件重命名为 dfn 文件。然后再重新打开 baseFilename这个文件开始写入东西。那么这里的逻辑就很清楚了

假设当前日志文件名为 current.log 切分后的文件名为 current.log.2016-06-01
判断 current.log.2016-06-01 是否存在，如果存在就删除
将当前的日志文件名改名为current.log.2016-06-01
重新打开新文件（我观察到源代码中默认是"a" 模式打开，之前据说是"w"）

于是在多进程的情况下，一个进程切换了，其他进程的句柄还在 current.log.2016-06-01 还会继续往里面写东西。又或者一个进程执行切换了，会把之前别的进程重命名的 current.log.2016-06-01 文件直接删除。又或者还有一个情况，当一个进程在写东西，另一个进程已经在切换了，会造成不可预估的情况发生。还有一种情况两个进程同时在切文件，第一个进程正在执行第3步，第二进程刚执行完第2步，然后第一个进程完成了重命名但还没有新建一个新的 current.log 第二个进程开始重命名，此时第二个进程将会因为找不到 current 发生错误。如果第一个进程已经成功创建了 current.log 第二个进程会将这个空文件另存为 current.log.2016-06-01。那么不仅删除了日志文件，而且，进程一认为已经完成过切分了不会再切，而事实上他的句柄指向的是current.log.2016-06-01。
好了这里看上去很复杂，实际上就是因为对于文件操作时，没有对多进程进行一些约束，而导致的问题。
那么如何优雅地解决这个问题呢。我提出了两种方案，当然我会在下面提出更多可行的方案供大家尝试。

解决方案1

先前我们发现 TimedRotatingFileHandler 中逻辑的缺陷。我们只需要稍微修改一下逻辑即可：

判断切分后的文件 current.log.2016-06-01 是否存在，如果不存在则进行重命名。（如果存在说明有其他进程切过了，我不用切了，换一下句柄即可）
以"a"模式打开 current.log
发现修改后就这么简单~
talking is cheap show me the code:

class SafeRotatingFileHandler(TimedRotatingFileHandler):
    def __init__(self, filename, when='h', interval=1, backupCount=0, encoding=None, delay=False, utc=False):
        TimedRotatingFileHandler.__init__(self, filename, when, interval, backupCount, encoding, delay, utc)
    """
    Override doRollover
    lines commanded by "##" is changed by cc
    """
    def doRollover(self):
        """
        do a rollover; in this case, a date/time stamp is appended to the filename
        when the rollover happens.  However, you want the file to be named for the
        start of the interval, not the current time.  If there is a backup count,
        then we have to get a list of matching filenames, sort them and remove
        the one with the oldest suffix.
        
        Override,   1. if dfn not exist then do rename
                    2. _open with "a" model
        """
        if self.stream:
            self.stream.close()
            self.stream = None
        # get the time that this sequence started at and make it a TimeTuple
        currentTime = int(time.time())
        dstNow = time.localtime(currentTime)[-1]
        t = self.rolloverAt - self.interval
        if self.utc:
            timeTuple = time.gmtime(t)
        else:
            timeTuple = time.localtime(t)
            dstThen = timeTuple[-1]
            if dstNow != dstThen:
                if dstNow:
                    addend = 3600
                else:
                    addend = -3600
                timeTuple = time.localtime(t + addend)
        dfn = self.baseFilename + "." + time.strftime(self.suffix, timeTuple)
##        if os.path.exists(dfn):
##            os.remove(dfn)
            
        # Issue 18940: A file may not have been created if delay is True.
##        if os.path.exists(self.baseFilename):
        if not os.path.exists(dfn) and os.path.exists(self.baseFilename):
            os.rename(self.baseFilename, dfn)
        if self.backupCount > 0:
            for s in self.getFilesToDelete():
                os.remove(s)
        if not self.delay:
            self.mode = "a"
            self.stream = self._open()
        newRolloverAt = self.computeRollover(currentTime)
        while newRolloverAt <= currentTime:
            newRolloverAt = newRolloverAt + self.interval
        #If DST changes and midnight or weekly rollover, adjust for this.
        if (self.when == 'MIDNIGHT' or self.when.startswith('W')) and not self.utc:
            dstAtRollover = time.localtime(newRolloverAt)[-1]
            if dstNow != dstAtRollover:
                if not dstNow:  # DST kicks in before next rollover, so we need to deduct an hour
                    addend = -3600
                else:           # DST bows out before next rollover, so we need to add an hour
                    addend = 3600
                newRolloverAt += addend
        self.rolloverAt = newRolloverAt

不要以为代码那么长，其实修改部分就是 "##" 注释的地方而已，其他都是照抄源代码。这个类继承了 TimedRotatingFileHandler 重写了这个切分的过程。这个解决方案十分优雅，改换的地方非常少，也十分有效。但有网友提出，这里有一处地方依然不完美，就是rename的那一步，如果就是这么巧，同时两个或者多个进程进入了 if 语句，先后开始 rename 那么依然会发生删除掉日志的情况。确实这种情况确实会发生，由于切分文件一天才一次，正好切分的时候同时有两个Handler在操作，又正好同时走到这里，也是蛮巧的，但是为了完美，可以加上一个文件锁，if 之后加锁，得到锁之后再判断一次，再进行rename这种方式就完美了。代码就不贴了，涉及到锁代码，影响美观。

解决方案2

我认为最简单有效的解决方案。重写FileHandler类（这个类是所有写入文件的Handler都需要继承的TimedRotatingFileHandler 就是继承的这个类；我们增加一些简单的判断和操作就可以。
我们的逻辑是这样的：

判断当前时间戳是否与指向的文件名是同一个时间
如果不是，则切换指向的文件即可
结束，是不是很简单的逻辑。
talking is cheap show me the code:

class SafeFileHandler(FileHandler):
    def __init__(self, filename, mode, encoding=None, delay=0):
        """
        Use the specified filename for streamed logging
        """
        if codecs is None:
            encoding = None
        FileHandler.__init__(self, filename, mode, encoding, delay)
        self.mode = mode
        self.encoding = encoding
        self.suffix = "%Y-%m-%d"
        self.suffix_time = ""

    def emit(self, record):
        """
        Emit a record.

        Always check time 
        """
        try:
            if self.check_baseFilename(record):
                self.build_baseFilename()
            FileHandler.emit(self, record)
        except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
            raise
        except:
            self.handleError(record)
            
    def check_baseFilename(self, record):
        """
        Determine if builder should occur.
        
        record is not used, as we are just comparing times, 
        but it is needed so the method signatures are the same
        """
        timeTuple = time.localtime()
        
        if self.suffix_time != time.strftime(self.suffix, timeTuple) or not os.path.exists(self.baseFilename+'.'+self.suffix_time):
            return 1
        else:
            return 0
    def build_baseFilename(self):
        """
        do builder; in this case, 
        old time stamp is removed from filename and
        a new time stamp is append to the filename
        """
        if self.stream:
            self.stream.close()
            self.stream = None
        
        # remove old suffix
        if self.suffix_time != "":
            index = self.baseFilename.find("."+self.suffix_time)
            if index == -1:
                index = self.baseFilename.rfind(".")
            self.baseFilename = self.baseFilename[:index]
        
        # add new suffix
        currentTimeTuple = time.localtime()
        self.suffix_time = time.strftime(self.suffix, currentTimeTuple)
        self.baseFilename  = self.baseFilename + "." + self.suffix_time
        
        self.mode = 'a'
        if not self.delay:
            self.stream = self._open()

check_baseFilename 就是执行逻辑1判断；build_baseFilename 就是执行逻辑2换句柄。就这么简单完成了。
这种方案与之前不同的是，当前文件就是 current.log.2016-06-01 ，到了明天当前文件就是current.log.2016-06-02 没有重命名的情况，也没有删除的情况。十分简洁优雅。也能解决多进程的logging问题。

解决方案其他

当然还有其他的解决方案，例如由一个logging进程统一打日志，其他进程将所有的日志内容打入logging进程管道由它来打理。还有将日志打入网络socket当中也是同样的道理。

原文地址：https://www.jianshu.com/p/d615bf01e37b

上面的是一位大佬的文章，当时项目中的问题也是通过大佬的指点给解决了。

由于项目的要求是要对日志按照日期分割，所以最初我看到这篇文章的时候，我就傻傻把方案二的代码和TimeRotatingFileHandler控制器一起用了，然后就出来了图中的情况

我来解释一下，第一天的时候会生成manage.log.2018-10-23和manage.log两个文件，这是没有问题的（代码如此），然后第二天就会生成manage.log.2018-10-24和manage.log.2018-10-23.2018-10-23两个文件，并且第一天生成的manage.log.2018-10-23文件里面并没有记录的日志，而是在第二天生成的manage.log.2018-10-23.2018-10-23这个文件里面。刚开始真的很越闷为什么会出现这种情况，后来大佬给我解释了一下，才知道是自己乱用代码的后果，哎~~~~。

出现上述情况的原因：

本来 FileHandler 自己只是个原子的文件输出日志处理器，没有任何文件切分能力， TimedRotatingFileHandler 只是继承 FileHandler 。它自己负责日志切分，FileHandler负责输出能力，但是现在 TimedRotatingFileHandler 继承 SafeFileHandler 再继承 FileHandler，TimedRotatingFileHandler 在切分日志时，会在当前日志上加上后缀，也就产生了 manage.log.2018-10-23.2018-10-23，同时 SafeFileHandler 也在做切分，于是产生了 manage.log.2018-10-24，如果说此时切分过程中会有前后时间差异，那么空的 manage.log.2018-10-23 也会被 SafeFileHandler 产生。然后就产生了上面的情况。

但是项目要求日志文件保留最近几天的日志，不要求所有的文件都存在的，那怎么办呢，大佬的代码是没考虑这个因素的。

偶然的情况下，同事提醒我说，能不能把TimedRotatingFileHandler这个类也给重写了，然后继承SafeFileHandler这个类呢？

然后我就去试了试，发现真的可以，但是需要对代码修改一下除了避免上面出现的情况还能实现保留最近五天的日志文件，过期的就自动删除。不过说，贴代码：

import codecs
import os
import re
import time
import logging
from logging import FileHandler
from stat import ST_DEV, ST_INO, ST_MTIME

_MIDNIGHT = 24 * 60 * 60  # number of seconds in a day

class SafeFileHandler(FileHandler):
    def __init__(self, filename, mode, encoding=None, delay=0):
     """
     Use the specified filename for streamed logging
     """
     if codecs is None:
         encoding = None
     FileHandler.__init__(self, filename, mode, encoding, delay)
     self.mode = mode
     self.encoding = encoding
     self.suffix = "%Y-%m-%d"
     self.suffix_time = ""

    def emit(self, record):
     """
     Emit a record.

     Always check time
     """
     try:
         if self.check_baseFilename(record):
             self.build_baseFilename()
         FileHandler.emit(self, record)
     except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
         raise
     except:
         self.handleError(record)

    def check_baseFilename(self, record):
     """
     Determine if builder should occur.

     record is not used, as we are just comparing times,
     but it is needed so the method signatures are the same
     """
     timeTuple = time.localtime()

     if self.suffix_time != time.strftime(self.suffix, timeTuple) or not os.path.exists(self.baseFilename+'.'+self.suffix_time):
         return 1
     else:
         return 0
    def build_baseFilename(self):
     """
     do builder; in this case,
     old time stamp is removed from filename and
     a new time stamp is append to the filename
     """
     if self.stream:
         self.stream.close()
         self.stream = None

     # remove old suffix
     if self.suffix_time != "":
         index = self.baseFilename.find("."+self.suffix_time)
         if index == -1:
             index = self.baseFilename.rfind(".")
         self.baseFilename = self.baseFilename[:index]

     # add new suffix
     currentTimeTuple = time.localtime()
     self.suffix_time = time.strftime(self.suffix, currentTimeTuple)
     # print(self.baseFilename)
     self.baseFilename  = self.baseFilename + "." + self.suffix_time
     # print(self.baseFilename)

     self.mode = 'a'
     if not self.delay:
         self.stream = self._open()

class BaseRotatingHandler(SafeFileHandler):
    """
    Base class for handlers that rotate log files at a certain point.
    Not meant to be instantiated directly.  Instead, use RotatingFileHandler
    or TimedRotatingFileHandler.
    """
    def __init__(self, filename, mode, encoding=None, delay=False):
        """
        Use the specified filename for streamed logging
        """
        logging.FileHandler.__init__(self, filename, mode, encoding, delay)
        self.mode = mode
        self.encoding = encoding
        self.namer = None
        self.rotator = None

    def emit(self, record):
        """
        Emit a record.

        Output the record to the file, catering for rollover as described
        in doRollover().
        """
        try:
            if self.shouldRollover(record):
                self.doRollover()
            logging.FileHandler.emit(self, record)
        except Exception:
            self.handleError(record)

    def rotation_filename(self, default_name):
        """
        Modify the filename of a log file when rotating.

        This is provided so that a custom filename can be provided.

        The default implementation calls the 'namer' attribute of the
        handler, if it's callable, passing the default name to
        it. If the attribute isn't callable (the default is None), the name
        is returned unchanged.

        :param default_name: The default name for the log file.
        """
        if not callable(self.namer):
            result = default_name
        else:
            result = self.namer(default_name)
        return result

    def rotate(self, source, dest):
        """
        When rotating, rotate the current log.

        The default implementation calls the 'rotator' attribute of the
        handler, if it's callable, passing the source and dest arguments to
        it. If the attribute isn't callable (the default is None), the source
        is simply renamed to the destination.

        :param source: The source filename. This is normally the base
                       filename, e.g. 'test.log'
        :param dest:   The destination filename. This is normally
                       what the source is rotated to, e.g. 'test.log.1'.
        """
        if not callable(self.rotator):
            # Issue 18940: A file may not have been created if delay is True.
            if os.path.exists(source):
                os.rename(source, dest)
        else:
            self.rotator(source, dest)

class TimedRotatingFileHandler(BaseRotatingHandler):
    """
    Handler for logging to a file, rotating the log file at certain timed
    intervals.

    If backupCount is > 0, when rollover is done, no more than backupCount
    files are kept - the oldest ones are deleted.
    """
    def __init__(self, filename, when='h', interval=1, backupCount=0, encoding=None, delay=False, utc=False, atTime=None):
        BaseRotatingHandler.__init__(self, filename, 'a', encoding, delay)
        self.when = when.upper()
        self.backupCount = backupCount
        self.utc = utc
        self.atTime = atTime
        # Calculate the real rollover interval, which is just the number of
        # seconds between rollovers.  Also set the filename suffix used when
        # a rollover occurs.  Current 'when' events supported:
        # S - Seconds
        # M - Minutes
        # H - Hours
        # D - Days
        # midnight - roll over at midnight
        # W{0-6} - roll over on a certain day; 0 - Monday
        #
        # Case of the 'when' specifier is not important; lower or upper case
        # will work.
        if self.when == 'S':
            self.interval = 1 # one second
            self.suffix = "%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S"
            self.extMatch = r"^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}_\d{2}-\d{2}-\d{2}(\.\w+)?$"
        elif self.when == 'M':
            self.interval = 60 # one minute
            self.suffix = "%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M"
            self.extMatch = r"^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}_\d{2}-\d{2}(\.\w+)?$"
        elif self.when == 'H':
            self.interval = 60 * 60 # one hour
            self.suffix = "%Y-%m-%d_%H"
            self.extMatch = r"^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}_\d{2}(\.\w+)?$"
        elif self.when == 'D' or self.when == 'MIDNIGHT':
            self.interval = 60 * 60 * 24 # one day
            self.suffix = "%Y-%m-%d"
            self.extMatch = r"^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}(\.\w+)?$"
        elif self.when.startswith('W'):
            self.interval = 60 * 60 * 24 * 7 # one week
            if len(self.when) != 2:
                raise ValueError("You must specify a day for weekly rollover from 0 to 6 (0 is Monday): %s" % self.when)
            if self.when[1] < '0' or self.when[1] > '6':
                raise ValueError("Invalid day specified for weekly rollover: %s" % self.when)
            self.dayOfWeek = int(self.when[1])
            self.suffix = "%Y-%m-%d"
            self.extMatch = r"^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}(\.\w+)?$"
        else:
            raise ValueError("Invalid rollover interval specified: %s" % self.when)

        self.extMatch = re.compile(self.extMatch, re.ASCII)
        self.interval = self.interval * interval # multiply by units requested
        # The following line added because the filename passed in could be a
        # path object (see Issue #27493), but self.baseFilename will be a string
        filename = self.baseFilename
        if os.path.exists(filename):
            t = os.stat(filename)[ST_MTIME]
        else:
            t = int(time.time())
        self.rolloverAt = self.computeRollover(t)

    def computeRollover(self, currentTime):
        """
        Work out the rollover time based on the specified time.
        """
        result = currentTime + self.interval
        # If we are rolling over at midnight or weekly, then the interval is already known.
        # What we need to figure out is WHEN the next interval is.  In other words,
        # if you are rolling over at midnight, then your base interval is 1 day,
        # but you want to start that one day clock at midnight, not now.  So, we
        # have to fudge the rolloverAt value in order to trigger the first rollover
        # at the right time.  After that, the regular interval will take care of
        # the rest.  Note that this code doesn't care about leap seconds. :)
        if self.when == 'MIDNIGHT' or self.when.startswith('W'):
            # This could be done with less code, but I wanted it to be clear
            if self.utc:
                t = time.gmtime(currentTime)
            else:
                t = time.localtime(currentTime)
            currentHour = t[3]
            currentMinute = t[4]
            currentSecond = t[5]
            currentDay = t[6]
            # r is the number of seconds left between now and the next rotation
            if self.atTime is None:
                rotate_ts = _MIDNIGHT
            else:
                rotate_ts = ((self.atTime.hour * 60 + self.atTime.minute)*60 +
                    self.atTime.second)

            r = rotate_ts - ((currentHour * 60 + currentMinute) * 60 +
                currentSecond)
            if r < 0:
                # Rotate time is before the current time (for example when
                # self.rotateAt is 13:45 and it now 14:15), rotation is
                # tomorrow.
                r += _MIDNIGHT
                currentDay = (currentDay + 1) % 7
            result = currentTime + r
            # If we are rolling over on a certain day, add in the number of days until
            # the next rollover, but offset by 1 since we just calculated the time
            # until the next day starts.  There are three cases:
            # Case 1) The day to rollover is today; in this case, do nothing
            # Case 2) The day to rollover is further in the interval (i.e., today is
            #         day 2 (Wednesday) and rollover is on day 6 (Sunday).  Days to
            #         next rollover is simply 6 - 2 - 1, or 3.
            # Case 3) The day to rollover is behind us in the interval (i.e., today
            #         is day 5 (Saturday) and rollover is on day 3 (Thursday).
            #         Days to rollover is 6 - 5 + 3, or 4.  In this case, it's the
            #         number of days left in the current week (1) plus the number
            #         of days in the next week until the rollover day (3).
            # The calculations described in 2) and 3) above need to have a day added.
            # This is because the above time calculation takes us to midnight on this
            # day, i.e. the start of the next day.
            if self.when.startswith('W'):
                day = currentDay # 0 is Monday
                if day != self.dayOfWeek:
                    if day < self.dayOfWeek:
                        daysToWait = self.dayOfWeek - day
                    else:
                        daysToWait = 6 - day + self.dayOfWeek + 1
                    newRolloverAt = result + (daysToWait * (60 * 60 * 24))
                    if not self.utc:
                        dstNow = t[-1]
                        dstAtRollover = time.localtime(newRolloverAt)[-1]
                        if dstNow != dstAtRollover:
                            if not dstNow:  # DST kicks in before next rollover, so we need to deduct an hour
                                addend = -3600
                            else:           # DST bows out before next rollover, so we need to add an hour
                                addend = 3600
                            newRolloverAt += addend
                    result = newRolloverAt
        return result

    def shouldRollover(self, record):
        """
        Determine if rollover should occur.

        record is not used, as we are just comparing times, but it is needed so
        the method signatures are the same
        """
        t = int(time.time())
        if t >= self.rolloverAt:
            return 1
        return 0

    def getFilesToDelete(self):
        """
        Determine the files to delete when rolling over.

        More specific than the earlier method, which just used glob.glob().
        """
        dirName, baseName = os.path.split(self.baseFilename)
        fileNames = os.listdir(dirName)
        """
        改掉的部分
        """
        baseName = fileNames[0]

        result = []
        prefix = baseName + "."
        plen = len(prefix)
        for fileName in fileNames:
            if fileName[:plen] == prefix:
                suffix = fileName[plen:]
                if self.extMatch.match(suffix):
                    result.append(os.path.join(dirName, fileName))
        result.sort()
        if len(result) < self.backupCount:
            result = []
        else:
            result = result[:len(result) - self.backupCount]
        return result

    def doRollover(self):
        """
        do a rollover; in this case, a date/time stamp is appended to the filename
        when the rollover happens.  However, you want the file to be named for the
        start of the interval, not the current time.  If there is a backup count,
        then we have to get a list of matching filenames, sort them and remove
        the one with the oldest suffix.
        """
        if self.stream:
            self.stream.close()
            self.stream = None
        # get the time that this sequence started at and make it a TimeTuple
        currentTime = int(time.time())
        dstNow = time.localtime(currentTime)[-1]
        t = self.rolloverAt - self.interval
        if self.utc:
            timeTuple = time.gmtime(t)
        else:
            timeTuple = time.localtime(t)
            dstThen = timeTuple[-1]
            if dstNow != dstThen:
                if dstNow:
                    addend = 3600
                else:
                    addend = -3600
                timeTuple = time.localtime(t + addend)
        """
        改掉的部分
        """
        # dfn = self.rotation_filename(self.baseFilename)
        # if os.path.exists(dfn):
        #     os.remove(dfn)
        # self.rotate(self.baseFilename, dfn)
        if self.backupCount > 0:
            for s in self.getFilesToDelete():
                os.remove(s)
        if not self.delay:
            self.stream = self._open()
        newRolloverAt = self.computeRollover(currentTime)
        while newRolloverAt <= currentTime:
            newRolloverAt = newRolloverAt + self.interval
        #If DST changes and midnight or weekly rollover, adjust for this.
        if (self.when == 'MIDNIGHT' or self.when.startswith('W')) and not self.utc:
            dstAtRollover = time.localtime(newRolloverAt)[-1]
            if dstNow != dstAtRollover:
                if not dstNow:  # DST kicks in before next rollover, so we need to deduct an hour
                    addend = -3600
                else:           # DST bows out before next rollover, so we need to add an hour
                    addend = 3600
                newRolloverAt += addend
        self.rolloverAt = newRolloverAt

我这也是第一次去尝试重写源码的方法，可能还有其他的问题我没有发现，欢迎各位指正。