c#笔记

打算学下unity3d，先学点c#基础

 

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.IO;//读写文件

using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;//json的dll
using System.Threading;//sleep

using System.Net;//发送http请求的包
using System.Text;//发送http请求的包,拼接字符串用的

//using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace cs0312
{
    class BaseExample
    {
        public string tips;
        public BaseExample()
        {
            this.tips = "自动加载了BaseExample类的构造方法";
        }
        public void Add()
        {
            Console.WriteLine(tips);
        }
        public virtual void GetConfig()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("这个方法将被继承的时候重写");
        }
        public void Dalao(string name)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(name + "大佬你好!");
        }

        public void Daojishi()
        {
            for (int i = 2; i > 0; i--)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("倒计时" + i + "秒");
                Thread.Sleep(1000);//休眠0.1秒
            }
        }
    }
    class Index : BaseExample//只能继承一个类,不能多个继承 
    {
        public string city;
        public override void GetConfig()
        {
            //子类调用符类的方法用base,类中调用用this
            this.city = "深圳的";
            base.Dalao(city + "马老板");

            Console.WriteLine("override跟virtual是成对出现的,这个方法将重写继承的BaseExample父类的GetConfig()方法");
        }
        public void TestExtend()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("IndexClass的TestExtend方法");
        }
        //获取时间,返回时间戳
        public Int64 NowTimeInt()
        {
            return (DateTime.Now.ToUniversalTime().Ticks - 621355968000000000) / 10000000;
        }
        public static string NowTimeStr(string format = "")
        {
            if (format == "")
            {
                return DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
            }
            else
            {
                return DateTime.Now.ToString(format);
            }
        }

        public static void ExecJob(object state)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(Index.NowTimeStr());
        }
        public static void Yinyong(ref string x)//ref表示按引用传值
        {
            x = "ref是引用传值"+DateTime.Now.ToString();
        }
    }
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            //按引用传值
            string anyinyong = "ref是引用传值";
            Index.Yinyong(ref anyinyong);//函数引用传值
            Console.WriteLine(anyinyong);


            //short取值范围-32768到+32767,两个字节,int是有符号的正负21亿,unit是无符号的
            short shNum = 32767;//long是 int64, float是占4字节, double8字节双精度
            ushort ushNum = 65535;//ushort取值是mysql的smallint 65535
            
            long int64Num = 9223372036854775807;//占8个字节
            long yearNum = (long)86400*365*100000000;
            long longres = int64Num / yearNum;
            Console.WriteLine("每秒插入一亿条数据,可以插入年数是："+ longres);

            const int mysqlPort = 36635;//声明常量，语法const+类型+常量名称 = 数值,常量声明后不能更改数值

            //return;

            //执行定时器的任务,windows的时间精度是15毫秒,小于15就是15
            //需要注意的是TimerCallback()的函数必须传入ExecJob(object state),不然是不行的哦!
            //需要十分注意,如果上一次的任务还没有执行,又创建了新的任务会并行执行可能会出问题的
            //所以任务在进入的时候就要更改执行中的状态,所以公共的数据要加锁
            //new Timer(new TimerCallback(Index.ExecJob),null,500,1000)
            //Index.ExecJob执行的回调函数,null是任务对象,500毫秒后开始执行(0.5s),周期是1000毫秒(1s)
            Timer timer = new Timer(new TimerCallback(Index.ExecJob), null, 1000, 1000);
            //Console.ReadLine();//阻塞起来,下面的代码就无法运行下去了

            //发送http请求
            Dictionary<string, string> postPrams = new Dictionary<string, string>();
            postPrams["data"] = "Denny";
            postPrams["time"] = Index.NowTimeStr();
            postPrams["rid"] = "fromCsPost";
            dynamic curlBody = HttpCurl.Post("https://www.buruyouni.com/spider/request", postPrams);//?rid=shutdownd&data=


            Index ind01 = new Index();
            Int64 nowTimeStamp = ind01.NowTimeInt();//时间戳数字
            Console.WriteLine("消耗时间秒:" + nowTimeStamp + "类型是：" + nowTimeStamp.GetType());

            //datetime时间日期 2021-03-07 23:42:37  2021-03-07  2021
            Console.WriteLine("时间字符串:" + Index.NowTimeStr() + " 自定义时间格式:" + Index.NowTimeStr("yyyy年MM月dd") + ",年份：" + Index.NowTimeStr("yyyy"));


            for (Int64 i = 0; i < 999; i++)//999999999
            {

            }
            Int64 useSecond = ind01.NowTimeInt() - nowTimeStamp;
            Console.WriteLine("循环消耗时间秒:" + useSecond);

            float fff = 3.13f;//声明浮点数要后面加f,所以

            double doubleNum = 3.14;//声明有小数的可以用double,判断字符类型
            Console.WriteLine("双精度浮点数:" + doubleNum + ",类型是:" + doubleNum.GetType());

            dynamic resPlus = fff + doubleNum;
            resPlus = Math.Round(resPlus, 2);//4舍五入保留两位小数,2就是保留两位
            int downInt = (int)6.66;//向下取整
            double upInt = Math.Ceiling(6.66);//向下取整，获取到的是double
            double downDouble = Math.Ceiling(6.66);//向下取整，获取到的是double
            Console.WriteLine("6.66使用Math.floor()向下取整：" + downDouble + ",数值6.66Math.Ceiling()向上取整:" + upInt);

            int i6 = 7;//int跟double的值比较
            Console.WriteLine("double 7 ==int 7的值比较" + (i6 == upInt));
            //Equals判断全等,先判断类型,再判断值.i6是int,upInt是double是不全等的
            Console.WriteLine("全等double 7和int 7的Equals全等比较：" + i6.Equals(upInt));

            Console.WriteLine("float的数和double的数相加：" + resPlus + ",取整：" + downInt + ",向上取整:");

            dynamic atStr = "dynamic可以动态声明变量类型,可以是各种类型int,double,folat等";
            Console.WriteLine(atStr + "支持三木," + (atStr != "" ? true : false));

            BaseExample be = new BaseExample();
            Thread tt = new Thread(new ThreadStart(be.Daojishi));
            tt.Start();//开始执行,这里be.Daojishi无阻塞,下面的不用等待直接执行
            //tt.Join();//阻塞,等待子线程执行完毕再执行下面的代码,如果不加tt.Join下面的代码不需要等待子线程的结束直接执行


            //using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;生成json字符串
            JObject j = new JObject();
            j["id"] = 20210308;
            j["name"] = "张无忌";

            string jString = j.ToString();
            Console.WriteLine("使用github的Newtonsoft.Json.dll生成json字符串" + jString);
            //解析刚才生成的json字符串jString
            JObject jp = JObject.Parse(jString);
            //判断json的字段是否存在
            if (jp.ContainsKey("name"))
            {
                string nameStr = (string)jp.GetValue("name");
                Console.WriteLine("存在key=name的json对象值是:" + nameStr);
            }

            if (jp.ContainsKey("id"))
            {
                int jid = (int)jp.GetValue("id");
                Console.WriteLine("存在key=id的json对象值是:" + jid);
            }


            //如果文件目录(文件夹)不存在则创建
            string activeDir = @"E:/cs";//创建e:/cs/myCreateDir文件夹
            string newPath = System.IO.Path.Combine(activeDir, "myCreateDir");
            System.IO.Directory.CreateDirectory(newPath);

            //1.实例化文件类,fileinfo需要using System.IO;
            FileInfo fi = new FileInfo("e:/cs/aaa.txt");
            //2.打开文件流(读取方式)
            FileStream stm = fi.OpenRead();
            //读取文件(一次性读取)
            long fileSize = fi.Length;//查看文件大小
            byte[] buffer = new byte[fileSize];
            int n = stm.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
            Console.WriteLine("读取到的文件数据:" + n + fi.Attributes.ToString());
            //关闭文件流
            stm.Close();

            //字符串分割
            string spString = "jpg,jpeg,png,gif";
            string[] sArray = spString.Split(",");
            //遍历字符串分割后的数组
            foreach (string i in sArray)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(spString + "分割成:" + i);
            }

            //项目引用外部的dll文件,实例化命名空间MyFirstDll下的Class1类
            //MyFirstDll.Class1 fdl = new MyFirstDll.Class1();  ;
            //fdl.Author();

            //异常处理
            try
            {
                //try结果
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                //发生异常处理
            }

            myextend.Mynamespace ms = new myextend.Mynamespace();
            ms.UseAnotherDirClass("调用其他文件夹的类的方法");

            //UseAnotherDirClass

            //事件委托和回调
            ColorBox box = new ColorBox();
            //1.注册回调,回调执行的方法是box类的OnClolorChanged()
            box.UserHandler = new ColorBox.ChangeHandler(box.OnClolorChanged);
            //2.方法触发用户回调UserSelect();
            box.UserSelect("触发回调");

            //泛型,Dictionary即key:value需要引入using System.Collections.Generic;
            Dictionary<string, string> dic = new Dictionary<string, string>();
            dic.Add("name", "dwj");
            //dic.Add("name", "dwj2");//dic的key不能重复添加
            dic.Add("age", "18");
            dic.Add("sex", "小姐姐");

            //这种方式添加key=name的数据,存在就覆盖,不存在就添加
            dic["name"] = "覆盖上面的add方法添加的key,建议用这种方式添加,add添加如存在了会抛出异常!";

            Console.WriteLine("dic的数量是:" + dic.Count);
            //判断name这个Key是否存在dic里面,如果key不存在则必须判断是否存在
            if (dic.ContainsKey("name"))
            {
                Console.WriteLine("key=name存在dic，数值是:" + dic["name"]);
            }

            dic.TryGetValue("sex", out string getVal);
            Console.WriteLine("dic.TryGetValue()可以取存在或者不存在的key" + getVal);

            List<int> fanxing = new List<int>();
            fanxing.Add(10);
            fanxing.Add(20);
            fanxing.Add(30);
            for (int i = 0; i < fanxing.Count; i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(string.Format("for 遍历list 第{0}个输的值是:{1}", i, fanxing[i]));
            }

            //官方推荐foreach遍历,不支持一边遍历一边删除惭怍,都是只读遍历
            foreach (int item in fanxing)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(string.Format("foreach 遍历list 第{0}个输的值是:", item));
                // i= i+1;
            }
            //枚举遍历


            //类的继承,
            Index ic = new Index();
            BaseExample ic02 = new Index();
            ic.Add();
            ic.GetConfig();//overide/Virtual重写符类方法
            ic02.GetConfig();//ic02指定了BaseExample符类

            string hello = "Hello World!!!!!";
            Console.WriteLine(hello);

            int a = 10;
            int b = a * 3;
            Console.WriteLine("a=10乘以3=" + b);

            //字符串拼接数字
            string name = "杨兴毅,age=" + (a + 20);
            Console.WriteLine(name);

            //字符串格式化
            string placeStr = string.Format("中国:{0}省:{1}", "广东", "佛山");
            Console.WriteLine(placeStr);

            //实例化Student类,默认加载Student构造方法
            Student stu = new Student();

            //cs不用管垃圾回收，当没人用它的时候会自动销毁
            //实例化Student类,加载Student(bool)构造方法,构造方法也可以重载
            Student stu02 = new Student(true);

            stu.id = 1000;
            stu.name = "Denny Young";
            stu.sex = true;
            Console.WriteLine("ID:{0},名字:{1},性别:{2}", stu.id, stu.name, stu.sex ? "男" : "女");
            Console.WriteLine("打印stu对象成字符串:" + stu.ToString());

            //cs支持GetName方法名一样,但是参数不一样的函数在同一个类中
            //类的方法支持大小写开头,不过推荐用大写开头,go大写则是公共方法,小写是私有方法
            Myexample example = new Myexample();
            example.GetName();
            example.GetName(999);

            //类的拆分在不同文件,public partial class xx
            Chaifen cf = new Chaifen();
            cf.C01();//调用当前文件的Chaifen类的方法
            cf.C02();//调用student.cs文件的Chaifen类的C02方法


        }
    }

    public class ColorBox
    {
        //1.定义事件委托类型
        public delegate void ChangeHandler(string colorString);

        //2.定义回调
        public ChangeHandler UserHandler;

        //3.模拟用户选择,选择后触发回调
        public void UserSelect(string selectColor)
        {
            if (UserHandler != null)
            {
                //Invoke()执行
                UserHandler.Invoke(selectColor);
            }
        }

        //4.选择后触发回调
        public void OnClolorChanged(string colorStr)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("回调选用了颜色:" + colorStr);
        }
    }
    public partial class Chaifen
    {
        public void C01()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("类拆分在不同文件Program.cs,Chaifen类的C01()方法");
        }
    }
    class HttpCurl
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 指定Post地址使用Get 方式获取全部字符串
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="url">请求后台地址</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string Post(string url, Dictionary<string, string> dic)
        {
            string result = "";
            //using System.Net;引入http请求的包
            HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
            req.Method = "POST";
            req.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
            //region 添加Post 参数
            StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();//引入Text包using System.Text;
            int i = 0;
            foreach (var item in dic)
            {
                if (i > 0)
                    builder.Append("&");
                builder.AppendFormat("{0}={1}", item.Key, item.Value);
                i++;
            }
            byte[] data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(builder.ToString());
            req.ContentLength = data.Length;
            using (Stream reqStream = req.GetRequestStream())
            {
                reqStream.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
                reqStream.Close();
            }
            //endregion
            HttpWebResponse resp = (HttpWebResponse)req.GetResponse();
            Stream stream = resp.GetResponseStream();
            //获取响应内容
            using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(stream, Encoding.UTF8))
            {
                result = reader.ReadToEnd();
            }
            return result;
        }
    }
}