【Linux 运维系列】Ubuntu 运维总结

【Linux 运维系列】Ubuntu 运维总结

【1】Ubuntu 更新源

• 各版本源地址查询
  • 阿里源 : https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/ubuntu
  • 清华源 : https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/
• 阿里源配置简记

Ubuntu 18

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

# deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

Ubuntu 20

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse

# deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

• 源更新步骤总结

备份原始源配置文件
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_back

更新 /etc/apt/sources.list 内容

更新源 apt update

【2】Ubuntu 重置 root 密码

sudo passwd

【3】Ubuntu 终端分屏与配置默认终端

• 安装 Terminator 以及美化

sudo apt install terminator

在 ~/.config/terminator 路径下创建文件 config，terminator 的配置参数如下

[global_config]
  suppress_multiple_term_dialog = True
  title_font = Sans 11
  title_use_system_font = False
[keybindings]
[layouts]
  [[default]]
    [[[child1]]]
      parent = window0
      type = Terminal
    [[[window0]]]
      parent = ""
      type = Window
[plugins]
[profiles]
  [[default]]
    background_color = "#002b36"
    background_darkness = 0.91
    background_type = transparent
    copy_on_selection = True
    cursor_color = "#e0f0f1"
    font = Ubuntu Mono 12
    foreground_color = "#e0f0f1"
    use_system_font = False

• 设置默认终端

sudo update-alternatives --config x-terminal-emulator

【4】文件压缩与解压

将 test 路径下的文件分包压缩，每个压缩包大小为 1G
tar -zcvf - test | split -b 1024M -d -a 2 - test.tar.gz

将分解的压缩包合并
cat test.tar.gz* > test.tar.gz

【5】VMware 设置共享目录

安装 open-vm-tools
sudo apt install open-vm-tools

创建目录并挂载
mkdir /mnt/hgfs
vmhgfs-fuse .host:/ /mnt/hgfs

sudo vmhgfs-fuse .host:/ /mnt -o nonempty -o allow_other

【6】VMware 磁盘扩容

• 编辑虚拟机设置->硬盘->磁盘实用工具->扩展
• 弹出的对话框中设置磁盘扩展大小
• 下载安装工具 Gparted，sudo apt install gparted
• 打开 Gparted 扩展磁盘空间

•  对于 /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-* 的文件系统扩容

lvextend -L 20G /dev/mapper/ubuntu–vg-ubuntu–lv          //增大或减小至20G
lvextend -L +20G /dev/mapper/ubuntu–vg-ubuntu–lv         //增加20G
lvreduce -L -20G /dev/mapper/ubuntu–vg-ubuntu–lv         //减小20G
lvresize -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/ubuntu–vg-ubuntu–lv    //按百分比扩容

resize2fs /dev/mapper/ubuntu–vg-ubuntu–lv                //执行调整

【7】安装配置SSH

• 安装并启动 ssh 服务端

sudo apt install openssh-server
 
sudo /etc/init.d/ssh restart

• 修改配置信息

配置文件
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
 
Port 22                     #默认即可，如果有端口占用可以自己修改
PasswordAuthentication yes  #允许用户名密码方式登录
PermitRootLogin yes         #允许 root 用户登录

• 常见错误与解决方案
• sshd: no hostkeys available -- exiting

在 /etc/ssh 路径下执行 ssh-keygen -A 即可解决

【8】时间校准

CentOS:
yum -y install ntp ntpdate
Ubuntu:
apt install ntp ntpdate

ntpdate cn.pool.ntp.org
hwclock --systohc

参考与致谢

本博客为博主学习笔记，同时参考了网上众博主的博文以及相关专业书籍，在此表示感谢，本文若存在不足之处，请批评指正。

【1】ubuntu 更新源详细操作步骤

【2】Linux中apt与apt-get命令的区别与解释

【3】ubuntu18.04 设置root密码

【4】Ubuntu安装terminator以及美化

【5】Ubuntu 20.04下如何更改默认终端为Terminator终端终结者

【6】ubuntu 下使用tar将文件夹(大文件)分包压缩

【7】如何扩大ubuntu的ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv空间