使用 Apache Flink 从 Hive 批量加载数据到 HBase

使用 Apache Flink 从 Hive 批量加载数据到 HBase

在大数据处理和存储中,Hadoop 生态系统提供了丰富的工具来实现高效的数据处理和管理。本篇博客将介绍如何使用 Apache Flink 将 Hive 中的数据批量加载到 HBase 中。具体来说,我们将详细讲解以下几个步骤:

  1. 从 HDFS 读取 Hive 数据
  2. 将数据转换为 HBase HFile 格式
  3. 将 HFile 加载到 HBase 表中
前置条件

在开始之前,确保你已经配置好以下环境:

  • Hadoop 集群
  • HDFS
  • Apache Flink
  • HBase
代码实现

下面是完整的实现代码:

import org.apache.flink.api.common.functions.MapFunction;
import org.apache.flink.api.java.DataSet;
import org.apache.flink.api.java.ExecutionEnvironment;
import org.apache.flink.api.java.tuple.Tuple2;
import org.apache.flink.api.java.utils.ParameterTool;
import org.apache.flink.core.fs.Path;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.io.TextInputFormat;
import org.apache.flink.hadoopcompatibility.HadoopOutputs;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.KeyValue;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Connection;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ConnectionFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.ImmutableBytesWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.mapreduce.HFileOutputFormat2;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.mapreduce.LoadIncrementalHFiles;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;

public class HiveToHBaseBulkLoad {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // 创建执行环境
        final ExecutionEnvironment env = ExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();

        // 解析参数
        final ParameterTool params = ParameterTool.fromArgs(args);
        String hdfsFilePath = params.getRequired("hdfsFilePath");
        String hfileOutputPath = params.getRequired("hfileOutputPath");
        String hbaseTableName = params.getRequired("hbaseTableName");
        String columnFamily = params.get("columnFamily", "cf");
        String columnName = params.get("columnName", "column1");

        // 读取 HDFS 文件
        TextInputFormat format = new TextInputFormat(new Path(hdfsFilePath));
        DataSet<String> textDataSet = env.readFile(format, hdfsFilePath);

        // 配置生成 HFile
        DataSet<Tuple2<ImmutableBytesWritable, KeyValue>> hfileDataSet = textDataSet.map(new HFileMapper(columnFamily, columnName));

        // 写入 HFile
        Configuration conf = HBaseConfiguration.create();
        Job job = Job.getInstance(conf);
        hfileDataSet.output(HadoopOutputs.writeHadoopFile(job, new Path(hfileOutputPath), ImmutableBytesWritable.class, KeyValue.class, HFileOutputFormat2.class));

        env.execute("Hive to HBase Bulkload");

        // 加载 HFile 到 HBase
        bulkLoadHFilesToHBase(conf, hfileOutputPath, hbaseTableName);
    }

    private static class HFileMapper implements MapFunction<String, Tuple2<ImmutableBytesWritable, KeyValue>> {
        private final String columnFamily;
        private final String columnName;

        public HFileMapper(String columnFamily, String columnName) {
            this.columnFamily = columnFamily;
            this.columnName = columnName;
        }

        @Override
        public Tuple2<ImmutableBytesWritable, KeyValue> map(String value) throws Exception {
            String[] fields = value.split("\t");
            String rowKey = fields[0];
            KeyValue kv = new KeyValue(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey), Bytes.toBytes(columnFamily), Bytes.toBytes(columnName), Bytes.toBytes(fields[1]));
            return new Tuple2<>(new ImmutableBytesWritable(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey)), kv);
        }
    }

    private static void bulkLoadHFilesToHBase(Configuration conf, String hfileOutputPath, String hbaseTableName) throws Exception {
        try (Connection connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(conf)) {
            Job job = Job.getInstance(conf);
            TableName tableName = TableName.valueOf(hbaseTableName);
            HFileOutputFormat2.configureIncrementalLoad(job, connection.getTable(tableName), connection.getRegionLocator(tableName));

            LoadIncrementalHFiles loader = new LoadIncrementalHFiles(conf);
            loader.doBulkLoad(new Path(hfileOutputPath), connection.getAdmin(), connection.getTable(tableName), connection.getRegionLocator(tableName));
        }
    }
}
代码详解
  1. 创建执行环境

    final ExecutionEnvironment env = ExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
    
  2. 解析命令行参数

    final ParameterTool params = ParameterTool.fromArgs(args);
    String hdfsFilePath = params.getRequired("hdfsFilePath");
    String hfileOutputPath = params.getRequired("hfileOutputPath");
    String hbaseTableName = params.getRequired("hbaseTableName");
    String columnFamily = params.get("columnFamily", "cf");
    String columnName = params.get("columnName", "column1");
    
  3. 读取 HDFS 文件

    TextInputFormat format = new TextInputFormat(new Path(hdfsFilePath));
    DataSet<String> textDataSet = env.readFile(format, hdfsFilePath);
    
  4. 将数据转换为 HFile

    DataSet<Tuple2<ImmutableBytesWritable, KeyValue>> hfileDataSet = textDataSet.map(new HFileMapper(columnFamily, columnName));
    
  5. 写入 HFile

    Configuration conf = HBaseConfiguration.create();
    Job job = Job.getInstance(conf);
    hfileDataSet.output(HadoopOutputs.writeHadoopFile(job, new Path(hfileOutputPath), ImmutableBytesWritable.class, KeyValue.class, HFileOutputFormat2.class));
    
  6. 执行 Flink 作业

    env.execute("Hive to HBase Bulkload");
    
  7. 加载 HFile 到 HBase

    bulkLoadHFilesToHBase(conf, hfileOutputPath, hbaseTableName);
    
  8. 自定义 HFileMapper 类

    private static class HFileMapper implements MapFunction<String, Tuple2<ImmutableBytesWritable, KeyValue>> {
        private final String columnFamily;
        private final String columnName;
    
        public HFileMapper(String columnFamily, String columnName) {
            this.columnFamily = columnFamily;
            this.columnName = columnName;
        }
    
        @Override
        public Tuple2<ImmutableBytesWritable, KeyValue> map(String value) throws Exception {
            String[] fields = value.split("\t");
            String rowKey = fields[0];
            KeyValue kv = new KeyValue(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey), Bytes.toBytes(columnFamily), Bytes.toBytes(columnName), Bytes.toBytes(fields[1]));
            return new Tuple2<>(new ImmutableBytesWritable(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey)), kv);
        }
    }
    
  9. 实现 bulkLoadHFilesToHBase 方法

    private static void bulkLoadHFilesToHBase(Configuration conf, String hfileOutputPath, String hbaseTableName) throws Exception {
        try (Connection connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(conf)) {
            Job job = Job.getInstance(conf);
            TableName tableName = TableName.valueOf(hbaseTableName);
            HFileOutputFormat2.configureIncrementalLoad(job, connection.getTable(tableName), connection.getRegionLocator(tableName));
    
            LoadIncrementalHFiles loader = new LoadIncrementalHFiles(conf);
            loader.doBulkLoad(new Path(hfileOutputPath), connection.getAdmin(), connection.getTable(tableName), connection.getRegionLocator(tableName));
        }
    }
    
总结

通过上述步骤,我们实现了从 Hive 数据到 HBase 的批量加载过程。这种方法不仅高效,而且能够处理大规模数据。希望这篇博客对你理解和应用 Flink 和 HBase 有所帮助。如果有任何问题,欢迎留言讨论。

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可以使用 Flink 的 Kafka Consumer 将数据从 Kafka 中读取出来,然后对数据做相应的处理,并将处理后的结果存储至 HBase 数据库中。同时,可以使用 FlinkHive Connector 创建外部表,以便将 HBase 中的数据映射到 Hive 中进行查询。 具体实现方式可以参考以下代码示例: ```scala val env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment env.setParallelism(1) val properties = new Properties() properties.setProperty("bootstrap.servers", "localhost:9092") properties.setProperty("group.id", "test") val consumer = new FlinkKafkaConsumer[String]("topic", new SimpleStringSchema(), properties) val source = env.addSource(consumer) val stream = source.map(x => { // 对数据进行处理 x }).addSink(new HBaseSinkFunction) val hiveConf = new HiveConf() hiveConf.addResource(new Path("/usr/local/hive/conf/hive-site.xml")) val hiveCatalog = new HiveCatalog("hive-catalog", "default", "/usr/local/hive/conf", "1.2.1", hiveConf) val tableSchema = new TableSchema(Array("column"), Array(Types.STRING)) hiveCatalog.createTable(new ObjectPath("default", "myTable"), new CatalogTable(tableSchema), true) val createExternalCatalogTable = """ CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE myTable_external ( column STRING ) STORED BY 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.hbase.HBaseStorageHandler' WITH SERDEPROPERTIES ( 'hbase.columns.mapping' = ':key,cf1:column', 'hbase.table.name' = 'myTable' ) TBLPROPERTIES ('hbase.mapred.output.outputtable' = 'myTable') """ val tableEnv = StreamTableEnvironment.create(env) tableEnv.registerCatalog("hive-catalog", hiveCatalog) tableEnv.useCatalog("hive-catalog") tableEnv.sqlUpdate(createExternalCatalogTable) tableEnv.sqlUpdate( "INSERT INTO myTable_external SELECT column FROM myTable" ) env.execute("Flink Kafka-HBase-Hive Example") ``` 在上述示例中,我们首先构建了一个 Kafka Consumer,并将数据源注册为 Flink 中的一个数据流 `source`,随后对数据源进行处理,并将处理后的结果写入HBase 数据库中,具体的 HBase 写入代码可以根据实际情况进行编写。 接着,我们使用 FlinkHive Connector 创建外部表,将 HBase 中的数据映射到 Hive 中进行查询。需要注意的是,在此过程中,我们需要手动引入 `HiveConf` 和 `HiveCatalog`,以便完成 Hive 的配置和注册。随后,我们可以使用 `TableEnvironment` 完成表的创建和查询等操作。

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