Handler的源码分析在CSDN上面已经烂大街了，为什么我还要去写呢？因为我觉得那毕竟是别人的东西，要想记忆深刻，还是自己写一遍会更好。废话不多说了，下面我们就一起开始吧。
在使用Handler之前，我们须了解几个关键词：
1.Message（消息）
相信大家对这个都不陌生，Message简称消息，是数据进行传递的载体，也是Handler接收与处理的消息对象。下面我们从源码角度来看看Message这个类都有些什么内容
/**
* Message实现了Parcelable接口，而Parcelable是Android提供的用来实现序列化的接口
* 也就意味着通过Message传递的信息是经过序列化的。
* 这里思考一下：在IPC机制中，数据能够进行传递的前提是必须经过序列化，那是不是也意味着Handler是IPC方式的一种呢？
*/
public final class Message implements Parcelable {
// 用户定义消息的Tag,以便接收者可以知道是哪一个Message
public int what;
// 如果只是想向message中存放一些整数值，可以使用arg1和arg2来代替setData
public int arg1;
public int arg2;
// 存放任意类型的值
public Object obj;
// 信使，顾名思义就是用来传递消息的（同时也是IPC方式的一种）
public Messenger replyTo;
// 发送消息的Uid。这只对{@link Messenger}发布的消息有效;否则就是-1
public int sendingUid = -1;
// set消息正在被使用
/*package*/ static final int FLAG_IN_USE = 1 << 0;
/** set消息是异步的 */
/*package*/ static final int FLAG_ASYNCHRONOUS = 1 << 1;
/** 清除copyFrom方法中的标志 */
/*package*/ static final int FLAGS_TO_CLEAR_ON_COPY_FROM = FLAG_IN_USE;
// 标志
/*package*/ int flags;
/*package*/ long when;
// Bundle主要用于传递数据；它保存的数据，是以key-value(键值对)的形式存在的。
/*package*/ Bundle data;
// 目标Handler
/*package*/ Handler target;
// 用来回调的线程
/*package*/ Runnable callback;
// 有时我们存储这些东西的链接列表
/*package*/ Message next;
// Android中的Message是可以重用的，那么相信大家就能够大致猜测到这四个变量的含义了。
// 充当锁的作用，避免多线程争抢资源，导致脏数据
// 脏数据的定义：是指源系统中的数据不在给定的范围内或对于实际业务毫无意义，或是数据格式非法，以及在源系统中存在不规范的编码和含糊的业务逻辑。
private static final Object sPoolSync = new Object();
// sPool这个变量可以理解为消息队列的头部的指针
private static Message sPool;
// sPoolSize是当前的消息队列的长度
private static int sPoolSize = 0;
// 定义消息队列缓存消息的最大的长度。
private static final int MAX_POOL_SIZE = 50;
private static boolean gCheckRecycle = true;
/**
* Return a new Message instance from the global pool. Allows us to
* avoid allocating new objects in many cases.
*/
public static Message obtain() {
synchronized (sPoolSync) { // 保证线程安全
// 如果消息队列为空，则直接创建Message
if (sPool != null) {
// 如果消息队列不为空,将消息队列中的头部消息返回
Message m = sPool;
// 消息队列的头部的指针下移
sPool = m.next;
// 清除之前的消息列表的头部指针信息
m.next = null;
m.flags = 0; // clear in-use flag
// 消息队列长度减1
sPoolSize--;
return m;
}
}
return new Message();
}
/**
* 获取指定的Message
*/
public static Message obtain(Message orig) {
Message m = obtain();
m.what = orig.what;
m.arg1 = orig.arg1;
m.arg2 = orig.arg2;
m.obj = orig.obj;
m.replyTo = orig.replyTo;
m.sendingUid = orig.sendingUid;
if (orig.data != null) {
m.data = new Bundle(orig.data);
}
m.target = orig.target;
m.callback = orig.callback;
return m;
}
/**
* 设置target
*/
public static Message obtain(Handler h) {
Message m = obtain();
m.target = h;
return m;
}
/**
* 设置target和回调
*/
public static Message obtain(Handler h, Runnable callback) {
Message m = obtain();
m.target = h;
m.callback = callback;
return m;
}
/**
* 设置target和标志
*/
public static Message obtain(Handler h, int what) {
Message m = obtain();
m.target = h;
m.what = what;
return m;
}
/**
* 设置target和标志以及数据
*/
public static Message obtain(Handler h, int what, Object obj) {
Message m = obtain();
m.target = h;
m.what = what;
m.obj = obj;
return m;
}
/**
* 设置target和标志以及数据
*/
public static Message obtain(Handler h, int what, int arg1, int arg2) {
Message m = obtain();
m.target = h;
m.what = what;
m.arg1 = arg1;
m.arg2 = arg2;
return m;
}
/**
* 设置target和标志以及数据
*/
public static Message obtain(Handler h, int what,
int arg1, int arg2, Object obj) {
Message m = obtain();
m.target = h;
m.what = what;
m.arg1 = arg1;
m.arg2 = arg2;
m.obj = obj;
return m;
}
/** @hide */
public static void updateCheckRecycle(int targetSdkVersion) {
if (targetSdkVersion < Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {
gCheckRecycle = false;
}
}
/**
* 回收当前message到全局池
*/
public void recycle() {
if (isInUse()) {
if (gCheckRecycle) {
throw new IllegalStateException("This message cannot be recycled because it "
+ "is still in use.");
}
return;
}
recycleUnchecked();
}
/**
* 具体执行回收当前message到全局池
*/
void recycleUnchecked() {
// Mark the message as in use while it remains in the recycled object pool.
// Clear out all other details.
flags = FLAG_IN_USE;
what = 0;
arg1 = 0;
arg2 = 0;
obj = null;
replyTo = null;
sendingUid = -1;
when = 0;
target = null;
callback = null;
data = null;
synchronized (sPoolSync) {
if (sPoolSize < MAX_POOL_SIZE) {
next = sPool;
sPool = this;
sPoolSize++;
}
}
}
/**
* Make this message like o. Performs a shallow copy of the data field.
* Does not copy the linked list fields, nor the timestamp or
* target/callback of the original message.
*/
public void copyFrom(Message o) {
this.flags = o.flags & ~FLAGS_TO_CLEAR_ON_COPY_FROM;
this.what = o.what;
this.arg1 = o.arg1;
this.arg2 = o.arg2;
this.obj = o.obj;
this.replyTo = o.replyTo;
this.sendingUid = o.sendingUid;
if (o.data != null) {
this.data = (Bundle) o.data.clone();
} else {
this.data = null;
}
}
/**
* 获取when
*/
public long getWhen() {
return when;
}
/**
* 设置target
*/
public void setTarget(Handler target) {
this.target = target;
}
/**
* 获取target
*/
public Handler getTarget() {
return target;
}
/**
* 获取回调
*/
public Runnable getCallback() {
return callback;
}
/**
* 获取Data
*/
public Bundle getData() {
if (data == null) {
data = new Bundle();
}
return data;
}
/**
* Like getData(), but does not lazily create the Bundle. A null
* is returned if the Bundle does not already exist. See
* {@link #getData} for further information on this.
* @see #getData()
* @see #setData(Bundle)
*/
public Bundle peekData() {
return data;
}
/**
* 设置Data
*/
public void setData(Bundle data) {
this.data = data;
}
public void sendToTarget() {
target.sendMessage(this);
}
/**
* Returns true if the message is asynchronous, meaning that it is not
* subject to {@link Looper} synchronization barriers.
*
* @return True if the message is asynchronous.
*
* @see #setAsynchronous(boolean)
*/
public boolean isAsynchronous() {
return (flags & FLAG_ASYNCHRONOUS) != 0;
}
/**
* 设置异步
*/
public void setAsynchronous(boolean async) {
if (async) {
flags |= FLAG_ASYNCHRONOUS;
} else {
flags &= ~FLAG_ASYNCHRONOUS;
}
}
/*package*/ boolean isInUse() {
return ((flags & FLAG_IN_USE) == FLAG_IN_USE);
}
/*package*/ void markInUse() {
flags |= FLAG_IN_USE;
}
/** Constructor (but the preferred way to get a Message is to call {@link #obtain() Message.obtain()}).
*/
public Message() {
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return toString(SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
}
String toString(long now) {
StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder();
b.append("{ when=");
TimeUtils.formatDuration(when - now, b);
if (target != null) {
if (callback != null) {
b.append(" callback=");
b.append(callback.getClass().getName());
} else {
b.append(" what=");
b.append(what);
}
if (arg1 != 0) {
b.append(" arg1=");
b.append(arg1);
}
if (arg2 != 0) {
b.append(" arg2=");
b.append(arg2);
}
if (obj != null) {
b.append(" obj=");
b.append(obj);
}
b.append(" target=");
b.append(target.getClass().getName());
} else {
b.append(" barrier=");
b.append(arg1);
}
b.append(" }");
return b.toString();
}
// 将类的数据写入外部提供的Parcel中和从Parcel中读取数据
void writeToProto(ProtoOutputStream proto, long fieldId) {
final long messageToken = proto.start(fieldId);
proto.write(MessageProto.WHEN, when);
if (target != null) {
if (callback != null) {
proto.write(MessageProto.CALLBACK, callback.getClass().getName());
} else {
proto.write(MessageProto.WHAT, what);
}
if (arg1 != 0) {
proto.write(MessageProto.ARG1, arg1);
}
if (arg2 != 0) {
proto.write(MessageProto.ARG2, arg2);
}
if (obj != null) {
proto.write(MessageProto.OBJ, obj.toString());
}
proto.write(MessageProto.TARGET, target.getClass().getName());
} else {
proto.write(MessageProto.BARRIER, arg1);
}
proto.end(messageToken);
}
public static final Parcelable.Creator<Message> CREATOR
= new Parcelable.Creator<Message>() {
public Message createFromParcel(Parcel source) {
Message msg = Message.obtain();
msg.readFromParcel(source);
return msg;
}
public Message[] newArray(int size) {
return new Message[size];
}
};
public int describeContents() {
return 0;
}
public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
if (callback != null) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Can't marshal callbacks across processes.");
}
dest.writeInt(what);
dest.writeInt(arg1);
dest.writeInt(arg2);
if (obj != null) {
try {
Parcelable p = (Parcelable)obj;
dest.writeInt(1);
dest.writeParcelable(p, flags);
} catch (ClassCastException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Can't marshal non-Parcelable objects across processes.");
}
} else {
dest.writeInt(0);
}
dest.writeLong(when);
dest.writeBundle(data);
Messenger.writeMessengerOrNullToParcel(replyTo, dest);
dest.writeInt(sendingUid);
}
private void readFromParcel(Parcel source) {
what = source.readInt();
arg1 = source.readInt();
arg2 = source.readInt();
if (source.readInt() != 0) {
obj = source.readParcelable(getClass().getClassLoader());
}
when = source.readLong();
data = source.readBundle();
replyTo = Messenger.readMessengerOrNullFromParcel(source);
sendingUid = source.readInt();
}
}总结：
1.在Message创建了一个消息池，用于消息的回收和复用，其最大可维护的数量为50
2.提供了两个方法用于将类的数据写入外部提供的Parcel中和从Parcel中读取数据
3.使用Message.obtain()可以从消息池中获取Message实例
2.MessageQueue(消息队列)
// MessageQueue是专门用来处理Message的，采用链表的形式来管理Message
// 主要包含两个操作，插入和读取
// 读取操作伴随着删除操作
public final class MessageQueue {
Message mMessages;
// 插入
boolean enqueueMessage(Message msg, long when) {
if (msg.target == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Message must have a target.");
}
if (msg.isInUse()) {
throw new IllegalStateException(msg + " This message is already in use.");
}
synchronized (this) { // 同步锁
if (mQuitting) {
IllegalStateException e = new IllegalStateException(
msg.target + " sending message to a Handler on a dead thread");
Log.w(TAG, e.getMessage(), e);
msg.recycle();
return false;
}
// 设置Message正在被使用
msg.markInUse();
// 设置Message的时间
msg.when = when;
// p = null
Message p = mMessages;
boolean needWake;
//添加消息到链表中
if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when) {
// New head, wake up the event queue if blocked.
//之前是空链表的时候读取消息会阻塞，新添加消息后唤醒
msg.next = p;
mMessages = msg;
needWake = mBlocked;
} else {
// Inserted within the middle of the queue. Usually we don't have to wake
// up the event queue unless there is a barrier at the head of the queue
// and the message is the earliest asynchronous message in the queue.
needWake = mBlocked && p.target == null && msg.isAsynchronous();
Message prev;
for (;;) {
prev = p;
p = p.next;
if (p == null || when < p.when) {
break;
}
if (needWake && p.isAsynchronous()) {
needWake = false;
}
}
msg.next = p; // invariant: p == prev.next
prev.next = msg;
}
// We can assume mPtr != 0 because mQuitting is false.
if (needWake) {
nativeWake(mPtr);
}
}
return true;
}
// 删除
Message next() {
// Return here if the message loop has already quit and been disposed.
// This can happen if the application tries to restart a looper after quit
// which is not supported.
final long ptr = mPtr;
if (ptr == 0) {
return null;
}
int pendingIdleHandlerCount = -1; // -1 only during first iteration
int nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0;
for (;;) {
if (nextPollTimeoutMillis != 0) {
Binder.flushPendingCommands();
}
nativePollOnce(ptr, nextPollTimeoutMillis);
synchronized (this) {
// Try to retrieve the next message. Return if found.
final long now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
Message prevMsg = null;
Message msg = mMessages;
if (msg != null && msg.target == null) {
// Stalled by a barrier. Find the next asynchronous message in the queue.
do {
prevMsg = msg;
msg = msg.next;
} while (msg != null && !msg.isAsynchronous());
}
if (msg != null) {
if (now < msg.when) {
// Next message is not ready. Set a timeout to wake up when it is ready.
nextPollTimeoutMillis = (int) Math.min(msg.when - now, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
} else {
// Got a message.
mBlocked = false;
if (prevMsg != null) {
prevMsg.next = msg.next;
} else {
mMessages = msg.next;
}
msg.next = null;
if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Returning message: " + msg);
msg.markInUse();
return msg;
}
} else {
// No more messages.
nextPollTimeoutMillis = -1;
}
// Process the quit message now that all pending messages have been handled.
if (mQuitting) {
dispose();
return null;
}
// If first time idle, then get the number of idlers to run.
// Idle handles only run if the queue is empty or if the first message
// in the queue (possibly a barrier) is due to be handled in the future.
if (pendingIdleHandlerCount < 0
&& (mMessages == null || now < mMessages.when)) {
pendingIdleHandlerCount = mIdleHandlers.size();
}
if (pendingIdleHandlerCount <= 0) {
// No idle handlers to run. Loop and wait some more.
mBlocked = true;
continue;
}
if (mPendingIdleHandlers == null) {
mPendingIdleHandlers = new IdleHandler[Math.max(pendingIdleHandlerCount, 4)];
}
mPendingIdleHandlers = mIdleHandlers.toArray(mPendingIdleHandlers);
}
// Run the idle handlers.
// We only ever reach this code block during the first iteration.
for (int i = 0; i < pendingIdleHandlerCount; i++) {
final IdleHandler idler = mPendingIdleHandlers[i];
mPendingIdleHandlers[i] = null; // release the reference to the handler
boolean keep = false;
try {
keep = idler.queueIdle();
} catch (Throwable t) {
Log.wtf(TAG, "IdleHandler threw exception", t);
}
if (!keep) {
synchronized (this) {
mIdleHandlers.remove(idler);
}
}
}
// Reset the idle handler count to 0 so we do not run them again.
pendingIdleHandlerCount = 0;
// While calling an idle handler, a new message could have been delivered
// so go back and look again for a pending message without waiting.
nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0;
}
}
}
总结：
1.采用单链表的数据结构来存储消息列表
2.用来存放通过Handler发过来的Message,按照先进先出执行
3.Looper循环器
public final class Looper {
private static final String TAG = "Looper";
// 线程本地变量（线程本地存储）
static final ThreadLocal<Looper> sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Looper>();
// 当前Looper实例
private static Looper sMainLooper; // guarded by Looper.class
// 消息队列
final MessageQueue mQueue;
// 当前线程
final Thread mThread;
private Printer mLogging;
private long mTraceTag;
/* If set, the looper will show a warning log if a message dispatch takes longer than time. */
private long mSlowDispatchThresholdMs;
/** Initialize the current thread as a looper.
* This gives you a chance to create handlers that then reference
* this looper, before actually starting the loop. Be sure to call
* {@link #loop()} after calling this method, and end it by calling
* {@link #quit()}.
*/
public static void prepare() {
prepare(true);
}
// 将当前的Looper添加到ThreadLocal中
private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
}
sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
}
/**
* Initialize the current thread as a looper, marking it as an
* application's main looper. The main looper for your application
* is created by the Android environment, so you should never need
* to call this function yourself. See also: {@link #prepare()}
*/
public static void prepareMainLooper() {
prepare(false);
synchronized (Looper.class) {
if (sMainLooper != null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("The main Looper has already been prepared.");
}
// 从副本中拿取当前的Looper对象
sMainLooper = myLooper();
}
}
/**
* Returns the application's main looper, which lives in the main thread of the application.
* 获取主线程的Looper
*/
public static Looper getMainLooper() {
synchronized (Looper.class) {
return sMainLooper;
}
}
/**
* Run the message queue in this thread. Be sure to call
* {@link #quit()} to end the loop.
* 不断循环MessageQueue,从中拿出Message并进行处理
*/
public static void loop() {
final Looper me = myLooper();
if (me == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
}
final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
// Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
// and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
for (;;) {
Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
if (msg == null) {
// No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
return;
}
// This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
final Printer logging = me.mLogging;
if (logging != null) {
logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
}
final long slowDispatchThresholdMs = me.mSlowDispatchThresholdMs;
final long traceTag = me.mTraceTag;
if (traceTag != 0 && Trace.isTagEnabled(traceTag)) {
Trace.traceBegin(traceTag, msg.target.getTraceName(msg));
}
final long start = (slowDispatchThresholdMs == 0) ? 0 : SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
final long end;
try {
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
end = (slowDispatchThresholdMs == 0) ? 0 : SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
} finally {
if (traceTag != 0) {
Trace.traceEnd(traceTag);
}
}
if (slowDispatchThresholdMs > 0) {
final long time = end - start;
if (time > slowDispatchThresholdMs) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Dispatch took " + time + "ms on "
+ Thread.currentThread().getName() + ", h=" +
msg.target + " cb=" + msg.callback + " msg=" + msg.what);
}
}
if (logging != null) {
logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);
}
// Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
// identity of the thread wasn't corrupted.
final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
if (ident != newIdent) {
Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "
+ msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
+ msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);
}
msg.recycleUnchecked();
}
}
/**
* Return the Looper object associated with the current thread. Returns
* null if the calling thread is not associated with a Looper.
* 得到当前线程
*/
public static @Nullable Looper myLooper() {
return sThreadLocal.get();
}
/**
* Return the {@link MessageQueue} object associated with the current
* thread. This must be called from a thread running a Looper, or a
* NullPointerException will be thrown.
* 得到当前线程的MessageQueue对象
*/
public static @NonNull MessageQueue myQueue() {
return myLooper().mQueue;
}
// 创建MessageQueue，得到当前线程
private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) {
mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed);
mThread = Thread.currentThread();
}
/**
* Returns true if the current thread is this looper's thread.
*/
public boolean isCurrentThread() {
return Thread.currentThread() == mThread;
}
/**
* Control logging of messages as they are processed by this Looper. If
* enabled, a log message will be written to <var>printer</var>
* at the beginning and ending of each message dispatch, identifying the
* target Handler and message contents.
*
* @param printer A Printer object that will receive log messages, or
* null to disable message logging.
*/
public void setMessageLogging(@Nullable Printer printer) {
mLogging = printer;
}
/** {@hide} */
public void setTraceTag(long traceTag) {
mTraceTag = traceTag;
}
/** {@hide} */
public void setSlowDispatchThresholdMs(long slowDispatchThresholdMs) {
mSlowDispatchThresholdMs = slowDispatchThresholdMs;
}
/**
* Quits the looper.
* <p>
* Causes the {@link #loop} method to terminate without processing any
* more messages in the message queue.
* </p><p>
* Any attempt to post messages to the queue after the looper is asked to quit will fail.
* For example, the {@link Handler#sendMessage(Message)} method will return false.
* </p><p class="note">
* Using this method may be unsafe because some messages may not be delivered
* before the looper terminates. Consider using {@link #quitSafely} instead to ensure
* that all pending work is completed in an orderly manner.
* </p>
*
* @see #quitSafely
*/
public void quit() {
mQueue.quit(false);
}
/**
* Quits the looper safely.
* <p>
* Causes the {@link #loop} method to terminate as soon as all remaining messages
* in the message queue that are already due to be delivered have been handled.
* However pending delayed messages with due times in the future will not be
* delivered before the loop terminates.
* </p><p>
* Any attempt to post messages to the queue after the looper is asked to quit will fail.
* For example, the {@link Handler#sendMessage(Message)} method will return false.
* </p>
*/
public void quitSafely() {
mQueue.quit(true);
}
/**
* Gets the Thread associated with this Looper.
*
* @return The looper's thread.
*/
public @NonNull Thread getThread() {
return mThread;
}
/**
* Gets this looper's message queue.
*
* @return The looper's message queue.
*/
public @NonNull MessageQueue getQueue() {
return mQueue;
}
/**
* Dumps the state of the looper for debugging purposes.
*
* @param pw A printer to receive the contents of the dump.
* @param prefix A prefix to prepend to each line which is printed.
*/
public void dump(@NonNull Printer pw, @NonNull String prefix) {
pw.println(prefix + toString());
mQueue.dump(pw, prefix + " ", null);
}
/**
* Dumps the state of the looper for debugging purposes.
*
* @param pw A printer to receive the contents of the dump.
* @param prefix A prefix to prepend to each line which is printed.
* @param handler Only dump messages for this Handler.
* @hide
*/
public void dump(@NonNull Printer pw, @NonNull String prefix, Handler handler) {
pw.println(prefix + toString());
mQueue.dump(pw, prefix + " ", handler);
}
/** @hide */
public void writeToProto(ProtoOutputStream proto, long fieldId) {
final long looperToken = proto.start(fieldId);
proto.write(LooperProto.THREAD_NAME, mThread.getName());
proto.write(LooperProto.THREAD_ID, mThread.getId());
proto.write(LooperProto.IDENTITY_HASH_CODE, System.identityHashCode(this));
mQueue.writeToProto(proto, LooperProto.QUEUE);
proto.end(looperToken);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Looper (" + mThread.getName() + ", tid " + mThread.getId()
+ ") {" + Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(this)) + "}";
}
}总结：
1.维护了一个sThreadLocal来管理Looper对象
2.调用loop()方法不断循环MessageQueue里面的Message并进行处理
看完上面的这些可能有些同学依然比较懵逼，不要急，大家先弄明白这几个类是干嘛用的。那么接下来我就带大家来看看这几个都是如何关联起来的
首先我们先找到程序的入口，即ActivityThread.main()
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 省略部分代码
Looper.prepareMainLooper();
ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
thread.attach(false);
if (sMainThreadHandler == null) {
sMainThreadHandler = thread.getHandler();
}
if (false) {
Looper.myLooper().setMessageLogging(new
LogPrinter(Log.DEBUG, "ActivityThread"));
}
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
Looper.loop();
// 省略部分代码
}1.首先我们来看看prepareMainLooper()里面做了些什么操作
public static void prepareMainLooper() {
prepare(false);
synchronized (Looper.class) {
if (sMainLooper != null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("The main Looper has already been prepared.");
}
sMainLooper = myLooper();
}
} private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
}
sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
}
// get()方法是用来获取ThreadLocal在当前线程中保存的变量副本
public T get() {
// 获取当前线程
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
// 当前线程在ThreadLocalMap中是否存在
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
// 当前线程在ThreadLocalMap中存在
if (map != null) {
// 获取当前线程对应的ThreadLocal
ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);
if (e != null) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
T result = (T)e.value;
return result;
}
}
return setInitialValue();
} // 如果map不为空，就设置键值对，为空，再创建Map
private T setInitialValue() {
T value = initialValue();
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
if (map != null)
map.set(this, value);
else
createMap(t, value);
return value;
}总结：
1. 首先，在每个线程Thread内部有一个ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap类型的成员变量threadLocals，这个threadLocals就是用来存储实际的变量副本的，键值为当前ThreadLocal变量，value为变量副本（即T类型的变量）。
2. 初始时，在Thread里面，threadLocals为空，当通过ThreadLocal变量调用get()方法或者set()方法，就会对Thread类中的threadLocals进行初始化，并且以当前ThreadLocal变量为键值，以ThreadLocal要保存的副本变量为value，存到threadLocals。
3. 然后在当前线程里面，如果要使用副本变量，就可以通过get方法在threadLocals里面查找。
4. Looper里面存放了MessageQueue和当前的Thread
接下来执行Looper.loop();
public static void loop() {
// 获取当前的Looper
final Looper me = myLooper();
if (me == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
}
// 获取当前Looper的MessageQueue
final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
// Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
// and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
// 不断循环遍历MessageQueue里面的Message
for (;;) {
Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
if (msg == null) {
// No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
return;
}
// This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
final Printer logging = me.mLogging;
if (logging != null) {
logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
}
final long slowDispatchThresholdMs = me.mSlowDispatchThresholdMs;
final long traceTag = me.mTraceTag;
if (traceTag != 0 && Trace.isTagEnabled(traceTag)) {
Trace.traceBegin(traceTag, msg.target.getTraceName(msg));
}
final long start = (slowDispatchThresholdMs == 0) ? 0 : SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
final long end;
try {
// 发送消息到目标的dispatchMessage
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
end = (slowDispatchThresholdMs == 0) ? 0 : SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
} finally {
if (traceTag != 0) {
Trace.traceEnd(traceTag);
}
}
// 省略代码
}
} 使用Handler把Message插入到MessageQueue里面
public Handler() {
this(null, false);
}
public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) {
if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) {
final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass();
if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) &&
(klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {
Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " +
klass.getCanonicalName());
}
}
mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
if (mLooper == null) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
}
mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
mCallback = callback;
mAsynchronous = async;
}
public static @Nullable Looper myLooper() {
return sThreadLocal.get();
}首先在实例化Handler的时候，会去找到对应的Looper对象，从而获取到Looper对象里面的MessageQueue
public final boolean sendMessage(Message msg){
return sendMessageDelayed(msg, 0);
}
public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis){
if (delayMillis < 0) {
delayMillis = 0;
}
return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis);
}
public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
if (queue == null) {
RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
return false;
}
return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);
}
private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
msg.target = this;
if (mAsynchronous) {
msg.setAsynchronous(true);
}
// 最终会执行到MessageQueue里面的enqueueMessage方法
return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
}至此，Handler的源码分析到这里就结束了。在看源码的时候，一行一行来，不会的地方画图理解，这样的话就很容易看懂了。下面是我在看的时候画的一张图，仅供参考
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