缓冲流BufferedInputStream，BufferedOutputStream，BufferedReader， BufferedWriter

什么是缓冲流

缓冲流就是为读写流的创建一个缓冲区，通过缓冲区进行读写。

分为四类：BufferedInputStream，BufferedOutputStream，BufferedReader， BufferedWriter

为什么需要缓冲流

使用非缓冲流时，每次读写操作系统都会进行I/O操作，I/O操作是很耗时的。

如果能为读写流的创建一个缓冲区，通过缓冲区进行读写，就能减少操作系统I/O的次数，从而提高读写六的速度。

如何使用缓冲流

BufferedInputStream，BufferedOutputStream

下面是一个复制文件的例子

需要注意的是必须使用一个InputStream/OutputStream来创建BufferedInputStream/BufferedOutputStream

public static void main(String[] args) {
    try (InputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(new File("a.txt")));
         OutputStream out = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(new File("a.txt.bak")))) {
        byte[] buff = new byte[1024];
        int len = -1;
        while ((len = in.read(buff)) != -1) {
            out.write(buff, 0, len);
        }
        // out.flush(); close 方法中会调用flush
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

BufferedReader， BufferedWriter

下面是一个复制文件的例子

public static void main(String[] args) {
    try (Reader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(new File("a.txt")));
         Writer writer = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(new File("a.txt.bak")))) {
        char[] buff = new char[1024];
        int len = -1;
        while ((len = reader.read()) != -1) {
            writer.write(buff, 0, len);
        }
        // writer.flush(); close 方法中会调用flush
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

缓冲流与非缓冲流的速度对比

使用缓冲流复制文件用时

public static void main(String[] args) {
    long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
    try (InputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(new File("D:\\soft\\jdk-14.0.2_windows-x64_bin.zip")));
         OutputStream out = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(new File("D:\\soft\\jdk-14.0.2_windows-x64_bin.zip.bak")))) {
        byte[] buff = new byte[1024];
        int len = -1;
        while ((len = in.read(buff)) != -1) {
            out.write(buff, 0, len);
        }
        // out.flush(); close 方法中会调用flush
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    System.out.println("用时：" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
}

运行结果

用时：280

使用非缓冲流复制文件用时

public static void main(String[] args) {
    long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
    try (InputStream in = new FileInputStream(new File("D:\\soft\\jdk-14.0.2_windows-x64_bin.zip"));
         OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(new File("D:\\soft\\jdk-14.0.2_windows-x64_bin.zip.bak"))) 	{
        byte[] buff = new byte[1024];
        int len = -1;
        while ((len = in.read(buff)) != -1) {
            out.write(buff, 0, len);
        }
        // out.flush(); close 方法中会调用flush
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    System.out.println("用时：" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
}

运行结果

用时：1040

可以看到缓冲流比非缓冲流快很多