观察者模式

概念

1. 定义：观察者模式也叫做发布订阅模式。定义对象间一种一对多的依赖关系，使得每当一个对象改变状态，则所有依赖他的对象都会得到通知并自动更新
2. 优点：
   • 观察者和被观察者之间是抽象耦合
   • 建立一套触发机制
3. 缺点：
   • 观察者较多的时候通知的效率问题
   • Java中消息的通知默认是顺序执行，一个观察者卡壳，会影响整体的执行效率（考虑使用异步处理）
4. 举例：文件系统
   在一个目录下创建一个1KB文件，这个动作就会通知目录管理器增加该文件目录，通知磁盘管理器减少1KB空间，在这种场景下，文件是一个被观察者，目录管理器和磁盘管理器是观察者

实现代码1

public class Observable {
  private Vector<Observer> observers = new Vector<>();

  public void addObserver(Observer observer) {
    observers.add(observer);
  }

  public void deleteObserver(Observer observer) {
    observers.remove(observer);
  }

  public void notify(Object object) {
    observers.forEach(observer -> observer.update(object));
  }
}

public interface Observer {
  void update(Object object);
}

public class Observer1 implements Observer {
  private String name;

  public Observer1(String name) {
    this.name = name;
  }

  @Override
  public void update(Object object) {
    System.out.println(name + " observer ==>" + object.toString());
  }
}

public interface SubjectInterface {
  void doSomething();
}

public class Subject extends Observable implements SubjectInterface {
  private String name;

  public Subject(String name) {
    this.name = name;
  }

  @Override
  public void doSomething() {
    System.out.println(name + " is do something");
    super.notify(name + " is do something");
  }
}

public class Client {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Observer observer1 = new Observer1("Feng Hu");
    Subject subject = new Subject("Hua Lee");
    subject.addObserver(observer1);
    subject.doSomething();
  }
}

实现代码2

public interface SubjectInterface {
  void doSomething();
}

public class Subject extends Observable implements SubjectInterface {
  private String name;

  public Subject(String name) {
    this.name = name;
  }

  @Override
  public void doSomething() {
    System.out.println(name + " is do something");
    super.setChanged();
    super.notifyObservers(name + " is do something");
  }
}

public class Observer1 implements Observer {
  private String name;

  public Observer1(String name) {
    this.name = name;
  }

  @Override
  public void update(Observable o, Object arg) {
    System.out.println("Observer1 " + name + " update==> " + arg.toString());
  }
}

public class Client {
  public static void main(String args[]) {
    Observer1 observer1 = new Observer1("Feng Hu");
    Subject subject = new Subject("Hua Lee");
    subject.addObserver(observer1);
    subject.doSomething();
  }
}