Python scope test

java里不可以方法里嵌套方法，但是python可以

global - myprogram.py
      spam - “global spam”
function - scope_test()
      spam = “test spam”
                = “nonlocal spam”
local - do_local()
      spam = “local spam”

注意print()打印出的内容，始终在scope_test()方法下，所以它打印出的spam永远都是 function spam。

下面是详细的运行过程：

1. 程序执行scope_test方法，该方法下spam = “test spam”
2. 程序开始执行do_local()方法，注意do_local方法里赋值的是local spam, 它并不影响 function spam。 所以此时打印的结果为：After local assignment: test spam
3. 程序开始执行do_nonlocal()方法，注意这个方法里的nonlocal spam, nonlocal 改变的是function spam, 所以此时function spam变成了“nonlocal spam”, 打印结果为**“After nonlocal assignment: nonlocal spam”**
4. 程序开始执行do_global()方法，注意这个方法里的global spam, global 改变的是global spam, 所以此时global spam变成了“global spam”, 但function spam仍然还是"nonlocal spam"，因此打印结果为**“After global assignment: nonlocal spam”**
5. scope_test()方法结束，该文件myprogram.py开始调用scope_test()

def scope_test():
    def do_local():
        spam = "local spam"

    def do_nonlocal():
        nonlocal spam
        spam = "nonlocal spam"

    def do_global():
        global spam
        spam = "global spam"

    spam = "test spam"
    do_local()
    print("After local assignment:", spam)

    do_nonlocal()
    print("After nonlocal assignment:", spam)

    do_global()
    print("After global assignment:", spam)

scope_test()
print("In global scope:", spam)

运行结果：