学习 《Think in java》类型信息练习1:
删除反射创建的类的默认无参构造函数时,使用Class.newInstance()时,报错: java.lang.InstantiationException
部分代码如下:
package classtoy; public class FancyToy extends Toy implements HasBatteries, Shoots, Waterproof { public FancyToy() { super(1); } }
package classtoy; public class Toy { Toy(int i) { } }
package classtoy; import java.lang.reflect.Constructor; import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException; import java.util.Arrays; public class ToyTest { static void printInfo(Class cc) { System.out.println("Class name:" + cc.getName()); System.out.println("is Interface:" + cc.isInterface()); System.out.println("Simple name:" + cc.getSimpleName()); System.out.println("Canonical name:" + cc.getCanonicalName() + "\n"); } public static void main(String[] args) { Class c = null; try { c = Class.forName("classtoy.FancyToy"); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); System.exit(1); } printInfo(c); Arrays.stream(c.getInterfaces()).forEach(ToyTest::printInfo); Class up = c.getSuperclass(); Object obj = null; try { obj = up.newInstance(); // Constructor constructor = up.getDeclaredConstructor(int.class); // obj = constructor.newInstance(1); } catch (IllegalAccessException | InstantiationException e) { e.printStackTrace(); System.exit(1); } // catch (NoSuchMethodException | InvocationTargetException e) { // e.printStackTrace(); // } printInfo(obj.getClass()); } }
这里Toy类默认为int参数构造函数,因为newInstance()方法只能调用无参构造函数,所以创建实例失败即报错 java.lang.InstantiationException。
如果使用Constructor.newInstance()
修改代码即可正常运行:
package classtoy; import java.lang.reflect.Constructor; import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException; import java.util.Arrays; public class ToyTest { static void printInfo(Class cc) { System.out.println("Class name:" + cc.getName()); System.out.println("is Interface:" + cc.isInterface()); System.out.println("Simple name:" + cc.getSimpleName()); System.out.println("Canonical name:" + cc.getCanonicalName() + "\n"); } public static void main(String[] args) { Class c = null; try { c = Class.forName("classtoy.FancyToy"); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); System.exit(1); } printInfo(c); Arrays.stream(c.getInterfaces()).forEach(ToyTest::printInfo); Class up = c.getSuperclass(); Object obj = null; try { // obj = up.newInstance(); //获取参数类型为int的声明式构造函数 Constructor constructor = up.getDeclaredConstructor(int.class); obj = constructor.newInstance(1); } catch (IllegalAccessException | InstantiationException e) { e.printStackTrace(); System.exit(1); } catch (NoSuchMethodException | InvocationTargetException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } printInfo(obj.getClass()); } }
这里注意的是获取声明构造函数时需要加上对应参数类型calss可变参数,方能获取到相同参数的构造函数
百度newInstance(http://blog.csdn.net/qq_30175203/article/details/49666695###;):
通过反射创建新的类示例,有两种方式:
Class.newInstance()
Constructor.newInstance()
以下对两种调用方式给以比较说明:
Class.newInstance() 只能够调用无参的构造函数,即默认的构造函数;
Constructor.newInstance() 可以根据传入的参数,调用任意构造构造函数。
Class.newInstance() 抛出所有由被调用构造函数抛出的异常。
Class.newInstance() 要求被调用的构造函数是可见的,也即必须是public类型的;
Constructor.newInstance() 在特定的情况下,可以调用私有的构造函数。