【Linux驱动篇】杂项设备

【Linux驱动篇】杂项设备

说明

杂项设备是属于字符设备中的一种设备，可以自动生成设备节点，主设备（唯一）相同都为10，次设备号（不唯一）不同。
在系统中可以通过以下方式查看设备信息：

cat /proc/misc       # 命令查看杂项设备   
cat /proc/devices  # 命令查看设备号

相关结构体描述

杂项设备结构体描述:

源码路径 ：include/linux/miscdevice.h

struct miscdevice  {
     int minor;//次设备号
     const char *name;//设备名
     const struct file_operations *fops;//文件操作集
     struct list_head list;
     struct device *parent;
     struct device *this_device;
     const struct attribute_group **groups;
     const char *nodename;
     umode_t mode;
 };

file_operations 结构体描述

源码路径 ：include/linux/fs.h

struct file_operations {
	struct module *owner;
	loff_t (*llseek) (struct file *, loff_t, int);
	ssize_t (*read) (struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
	ssize_t (*write) (struct file *, const char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
	ssize_t (*read_iter) (struct kiocb *, struct iov_iter *);
	ssize_t (*write_iter) (struct kiocb *, struct iov_iter *);
	int (*iterate) (struct file *, struct dir_context *);
	unsigned int (*poll) (struct file *, struct poll_table_struct *);
	long (*unlocked_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
	long (*compat_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
	int (*mmap) (struct file *, struct vm_area_struct *);
	int (*mremap)(struct file *, struct vm_area_struct *);
	int (*open) (struct inode *, struct file *);
	int (*flush) (struct file *, fl_owner_t id);
	int (*release) (struct inode *, struct file *);
	int (*fsync) (struct file *, loff_t, loff_t, int datasync);
	int (*aio_fsync) (struct kiocb *, int datasync);
	int (*fasync) (int, struct file *, int);
	int (*lock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *);
	ssize_t (*sendpage) (struct file *, struct page *, int, size_t, loff_t *, int);
	unsigned long (*get_unmapped_area)(struct file *, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long);
	int (*check_flags)(int);
	int (*flock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *);
	ssize_t (*splice_write)(struct pipe_inode_info *, struct file *, loff_t *, size_t, unsigned int);
	ssize_t (*splice_read)(struct file *, loff_t *, struct pipe_inode_info *, size_t, unsigned int);
	int (*setlease)(struct file *, long, struct file_lock **, void **);
	long (*fallocate)(struct file *file, int mode, loff_t offset,
			  loff_t len);
	void (*show_fdinfo)(struct seq_file *m, struct file *f);
#ifndef CONFIG_MMU
	unsigned (*mmap_capabilities)(struct file *);
#endif
};

杂项设备操作函数

int misc_register(struct miscdevice *misc);//注册杂项设备
int misc_deregister(struct miscdevice *misc);//注销杂项设备

杂项设备驱动开发

基本流程

# 1、填充struct miscdevice结构体
# 2、填充file_operations 结构体
# 3、注册杂项设备并生成设备节点

例子：

1、新建 drv_misc.c 文件，内容如下

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>

struct file_operations misc_fops = {
	.owner = THIS_MODULE
};

struct miscdevice misc_dev = {
	.minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,//自动获取次设备号
	.name = "test_misc",
	.fops = &misc_fops
};


static int misc_init(void)
{
	int ret;
	ret = misc_register(&misc_dev);
	if(ret < 0){
		printk("misc register is error\n");
		return -1;
	}
	printk("misc register is success\n");
	return 0;
}

static void misc_exit(void)
{
	misc_deregister(&misc_dev);
	printk("misc deregister is success\n");
}

module_init(misc_init);c
module_exit(misc_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

2、新建 Makefile 文件，内容如下

obj-m += misc.o #先写生成的中间文件的名字是什么，-m 的意思是把我们的驱动编译成模块 
KDIR:=/home/magicking/study/imx6ull/tool/linux-imx-rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga/ #Linux内核源码
PWD?=$(shell pwd) #获取当前目录的变量 
all:
	make -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) modules #make 会进入内核源码的路径，然后把当前路径下的代码编译成 模块

3、编译

make

注意：

编译前记得配置环境

export ARCH=arm
export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi-