c++ vector中push_back和emplace_back的区别

转载整理自： https://blog.csdn.net/xiaolewennofollow/article/details/52559364

---

一、二者区别

push_back的内部流程
无右值引用之前

1. 调用构造函数，构造一个临时对象
2. 调用拷贝构造函数，复制临时对象到容器的末尾
3. 释放临时对象

有了右值引用之后
4. 调用构造函数，构造一个临时对象
5. 调用移动构造函数 （std::），移动临时对象到容器的末尾

emplace_back的内部流程
直接在容器末尾利用构造函数创建对象

二、举例说明

#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
 
 
struct President
{
 
    std::string name;
    std::string country;
    int year;
 
    //构造函数
    President(std::string p_name, std::string p_country, int p_year) : name(std::move(p_name)), country(std::move(p_country)), year(p_year)
    {
        std::cout << "I am being constructed.\n";
    }
 
 
    //复制构造函数
    President(const President& other)
        : name(std::move(other.name)), country(std::move(other.country)), year(other.year)
    {
        std::cout << "I am being copy constructed.\n";
    }
 
    //转移构造函数
    President(President&& other)
        : name(std::move(other.name)), country(std::move(other.country)), year(other.year)
    {
        std::cout << "I am being moved.\n";
    }
 
    //赋值运算符函数
    President& operator=(const President& other);
};
 
 
int main()
{
    std::vector<President> elections;
    std::cout << "emplace_back:\n";
    elections.emplace_back("Nelson Mandela", "South Africa", 1994); //没有类的创建
 
    std::vector<President> reElections;
    std::cout << "\npush_back:\n";
    reElections.push_back(President("Franklin Delano Roosevelt", "the USA", 1936));
 
    std::cout << "\nContents:\n";
    for (President const& president: elections) {
        std::cout << president.name << " was elected president of " << president.country << " in " << president.year << ".\n";
    }
 
    for (President const& president: reElections) {
        std::cout << president.name << " was re-elected president of " << president.country << " in " << president.year << ".\n";
    }
}

输出

emplace_back:
I am being constructed.
 
 
push_back:
I am being constructed.
I am being moved.
 
 
Contents:
Nelson Mandela was elected president of South Africa in 1994.

说明
从上面的代码输出可以看到，emplace_back只有一个构造的过程，push_back有一个构造和移动的过程.