安卓驱动开发之-（一）LED初体验

本文介绍在4412开发板下的LED驱动的开发流程。

安卓LED驱动开发的流程为：
驱动层设计--->JNI层设计--->上层APP设计

一、LED驱动开发

#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/ioctl.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
 
#include <linux/gpio.h>
#include <mach/gpio.h>
#include <plat/gpio-cfg.h>

static int led_gpios[] = {
	EXYNOS4212_GPM4(0),
	EXYNOS4212_GPM4(1),
	EXYNOS4212_GPM4(2),
	EXYNOS4212_GPM4(3),
};

static int led_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
	/* 配置GPIO为输出引脚 */
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
		s3c_gpio_cfgpin(led_gpios[i], S3C_GPIO_OUTPUT);
	
	return 0;
}

/* app : ioctl(fd, cmd, arg) */
static long led_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd,
		unsigned long arg)
{
	/* 根据传入的参数设置GPIO */
	/* cmd : 0-off, 1-on */
	/* arg : 0-3, which led */

	if ((cmd != 0) && (cmd != 1))
		return -EINVAL;
	
	if (arg > 4)
		return -EINVAL;
	
	gpio_set_value(led_gpios[arg], !cmd);
	
	return 0;
}

static struct file_operations leds_ops = {
    .owner  =   THIS_MODULE,    /* 这是一个宏，推向编译模块时自动创建的__this_module变量 */
    .open   =   led_open,     
	.unlocked_ioctl	= led_ioctl,
	
};

static int major;
static struct class *cls;

int leds_init(void)
{
	major = register_chrdev(0, "leds", &leds_ops);

	/* 为了让系统udev,mdev给我们创建设备节点 */
	/* 创建类, 在类下创建设备 : /sys */
	cls = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "leds");
	device_create(cls, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "leds"); /* /dev/leds */
	
	return 0;
}

void leds_exit(void)
{
	device_destroy(cls, MKDEV(major, 0));
	class_destroy(cls);
	unregister_chrdev(major, "leds");
}

module_init(leds_init);
module_exit(leds_exit);

二、JNI层设计

#include <jni.h>  /* /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-amd64/include/ */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>

#include <android/log.h>  /* liblog */

//__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, "JNIDemo", "native add ...");

 
#if 0
typedef struct {
    char *name;          /* Java里调用的函数名 */
    char *signature;    /* JNI字段描述符, 用来表示Java里调用的函数的参数和返回值类型 */
    void *fnPtr;          /* C语言实现的本地函数 */
} JNINativeMethod;
#endif

static jint fd;

jint ledOpen(JNIEnv *env, jobject cls)
{
	fd = open("/dev/leds", O_RDWR);
	__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, "LEDDemo", "native ledOpen : %d", fd);
	if (fd >= 0)
		return 0;
	else
		return -1;
}

void ledClose(JNIEnv *env, jobject cls)
{
	__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, "LEDDemo", "native ledClose ...");
	close(fd);
}


jint ledCtrl(JNIEnv *env, jobject cls, jint which, jint status)
{
	int ret = ioctl(fd, status, which);
	__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, "LEDDemo", "native ledCtrl : %d, %d, %d", which, status, ret);
	return ret;
}


static const JNINativeMethod methods[] = {
	{"ledOpen", "()I", (void *)ledOpen},
	{"ledClose", "()V", (void *)ledClose},
	{"ledCtrl", "(II)I", (void *)ledCtrl},
};




/* System.loadLibrary */
JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL
JNI_OnLoad(JavaVM *jvm, void *reserved)
{
	JNIEnv *env;
	jclass cls;

	if ((*jvm)->GetEnv(jvm, (void **)&env, JNI_VERSION_1_4)) {
		return JNI_ERR; /* JNI version not supported */
	}
	cls = (*env)->FindClass(env, "com/thisway/hardlibrary/HardControl");
	if (cls == NULL) {
		return JNI_ERR;
	}

	/* 2. map java hello <-->c c_hello */
	if ((*env)->RegisterNatives(env, cls, methods, sizeof(methods)/sizeof(methods[0])) < 0)
		return JNI_ERR;

	return JNI_VERSION_1_4;
}

通过open("/dev/leds", O_RDWR);打开我们自行设计的led驱动，映射出ioctl函数等，从而生成java可以调用的c函数。

三、APP设计

需求：APP中设计四个按钮分别控制四个LED，然后还有一个总开关。

先上效果图：

（1）、layout/activity_main.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" tools:context=".MainActivity"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    >

    <TextView android:text="Cw First APP LED CTL"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/BUTTON"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="ALL ON"
        />

    <CheckBox
        android:id="@+id/LED1"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="LED1"
        android:onClick="onCheckboxClicked"
        />

    <CheckBox
        android:id="@+id/LED2"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="LED2"
        android:onClick="onCheckboxClicked"
        />

    <CheckBox
        android:id="@+id/LED3"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="LED3"
        android:onClick="onCheckboxClicked"
        />

    <CheckBox
        android:id="@+id/LED4"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="LED4"
        android:onClick="onCheckboxClicked"
        />

</LinearLayout>

（2）、MainActivity.java

package com.thisway.app_0001_leddemo;

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.CheckBox;
import android.widget.Toast;
import com.thisway.hardlibrary.*;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private boolean ledon = false;
    private Button button = null;
    private CheckBox checkBoxLed1 = null;
    private CheckBox checkBoxLed2 = null;
    private CheckBox checkBoxLed3 = null;
    private CheckBox checkBoxLed4 = null;

    class MyButtonListener implements View.OnClickListener {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            ledon = !ledon;
            if (ledon) {
                button.setText("ALL OFF");
                checkBoxLed1.setChecked(true);
                checkBoxLed2.setChecked(true);
                checkBoxLed3.setChecked(true);
                checkBoxLed4.setChecked(true);

                for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
                    HardControl.ledCtrl(i, 1);
            }
            else {
                button.setText("ALL ON");
                checkBoxLed1.setChecked(false);
                checkBoxLed2.setChecked(false);
                checkBoxLed3.setChecked(false);
                checkBoxLed4.setChecked(false);

                for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
                    HardControl.ledCtrl(i, 0);
            }
        }
    }

    public void onCheckboxClicked(View view) {
        // Is the view now checked?
        boolean checked = ((CheckBox) view).isChecked();

        // Check which checkbox was clicked
        switch(view.getId()) {
            case R.id.LED1:
                if (checked) {
                    // Put some meat on the sandwich
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "LED1 on", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    HardControl.ledCtrl(0, 1);
                }
                else {
                    // Remove the meat
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "LED1 off", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    HardControl.ledCtrl(0, 0);
                }
                break;
            case R.id.LED2:
                if (checked) {
                    // Put some meat on the sandwich
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "LED2 on", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    HardControl.ledCtrl(1, 1);
                }
                else {
                    // Remove the meat
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "LED2 off", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    HardControl.ledCtrl(1, 0);
                }
                break;

            case R.id.LED3:
                if (checked) {
                    // Put some meat on the sandwich
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "LED3 on", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    HardControl.ledCtrl(2, 1);
                }
                else {
                    // Remove the meat
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "LED3 off", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    HardControl.ledCtrl(2, 0);
                }
                break;

            case R.id.LED4:
                if (checked) {
                    // Put some meat on the sandwich
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "LED4 on", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    HardControl.ledCtrl(3, 1);
                }
                else {
                    // Remove the meat
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "LED4 off", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    HardControl.ledCtrl(3, 0);
                }
                break;
            // TODO: Veggie sandwich
        }
    }
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.BUTTON);

        HardControl.ledOpen();

        checkBoxLed1 = (CheckBox) findViewById(R.id.LED1);
        checkBoxLed2 = (CheckBox) findViewById(R.id.LED2);
        checkBoxLed3 = (CheckBox) findViewById(R.id.LED3);
        checkBoxLed4 = (CheckBox) findViewById(R.id.LED4);

        button.setOnClickListener(new MyButtonListener());
/*
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            public void onClick(View v) {
                // Perform action on click
                ledon = !ledon;
                if (ledon)
                    button.setText("ALL OFF");
                else
                    button.setText("ALL ON");
            }
        });
*/
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_main, menu);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        // Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will
        // automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long
        // as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml.
        int id = item.getItemId();

        //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
        if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
            return true;
        }

        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }
}

注：主要用到的技术

1>、选中Button按shift+F1,打开Button文档看到这样一段代码

 public class MyActivity extends Activity {
     protected void onCreate(Bundle icicle) {
         super.onCreate(icicle);

         setContentView(R.layout.content_layout_id);

         final Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button_id);
         button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
             public void onClick(View v) {
                 // Perform action on click
             }
         });
     }
 }

实际应用过程中重写了OnClickListener方法。

2>、同样的操作打开CheckBox的文档，打开CheckBox Guid

public void onCheckboxClicked(View view) {
    // Is the view now checked?
    boolean checked = ((CheckBox) view).isChecked();

    // Check which checkbox was clicked
    switch(view.getId()) {
        case R.id.checkbox_meat:
            if (checked)
                // Put some meat on the sandwich
            else
                // Remove the meat
            break;
        case R.id.checkbox_cheese:
            if (checked)
                // Cheese me
            else
                // I'm lactose intolerant
            break;
        // TODO: Veggie sandwich
    }
}

在这之前我们要在xml文件为Checkboxes添加onCheckboxClicked属性：

    <CheckBox
        android:id="@+id/LED1"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="LED1"
        android:onClick="onCheckboxClicked"
        />

这样我们点击按钮就能顺利执行相应的操作了。

四、总结

有这个例子我们可以了解一下安卓驱动开发的一般流程，由此可以看出安卓驱动开发的驱动层和之前linux下的开发基本雷同，主要是JNI层的设计，其次就是后期驱动程序的测试，因此我们还应具备编写安卓APP的能力。