python中 一种函数式编程方式的整理

1. 形式一：使用if else，判断不同情况

def func(var):
    if var == "a":
        print("执行情况a")
    elif var == "b":
        print("执行情况b")
    elif var == "c":
        print("执行行情况c")
    elif var == "d":
        print("执行行情况d")

func(var="a")
func(var="b")
func(var="c")
func(var="d")

2.形式二：封装方法，将方法放到字典里面判断不同情况

这种方法易于理解，但它有一个缺点，即字典的键必须是可哈希的，因此不能使用像列表或字典这样的变量作为事件消息。

def func_var_a():
    print("执行情况a")


def func_var_b():
    print("执行情况b")


def func_var_c():
    print("执行情况c")


def func_var_d():
    print("执行情况d")


event = {"a": func_var_a, "b": func_var_b, "c": func_var_c, "d": func_var_d}


def trigger(var):
    event[var]()


trigger(var='a')
trigger(var='b')
trigger(var='c')
trigger(var='d')

3.形式三：利用装饰器，模拟事件驱动的情况

相较于第二种形式，使用了装饰器，虽然增加了代码复杂性，但我认为这样做更有利于开发人员整理逻辑。然而，与第二种方法相同，它也无法处理像列表或字典这样的变量作为事件消息。

class EventDispatcher:

    def __init__(self):
        self._events = {}

    def register_event(self, var):
        def decorator(func):
            self._events[var] = func

        return decorator

    def run(self, var):
        self._events[var]()


eventdispatcher = EventDispatcher()


@eventdispatcher.register_event("a")
def func_var_a():
    print("执行情况a")


@eventdispatcher.register_event("b")
def func_var_b():
    print("执行情况b")


@eventdispatcher.register_event("c")
def func_var_c():
    print("执行情况c")


@eventdispatcher.register_event("d")
def func_var_d():
    print("执行情况d")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    eventdispatcher.run(var='a')
    eventdispatcher.run(var='b')
    eventdispatcher.run(var='c')
    eventdispatcher.run(var='d')

4.形式四：基于形式三的一种优化 - 仅会执行最匹配事件消息的驱动方法

通过使用内置函数frozenset，可以将可变集合转换为可哈希的对象，从而克服了无法使用列表或字典等变量作为事件消息的限制。这种方法仅会执行最匹配事件消息的驱动方法。

class EventDispatcher:

    def __init__(self):
        self._event = {}

    def register_event(self, event_name):
        def wrapper(func):
            self._event[frozenset(event_name.items())] = func

        return wrapper

    def trigger_event(self, event_name):
        func_arr = []

        for subscription_key in self._event.keys():
            if all(sub_key in frozenset(event_name.items()) for sub_key in subscription_key):
                func_arr.append(subscription_key)
        if len(func_arr):
            return [max(func_arr, key=len)]
        return []
        # return func_arr

    def run(self, event_name, *args, **kwargs):
        func = self.trigger_event(event_name=event_name)
        for f in func:
            self._event[f](*args, **kwargs)


eventdispatcher = EventDispatcher()


@eventdispatcher.register_event({"var_1": "a", "var_2": "b", "var_3": "c"})
def func_var_1():
    print("执行情况a,b,c")


@eventdispatcher.register_event({"var_1": "a", "var_2": "b"})
def func_var_2():
    print("执行情况a,b")


@eventdispatcher.register_event({"var_1": "a"})
def func_var_2():
    print("执行情况a")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    eventdispatcher.run(event_name={"var_1": "a", "other_key": "other_infos"})
    eventdispatcher.run(event_name={"var_1": "a", "var_2": "b", "other_key": "other_infos"})
    eventdispatcher.run(event_name={"var_1": "a", "var_2": "b", "var_3": "c", "other_key": "other_infos"})

5.形式五：基于形式四的一种变化 - 类似于消息的订阅和发布（匹配的订阅方法都会执行，而不是仅执行匹配度最高的方法。）

这个方法会在发布的消息中寻找匹配的订阅方法并执行，而不是仅执行匹配度最高的方法。

class EventDispatcher:

    def __init__(self):
        self._event = {}

    def register_event(self, event_name):
        def wrapper(func):
            self._event[frozenset(event_name.items())] = func

        return wrapper

    def trigger_event(self, event_name):
        func_arr = []

        for subscription_key in self._event.keys():
            if all(sub_key in frozenset(event_name.items()) for sub_key in subscription_key):
                func_arr.append(subscription_key)
        # if len(func_arr):
        #     return [max(func_arr, key=len)]
        # return []
        return func_arr

    def run(self, event_name, *args, **kwargs):
        func = self.trigger_event(event_name=event_name)
        for f in func:
            self._event[f](*args, **kwargs)


eventdispatcher = EventDispatcher()


@eventdispatcher.register_event({"var_1": "a", "var_2": "b", "var_3": "c"})
def func_var_1():
    print("执行情况a,b,c")


@eventdispatcher.register_event({"var_1": "a", "var_2": "b"})
def func_var_2():
    print("执行情况a,b")


@eventdispatcher.register_event({"var_1": "a"})
def func_var_2():
    print("执行情况a")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    eventdispatcher.run(event_name={"var_1": "a", "var_2": "b", "var_3": "c", "other_key": "other_infos"})

6.形式六：基于形式五的一种变化 - 将方法划分为类，从而使系统逻辑模块化

• 方法最好封装为不需要参数的类型，因为多一个参数，就理解成本的上升
• 方法命名规则最好包含三要素：动作，对象，位置(地点)，change_display_mode_in_settings

class EventDispatcher:

    def __init__(self):
        self._event = {}

    def register_event(self, event_name):
        def wrapper(func):
            self._event[frozenset(event_name.items())] = func

        return wrapper

    def trigger_event(self, event_name):
        func_arr = []

        for subscription_key in self._event.keys():
            if all(sub_key in frozenset(event_name.items()) for sub_key in subscription_key):
                func_arr.append(subscription_key)
        if len(func_arr):
            return [max(func_arr, key=len)]
        return []
        # return func_arr

    def run(self, event_name, *args, **kwargs):
        func = self.trigger_event(event_name=event_name)
        for f in func:
            self._event[f](*args, **kwargs)


eventdispatcher = EventDispatcher()


class ModelA:
    @staticmethod
    @eventdispatcher.register_event({"var_1": "a", "var_2": "b", "var_3": "c"})
    def func_var_1():
        print("执行情况a,b,c")


class ModelB:
    @staticmethod
    @eventdispatcher.register_event({"var_1": "a", "var_2": "b"})
    def func_var_2():
        print("执行情况a,b")


class ModelC:
    @staticmethod
    @eventdispatcher.register_event({"var_1": "a"})
    def func_var_2():
        print("执行情况a")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    eventdispatcher.run(event_name={"var_1": "a", "other_key": "other_infos"})
    eventdispatcher.run(event_name={"var_1": "a", "var_2": "b", "other_key": "other_infos"})
    eventdispatcher.run(event_name={"var_1": "a", "var_2": "b", "var_3": "c", "other_key": "other_infos"})