python uiautomation: 根据控件名称，使用多线程快速寻找控件

1.形式一

• 该方法使用多线程进行搜索，主线程不会等待所有子线程返回结果后再继续执行，而是在获取队列中第一个结果后立即继续执行。
• 优势在于一旦有子线程找到结果，主线程就能立即继续执行；
• 劣势在于未找到结果的子线程会持续搜索，直到达到设定的最大搜索时间（maxSearchSeconds）后才结束。

import queue
import threading
import time
from enum import Enum

from uiautomation import uiautomation


class ControlName(Enum):
    Intel_Graphics_Command_Center = ['AMD显卡', "Intel® Graphics Command Center", "设备管理器", "Home"]


def find_window_by_uiautomation(names: list, control=uiautomation.WindowControl):
    def find_thread(_name: str):
        nonlocal control

        time.sleep(1)
        with uiautomation.UIAutomationInitializerInThread(debug=False):
            item_control = control(Name=_name)
            while True:
                try:
                    if item_control.Exists(maxSearchSeconds=5):  # 搜索时间
                        q.put(_name)
                    break # break在if外面是为了确保在遇到未知问题时，至少找一次
                except Exception as e:
                    print(e)

    q = queue.Queue()
    _list = []
    for name in names:
        t = threading.Thread(target=find_thread, args=(name,))
        t.daemon = True
        t.start()
        _list.append(t)

    for _ in names:
        try:
            _res = q.get(timeout=5)
            if _res:
                return _res
        except queue.Empty:
            return False

            
if __name__ == '__main__':
    start = time.time()
    res = find_window_by_uiautomation(names=ControlName.Intel_Graphics_Command_Center.value,
                                    control=uiautomation.WindowControl)
    print("USE:", time.time() - start, res)

2.形式二

• 该方法利用多线程线程池进行搜索，主线程在等待所有子线程返回结果后才会继续执行。
• 优势：主线程继续执行时不会产生额外的子线程开销。
• 劣势：至少要等到maxSearchSeconds后，主线程才会继续执行。

import concurrent.futures
import time
from enum import Enum

from uiautomation import uiautomation, UninitializeUIAutomationInCurrentThread, InitializeUIAutomationInCurrentThread


class ControlName(Enum):
    Intel_Graphics_Command_Center = ['1121', '1121', "Intel® Graphics Command Center"]


def find_window_by_uiautomation(control, names=None):
    # 定义一个准备作为线程任务的函数
    def find_thread(_name):
        nonlocal control

        # Uninitialize UIAutomation in a new thread after calling InitializeUIAutomationInCurrentThread.
        # You must call this function when the new thread exits if you have called InitializeUIAutomationInCurrentThread in the same thread.
        UninitializeUIAutomationInCurrentThread()

        # Initialize UIAutomation in a new thread.
        # If you want to use functionalities related to Controls and Patterns in a new thread.
        # You must call this function first in the new thread.
        # But you can't use a Control or a Pattern created in a different thread.
        # So you can't create a Control or a Pattern in main thread and then pass it to a new thread and use it.

        InitializeUIAutomationInCurrentThread()
        item_control = control(Name=_name)
        if item_control.Exists(maxSearchSeconds=3):
            return item_control
        else:
            return False

    if names is None:
        return False

    if not isinstance(names, list):
        names = [names]

    # 创建一个包含n条线程的线程池
    with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=len(names)) as pool:
        futures = [pool.submit(find_thread, _) for _ in names]

        # 通过as_completed函数获取第一个完成的任务
        for future in concurrent.futures.as_completed(futures):
            result = future.result()
            pool.shutdown()
            return result



if __name__ == '__main__':
    start = time.time()
    a = find_window_by_uiautomation(names=ControlName.Intel_Graphics_Command_Center.value,
                                    control=uiautomation.WindowControl)
    print("USE:", time.time() - start, a)