python 解压可迭代对象给多个变量

如果一个可迭代对象的元素个数超过变量个数时，会抛出一个ValueError。那么怎样才能从这个可迭代对象中解压出N个元素出来？

Python 提供“*”号表达式解决该问题

#示例1
>>> record = ('Dave', 'dave@example.com', '773-555-1212', '847-555-1212')
>>> name, email, *phone_numbers = record
>>> name
'Dave'
>>> email
'dave@example.com'
>>> phone_numbers
['773-555-1212', '847-555-1212']
>>>

#示例2
>>> *trailing, current = [10, 8, 7, 1, 9, 5, 10, 3]
>>> trailing
[10, 8, 7, 1, 9, 5, 10]
>>> current
3 

#示例3
records = [
('foo', 1, 2),
('bar', 'hello'),
('foo', 3, 4),
]
def do_foo(x, y):
  print('foo', x, y)
def do_bar(s):
  print('bar', s)
for tag, *args in records:
  if tag == 'foo':
    do_foo(*args)
  elif tag == 'bar':
    do_bar(*args) 

#示例4
>>> line = 'nobody:*:-2:-2:Unprivileged User:/var/empty:/usr/bin/false'
>>> uname, *fields, homedir, sh = line.split(':')
>>> uname
'nobody'
>>> homedir
'/var/empty'
>>> sh
'/usr/bin/false'
>>> 

#示例5
#有时候，你想解压一些元素后丢弃它们，你不能简单就使用 * ，但是你可以使用一个普通的废弃名称，比如_或者_ign 
>>> record = ('ACME', 50, 123.45, (12, 18, 2012))
>>> name, *_, (*_, year) = record
>>> name
'ACME'
>>> year 
2012