图像处理：直方图——直方图比较 OpenCV v4.8.0

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-23 18:03:47 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-01-23 18:03:47 发布

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分类专栏： OpenCV 4.8.0 说明文档文章标签：图像处理 opencv webpack

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上一个教程 ： 直方图计算

下一个教程 ： 反向投影

原作者	Ana Huamán
兼容性	OpenCV >= 3.0

目标

在本教程中，你将学习如何

使用函数 cv::compareHist 获得一个数值参数，以表示两个直方图之间的匹配程度。
使用不同的指标来比较直方图

原理

要比较两个直方图（H1 和 H2），首先必须选择一个度量（d(H1,H2)）来表示两个直方图的匹配程度。
OpenCV 实现了 cv::compareHist 函数来执行比较。它还提供了 4 种不同的指标来计算匹配度：

相关性 ( cv::HISTCMP_CORREL )
$d\left( H_1,H_2 \right) =\frac{\sum{_I\left( H_1\left( I \right) -\overline{H_1} \right) \left( H_2\left( I \right) -\overline{H_2} \right)}}{\sqrt{\sum{_I}\left( H_1\left( I \right) -\overline{H_1} \right) ^2\sum{_I\left( H_2\left( I \right) -\overline{H_2} \right) ^2}}}$

其中
$\overline{H_k}=\frac{1}{N}\sum_J^{}{H\left( J \right)}$

而 N 是直方图分区的总数。

卡方检验 ( cv::HISTCMP_CHISQR )
$d\left( H_1,H_2 \right) =\sum{_I\frac{\left( H_1\left( I \right) -H_2\left( I \right) \right) ^2}{H_1\left( I \right)}}$
相交检测 ( method=cv::HISTCMP_INTERSECT )
$d\left( H_1,H_2 \right) =\sum_I^{}{\min \left( H_1\left( I \right) ,H_2\left( I \right) \right)}$
巴氏距离 ( cv::HISTCMP_BHATTACHARYYA )
$d\left( H_1,H_2 \right) =\sqrt{1-\frac{1}{H_1H_2N^2}\sum_I^{}{\sqrt{H_1\left( I \right) \cdot H_2\left( I \right)}}}$

代码

这个程序做什么？
- 加载一张基础图像和两张测试图像，并与之进行比较。
- 生成 1 幅图像，即基础图像的下半部分
- 将图像转换为 HSV 格式
- 计算所有图像的 H-S 直方图并归一化，以便进行比较。
- 将基础图像的直方图与 2 个测试直方图、下半部分基础图像的直方图以及同一基础图像的直方图进行比较。
- 显示获得的数字匹配参数。

C++

可下载代码：点击此处
代码一览

#include "opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp"
#include "opencv2/highgui.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc.hpp"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
const char* keys =
 "{ help h| | Print help message. }"
 "{ @input1 |Histogram_Comparison_Source_0.jpg | Path to input image 1. }"
 "{ @input2 |Histogram_Comparison_Source_1.jpg | Path to input image 2. }"
 "{ @input3 |Histogram_Comparison_Source_2.jpg | Path to input image 3. }";
int main( int argc, char** argv )
{
 CommandLineParser parser( argc, argv, keys );
 samples::addSamplesDataSearchSubDirectory( "doc/tutorials/imgproc/histograms/histogram_comparison/images" );
 Mat src_base = imread(samples::findFile( parser.get<String>( "@input1" ) ) );
 Mat src_test1 = imread(samples::findFile( parser.get<String>( "@input2" ) ) );
 Mat src_test2 = imread(samples::findFile( parser.get<String>( "@input3" ) ) );
 if( src_base.empty() || src_test1.empty() || src_test2.empty() )
 {
 cout << "Could not open or find the images!\n" << endl;
 parser.printMessage();
 return -1;
 }
 Mat hsv_base, hsv_test1, hsv_test2;
 cvtColor( src_base, hsv_base, COLOR_BGR2HSV );
 cvtColor( src_test1, hsv_test1, COLOR_BGR2HSV );
 cvtColor( src_test2, hsv_test2, COLOR_BGR2HSV );
 Mat hsv_half_down = hsv_base( Range( hsv_base.rows/2, hsv_base.rows ), Range( 0, hsv_base.cols ) );
 int h_bins = 50, s_bins = 60;
 int histSize[] = { h_bins, s_bins };
 // 色调范围从 0 到 179，饱和度范围从 0 到 255
 float h_ranges[] = { 0, 180 }；
 float s_ranges[] = { 0, 256 }；
 const float* ranges[] = { h_ranges, s_ranges }；
 // 使用第 0 和第 1 个通道
 int channels[] = { 0, 1 };
 Mat hist_base, hist_half_down, hist_test1, hist_test2;
 calcHist( &hsv_base, 1, channels, Mat(), hist_base, 2, histSize, ranges, true, false );
 normalize( hist_base, hist_base, 0, 1, NORM_MINMAX, -1, Mat() );
 calcHist( &hsv_half_down, 1, channels, Mat(), hist_half_down, 2, histSize, ranges, true, false );
 normalize( hist_half_down, hist_half_down, 0, 1, NORM_MINMAX, -1, Mat() );
 calcHist( &hsv_test1, 1, channels, Mat(), hist_test1, 2, histSize, ranges, true, false );
 normalize( hist_test1, hist_test1, 0, 1, NORM_MINMAX, -1, Mat() );
 calcHist( &hsv_test2, 1, channels, Mat(), hist_test2, 2, histSize, ranges, true, false );
 normalize( hist_test2, hist_test2, 0, 1, NORM_MINMAX, -1, Mat() );
 for( int compare_method = 0; compare_method < 4; compare_method++ )
 {
 double base_base = compareHist( hist_base, hist_base, compare_method );
 double base_half = compareHist( hist_base, hist_half_down, compare_method );
 double base_test1 = compareHist( hist_base, hist_test1, compare_method );
 double base_test2 = compareHist( hist_base, hist_test2, compare_method );
 cout << "Method " << compare_method << " Perfect, Base-Half, Base-Test(1), Base-Test(2) : "
 << base_base << " / " << base_half << " / " << base_test1 << " / " << base_test2 << endl;
 }
 cout << "Done \n";
 return 0;
}

Java

可下载代码：点击此处
代码一览

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import org.opencv.core.Core;
import org.opencv.core.Mat;
import org.opencv.core.MatOfFloat;
import org.opencv.core.MatOfInt;
import org.opencv.core.Range;
import org.opencv.imgcodecs.Imgcodecs;
import org.opencv.imgproc.Imgproc;
class CompareHist {
 public void run(String[] args) {
 if (args.length != 3) {
 System.err.println("You must supply 3 arguments that correspond to the paths to 3 images.");
 System.exit(0);
 }
 Mat srcBase = Imgcodecs.imread(args[0]);
 Mat srcTest1 = Imgcodecs.imread(args[1]);
 Mat srcTest2 = Imgcodecs.imread(args[2]);
 if (srcBase.empty() || srcTest1.empty() || srcTest2.empty()) {
 System.err.println("Cannot read the images");
 System.exit(0);
 }
 Mat hsvBase = new Mat(), hsvTest1 = new Mat(), hsvTest2 = new Mat();
 Imgproc.cvtColor( srcBase, hsvBase, Imgproc.COLOR_BGR2HSV );
 Imgproc.cvtColor( srcTest1, hsvTest1, Imgproc.COLOR_BGR2HSV );
 Imgproc.cvtColor( srcTest2, hsvTest2, Imgproc.COLOR_BGR2HSV );
 Mat hsvHalfDown = hsvBase.submat( new Range( hsvBase.rows()/2, hsvBase.rows() - 1 ), new Range( 0, hsvBase.cols() - 1 ) );
 int hBins = 50, sBins = 60;
 int[] histSize = { hBins, sBins };
 // 色调范围从 0 到 179，饱和度范围从 0 到 255
 float[] ranges = { 0, 180, 0, 256 }；
 // 使用第 0 和第 1 个通道
 int[] channels = { 0, 1 };
 Mat histBase = new Mat(), histHalfDown = new Mat(), histTest1 = new Mat(), histTest2 = new Mat();
 List<Mat> hsvBaseList = Arrays.asList(hsvBase);
 Imgproc.calcHist(hsvBaseList, new MatOfInt(channels), new Mat(), histBase, new MatOfInt(histSize), new MatOfFloat(ranges), false);
 Core.normalize(histBase, histBase, 0, 1, Core.NORM_MINMAX);
 List<Mat> hsvHalfDownList = Arrays.asList(hsvHalfDown);
 Imgproc.calcHist(hsvHalfDownList, new MatOfInt(channels), new Mat(), histHalfDown, new MatOfInt(histSize), new MatOfFloat(ranges), false);
 Core.normalize(histHalfDown, histHalfDown, 0, 1, Core.NORM_MINMAX);
 List<Mat> hsvTest1List = Arrays.asList(hsvTest1);
 Imgproc.calcHist(hsvTest1List, new MatOfInt(channels), new Mat(), histTest1, new MatOfInt(histSize), new MatOfFloat(ranges), false);
 Core.normalize(histTest1, histTest1, 0, 1, Core.NORM_MINMAX);
 List<Mat> hsvTest2List = Arrays.asList(hsvTest2);
 Imgproc.calcHist(hsvTest2List, new MatOfInt(channels), new Mat(), histTest2, new MatOfInt(histSize), new MatOfFloat(ranges), false);
 Core.normalize(histTest2, histTest2, 0, 1, Core.NORM_MINMAX);
 for( int compareMethod = 0; compareMethod < 4; compareMethod++ ) {
 double baseBase = Imgproc.compareHist( histBase, histBase, compareMethod );
 double baseHalf = Imgproc.compareHist( histBase, histHalfDown, compareMethod );
 double baseTest1 = Imgproc.compareHist( histBase, histTest1, compareMethod );
 double baseTest2 = Imgproc.compareHist( histBase, histTest2, compareMethod );
 System.out.println("Method " + compareMethod + " Perfect, Base-Half, Base-Test(1), Base-Test(2) : " + baseBase + " / " + baseHalf
 + " / " + baseTest1 + " / " + baseTest2);
 }
 }
}
public class CompareHistDemo {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 // 加载本地 OpenCV 库
 System.loadLibrary(Core.NATIVE_LIBRARY_NAME);
 new CompareHist().run(args);
 }
}

Python

可下载代码：点击此处
代码一览

from __future__ import print_function
from __future__ import division
import cv2 as cv
import numpy as np
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Code for Histogram Comparison tutorial.')
parser.add_argument('--input1', help='Path to input image 1.')
parser.add_argument('--input2', help='Path to input image 2.')
parser.add_argument('--input3', help='Path to input image 3.')
args = parser.parse_args()
src_base = cv.imread(args.input1)
src_test1 = cv.imread(args.input2)
src_test2 = cv.imread(args.input3)
if src_base is None or src_test1 is None or src_test2 is None:
 print('Could not open or find the images!')
 exit(0)
hsv_base = cv.cvtColor(src_base, cv.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
hsv_test1 = cv.cvtColor(src_test1, cv.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
hsv_test2 = cv.cvtColor(src_test2, cv.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
hsv_half_down = hsv_base[hsv_base.shape[0]//2:,:]
h_bins = 50
s_bins = 60
histSize = [h_bins, s_bins]
histSize = [h_bins, s_bins] # 色调从 0 到 60 不等。
# 色调从 0 到 179，饱和度从 0 到 255
h_ranges = [0, 180］
s_ranges = [0, 256] # 色调在 0 至 179 之间变化，饱和度在 0 至 255 之间变化。
ranges = h_ranges + s_ranges # 连接列表
# 使用第 0 和第 1 个通道
channels = [0, 1]
hist_base = cv.calcHist([hsv_base], channels, None, histSize, ranges, accumulate=False)
cv.normalize(hist_base, hist_base, alpha=0, beta=1, norm_type=cv.NORM_MINMAX)
hist_half_down = cv.calcHist([hsv_half_down], channels, None, histSize, ranges, accumulate=False)
cv.normalize(hist_half_down, hist_half_down, alpha=0, beta=1, norm_type=cv.NORM_MINMAX)
hist_test1 = cv.calcHist([hsv_test1], channels, None, histSize, ranges, accumulate=False)
cv.normalize(hist_test1, hist_test1, alpha=0, beta=1, norm_type=cv.NORM_MINMAX)
hist_test2 = cv.calcHist([hsv_test2], channels, None, histSize, ranges, accumulate=False)
cv.normalize(hist_test2, hist_test2, alpha=0, beta=1, norm_type=cv.NORM_MINMAX)
for compare_method in range(4):
 base_base = cv.compareHist(hist_base, hist_base, compare_method)
 base_half = cv.compareHist(hist_base, hist_half_down, compare_method)
 base_test1 = cv.compareHist(hist_base, hist_test1, compare_method)
 base_test2 = cv.compareHist(hist_base, hist_test2, compare_method)
 print('Method:', compare_method, 'Perfect, Base-Half, Base-Test(1), Base-Test(2) :',\
 base_base, '/', base_half, '/', base_test1, '/', base_test2)

说明

加载基本图像 (src_base) 和另外两个测试图像：
C++

 CommandLineParser parser( argc, argv, keys );
 samples::addSamplesDataSearchSubDirectory( "doc/tutorials/imgproc/histograms/histogram_comparison/images" );
 Mat src_base = imread(samples::findFile( parser.get<String>( "@input1" ) ) );
 Mat src_test1 = imread(samples::findFile( parser.get<String>( "@input2" ) ) );
 Mat src_test2 = imread(samples::findFile( parser.get<String>( "@input3" ) ) );
 if( src_base.empty() || src_test1.empty() || src_test2.empty() )
 {
 cout << "Could not open or find the images!\n" << endl;
 parser.printMessage();
 return -1;
 }

Java

 if (args.length != 3) {
 System.err.println("You must supply 3 arguments that correspond to the paths to 3 images.");
 System.exit(0);
 }
 Mat srcBase = Imgcodecs.imread(args[0]);
 Mat srcTest1 = Imgcodecs.imread(args[1]);
 Mat srcTest2 = Imgcodecs.imread(args[2]);
 if (srcBase.empty() || srcTest1.empty() || srcTest2.empty()) {
 System.err.println("Cannot read the images");
 System.exit(0);
 }

Python

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Code for Histogram Comparison tutorial.')
parser.add_argument('--input1', help='Path to input image 1.')
parser.add_argument('--input2', help='Path to input image 2.')
parser.add_argument('--input3', help='Path to input image 3.')
args = parser.parse_args()
src_base = cv.imread(args.input1)
src_test1 = cv.imread(args.input2)
src_test2 = cv.imread(args.input3)
if src_base is None or src_test1 is None or src_test2 is None:
 print('Could not open or find the images!')
 exit(0)

将它们转换为 HSV 格式：
C++

 Mat hsv_base, hsv_test1, hsv_test2;
 cvtColor( src_base, hsv_base, COLOR_BGR2HSV );
 cvtColor( src_test1, hsv_test1, COLOR_BGR2HSV );
 cvtColor( src_test2, hsv_test2, COLOR_BGR2HSV );

Java

 Mat hsvBase = new Mat(), hsvTest1 = new Mat(), hsvTest2 = new Mat();
 Imgproc.cvtColor( srcBase, hsvBase, Imgproc.COLOR_BGR2HSV );
 Imgproc.cvtColor( srcTest1, hsvTest1, Imgproc.COLOR_BGR2HSV );
 Imgproc.cvtColor( srcTest2, hsvTest2, Imgproc.COLOR_BGR2HSV );

Python

hsv_base = cv.cvtColor(src_base, cv.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
hsv_test1 = cv.cvtColor(src_test1, cv.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
hsv_test2 = cv.cvtColor(src_test2, cv.COLOR_BGR2HSV)

另外，创建一幅半幅基础图像（HSV 格式）：
C++

 Mat hsv_half_down = hsv_base( Range( hsv_base.rows/2, hsv_base.rows ), Range( 0, hsv_base.cols ) );

Java

 Mat hsvHalfDown = hsvBase.submat( new Range( hsvBase.rows()/2, hsvBase.rows() - 1 ), new Range( 0, hsvBase.cols() - 1 ) );

Python

hsv_half_down = hsv_base[hsv_base.shape[0]//2:,:]

初始化用于计算直方图的参数（bins、ranges 以及通道 H 和 S）。
C++

 int h_bins = 50, s_bins = 60;
 int histSize[] = { h_bins, s_bins };
 // hue varies from 0 to 179, saturation from 0 to 255
 float h_ranges[] = { 0, 180 };
 float s_ranges[] = { 0, 256 };
 const float* ranges[] = { h_ranges, s_ranges };
 // Use the 0-th and 1-st channels
 int channels[] = { 0, 1 };

Java

 int hBins = 50, sBins = 60;
 int[] histSize = { hBins, sBins };
 // hue varies from 0 to 179, saturation from 0 to 255
 float[] ranges = { 0, 180, 0, 256 };
 // Use the 0-th and 1-st channels
 int[] channels = { 0, 1 };

Python

h_bins = 50
s_bins = 60
histSize = [h_bins, s_bins]
# hue varies from 0 to 179, saturation from 0 to 255
h_ranges = [0, 180]
s_ranges = [0, 256]
ranges = h_ranges + s_ranges # concat lists
# Use the 0-th and 1-st channels
channels = [0, 1]

计算基础图像、两幅测试图像和半下基础图像的直方图：
C++

 Mat hist_base, hist_half_down, hist_test1, hist_test2;
 calcHist( &hsv_base, 1, channels, Mat(), hist_base, 2, histSize, ranges, true, false );
 normalize( hist_base, hist_base, 0, 1, NORM_MINMAX, -1, Mat() );
 calcHist( &hsv_half_down, 1, channels, Mat(), hist_half_down, 2, histSize, ranges, true, false );
 normalize( hist_half_down, hist_half_down, 0, 1, NORM_MINMAX, -1, Mat() );
 calcHist( &hsv_test1, 1, channels, Mat(), hist_test1, 2, histSize, ranges, true, false );
 normalize( hist_test1, hist_test1, 0, 1, NORM_MINMAX, -1, Mat() );
 calcHist( &hsv_test2, 1, channels, Mat(), hist_test2, 2, histSize, ranges, true, false );
 normalize( hist_test2, hist_test2, 0, 1, NORM_MINMAX, -1, Mat() );

Java

 Mat histBase = new Mat(), histHalfDown = new Mat(), histTest1 = new Mat(), histTest2 = new Mat();
 List<Mat> hsvBaseList = Arrays.asList(hsvBase);
 Imgproc.calcHist(hsvBaseList, new MatOfInt(channels), new Mat(), histBase, new MatOfInt(histSize), new MatOfFloat(ranges), false);
 Core.normalize(histBase, histBase, 0, 1, Core.NORM_MINMAX);
 List<Mat> hsvHalfDownList = Arrays.asList(hsvHalfDown);
 Imgproc.calcHist(hsvHalfDownList, new MatOfInt(channels), new Mat(), histHalfDown, new MatOfInt(histSize), new MatOfFloat(ranges), false);
 Core.normalize(histHalfDown, histHalfDown, 0, 1, Core.NORM_MINMAX);
 List<Mat> hsvTest1List = Arrays.asList(hsvTest1);
 Imgproc.calcHist(hsvTest1List, new MatOfInt(channels), new Mat(), histTest1, new MatOfInt(histSize), new MatOfFloat(ranges), false);
 Core.normalize(histTest1, histTest1, 0, 1, Core.NORM_MINMAX);
 List<Mat> hsvTest2List = Arrays.asList(hsvTest2);
 Imgproc.calcHist(hsvTest2List, new MatOfInt(channels), new Mat(), histTest2, new MatOfInt(histSize), new MatOfFloat(ranges), false);
 Core.normalize(histTest2, histTest2, 0, 1, Core.NORM_MINMAX);

Python

hist_base = cv.calcHist([hsv_base], channels, None, histSize, ranges, accumulate=False)
cv.normalize(hist_base, hist_base, alpha=0, beta=1, norm_type=cv.NORM_MINMAX)
hist_half_down = cv.calcHist([hsv_half_down], channels, None, histSize, ranges, accumulate=False)
cv.normalize(hist_half_down, hist_half_down, alpha=0, beta=1, norm_type=cv.NORM_MINMAX)
hist_test1 = cv.calcHist([hsv_test1], channels, None, histSize, ranges, accumulate=False)
cv.normalize(hist_test1, hist_test1, alpha=0, beta=1, norm_type=cv.NORM_MINMAX)
hist_test2 = cv.calcHist([hsv_test2], channels, None, histSize, ranges, accumulate=False)
cv.normalize(hist_test2, hist_test2, alpha=0, beta=1, norm_type=cv.NORM_MINMAX)

在基础图像的直方图（hist_base）和其他直方图之间依次应用 4 种比较方法：
C++

 for( int compare_method = 0; compare_method < 4; compare_method++ )
 {
 double base_base = compareHist( hist_base, hist_base, compare_method );
 double base_half = compareHist( hist_base, hist_half_down, compare_method );
 double base_test1 = compareHist( hist_base, hist_test1, compare_method );
 double base_test2 = compareHist( hist_base, hist_test2, compare_method );
 cout << "Method " << compare_method << " Perfect, Base-Half, Base-Test(1), Base-Test(2) : "
 << base_base << " / " << base_half << " / " << base_test1 << " / " << base_test2 << endl;
 }

Java

 for( int compareMethod = 0; compareMethod < 4; compareMethod++ ) {
 double baseBase = Imgproc.compareHist( histBase, histBase, compareMethod );
 double baseHalf = Imgproc.compareHist( histBase, histHalfDown, compareMethod );
 double baseTest1 = Imgproc.compareHist( histBase, histTest1, compareMethod );
 double baseTest2 = Imgproc.compareHist( histBase, histTest2, compareMethod );
 System.out.println("Method " + compareMethod + " Perfect, Base-Half, Base-Test(1), Base-Test(2) : " + baseBase + " / " + baseHalf
 + " / " + baseTest1 + " / " + baseTest2);
 }

Python

for compare_method in range(4):
 base_base = cv.compareHist(hist_base, hist_base, compare_method)
 base_half = cv.compareHist(hist_base, hist_half_down, compare_method)
 base_test1 = cv.compareHist(hist_base, hist_test1, compare_method)
 base_test2 = cv.compareHist(hist_base, hist_test2, compare_method)
 print('Method:', compare_method, 'Perfect, Base-Half, Base-Test(1), Base-Test(2) :',\
 base_base, '/', base_half, '/', base_test1, '/', base_test2)

结果

我们使用以下图像作为输入：

Base_0

在这里插入图片描述

Test_1

在这里插入图片描述

Test_2

其中第一幅是基准图像（与其他图像进行比较），另外两幅是测试图像。我们还将比较第一张图像与它自己的关系，以及与半张基础图像的关系。
2. 当我们比较基底图像的直方图时，应该会发现两者完全匹配。此外，与半幅基础图像的直方图相比，由于两者来自同一来源，因此也应呈现高度匹配。对于另外两张测试图像，我们可以看到它们的光照条件非常不同，因此匹配度应该不会很高：
3. 以下是我们使用 OpenCV 3.4.1 得到的数值结果：

方法	Base-Base	Base-Half	Base-Test1	Base-Test2
相关性（Correlation)	1.000000	0.880438	0.20457	0.0664547
卡方（Chi-Square）	0.000000	4.6834	2697.98	4763.8
相交（Intersection）	18.8947	13.022	5.44085	2.58173
Bhattacharyya	0.000000	0.237887	0.679826	0.874173

对于相关法和交集法，度量越高，匹配越准确。我们可以看到，匹配基数是所有方法中最高的。此外，我们还可以看到，"Base-Half "匹配度是第二高的（正如我们所预测的）。对于其他两个指标，结果越小，匹配度越高。我们可以发现，测试 1 和测试 2 在基数方面的匹配度较差，这也是意料之中的。

HIRSHDZ327

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图像处理：直方图——直方图比较 OpenCV v4.8.0

上一个教程：直方图计算下一个教程：反向投影原作者Ana Huamán兼容性OpenCV >= 3.0目标在本教程中，你将学习如何使用函数 cv::compareHist 获得一个数值参数，以表示两个直方图之间的匹配程度。使用不同的指标来比较直方图原理要比较两个直方图（H1 和 H2），首先必须选择一个度量（d(H1,H2)）来表示两个直方图的匹配程度。OpenCV 实现了 cv::compareHist 函数来执行比较。它还提供了 4 种不同的
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