图像处理：轮廓——凸包 OpenCV v4.8.0

上一个教程 ： 查找图像中的轮廓

下一个教程 ： 为轮廓创建边界框和圆

原作者	Ana Huamán
兼容性	OpenCV >= 3.0

目标

在本教程中，您将学习如何

• 使用 OpenCV 函数 cv::convexHull

代码

C++
本教程代码如下所示。您也可以从此处下载

#include "opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp"
#include "opencv2/highgui.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc.hpp"
#include <iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
Mat src_gray;
int thresh = 100;
RNG rng(12345);
void thresh_callback(int, void* );
int main( int argc, char** argv )
{
 CommandLineParser parser( argc, argv, "{@input | stuff.jpg | input image}" );
 Mat src = imread( samples::findFile( parser.get<String>( "@input" ) ) );
 if( src.empty() )
 {
 cout << "Could not open or find the image!\n" << endl;
 cout << "Usage: " << argv[0] << " <Input image>" << endl;
 return -1;
 }
 cvtColor( src, src_gray, COLOR_BGR2GRAY );
 blur( src_gray, src_gray, Size(3,3) );
 const char* source_window = "Source";
 namedWindow( source_window );
 imshow( source_window, src );
 const int max_thresh = 255;
 createTrackbar( "Canny thresh:", source_window, &thresh, max_thresh, thresh_callback );
 thresh_callback( 0, 0 );
 waitKey();
 return 0;
}
void thresh_callback(int, void* )
{
 Mat canny_output;
 Canny( src_gray, canny_output, thresh, thresh*2 );
 vector<vector<Point> > contours;
 findContours( canny_output, contours, RETR_TREE, CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE );
 vector<vector<Point> >hull( contours.size() );
 for( size_t i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++ )
 {
 convexHull( contours[i], hull[i] );
 }
 Mat drawing = Mat::zeros( canny_output.size(), CV_8UC3 );
 for( size_t i = 0; i< contours.size(); i++ )
 {
 Scalar color = Scalar( rng.uniform(0, 256), rng.uniform(0,256), rng.uniform(0,256) );
 drawContours( drawing, contours, (int)i, color );
 drawContours( drawing, hull, (int)i, color );
 }
 imshow( "Hull demo", drawing );
}

Java
本教程代码如下所示。您也可以从此处下载

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.swing.BoxLayout;
import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JSlider;
import javax.swing.event.ChangeEvent;
import javax.swing.event.ChangeListener;
import org.opencv.core.Core;
import org.opencv.core.CvType;
import org.opencv.core.Mat;
import org.opencv.core.MatOfInt;
import org.opencv.core.MatOfPoint;
import org.opencv.core.Point;
import org.opencv.core.Scalar;
import org.opencv.core.Size;
import org.opencv.highgui.HighGui;
import org.opencv.imgcodecs.Imgcodecs;
import org.opencv.imgproc.Imgproc;
class Hull {
 private Mat srcGray = new Mat();
 private JFrame frame;
 private JLabel imgSrcLabel;
 private JLabel imgContoursLabel;
 private static final int MAX_THRESHOLD = 255;
 private int threshold = 100;
 private Random rng = new Random(12345);
 public Hull(String[] args) {
 String filename = args.length > 0 ? args[0] : "../data/stuff.jpg";
 Mat src = Imgcodecs.imread(filename);
 if (src.empty()) {
 System.err.println("Cannot read image: " + filename);
 System.exit(0);
 }
 Imgproc.cvtColor(src, srcGray, Imgproc.COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
 Imgproc.blur(srcGray, srcGray, new Size(3, 3));
 // 创建并设置窗口。
 frame = new JFrame("Convex Hull demo")；
 frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE)；
 // 设置内容窗格。
 Image img = HighGui.toBufferedImage(src)；
 addComponentsToPane(frame.getContentPane(), img)；
 // 使用内容窗格的默认边框布局。无需
 // setLayout(new BorderLayout())；
 // 显示窗口。
 frame.pack();
 frame.setVisible(true);
 update();
 }
 private void addComponentsToPane(Container pane, Image img) {
 if (!(pane.getLayout() instanceof BorderLayout)) {
 pane.add(new JLabel("Container doesn't use BorderLayout!"));
 return;
 }
 JPanel sliderPanel = new JPanel();
 sliderPanel.setLayout(new BoxLayout(sliderPanel, BoxLayout.PAGE_AXIS));
 sliderPanel.add(new JLabel("Canny threshold: "));
 JSlider slider = new JSlider(0, MAX_THRESHOLD, threshold);
 slider.setMajorTickSpacing(20);
 slider.setMinorTickSpacing(10);
 slider.setPaintTicks(true);
 slider.setPaintLabels(true);
 slider.addChangeListener(new ChangeListener() {
 @Override
 public void stateChanged(ChangeEvent e) {
 JSlider source = (JSlider) e.getSource();
 threshold = source.getValue();
 update();
 }
 });
 sliderPanel.add(slider);
 pane.add(sliderPanel, BorderLayout.PAGE_START);
 JPanel imgPanel = new JPanel();
 imgSrcLabel = new JLabel(new ImageIcon(img));
 imgPanel.add(imgSrcLabel);
 Mat blackImg = Mat.zeros(srcGray.size(), CvType.CV_8U);
 imgContoursLabel = new JLabel(new ImageIcon(HighGui.toBufferedImage(blackImg)));
 imgPanel.add(imgContoursLabel);
 pane.add(imgPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
 }
 private void update() {
 Mat cannyOutput = new Mat();
 Imgproc.Canny(srcGray, cannyOutput, threshold, threshold * 2);
 List<MatOfPoint> contours = new ArrayList<>();
 Mat hierarchy = new Mat();
 Imgproc.findContours(cannyOutput, contours, hierarchy, Imgproc.RETR_TREE, Imgproc.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE);
 List<MatOfPoint> hullList = new ArrayList<>();
 for (MatOfPoint contour : contours) {
 MatOfInt hull = new MatOfInt();
 Imgproc.convexHull(contour, hull);
 Point[] contourArray = contour.toArray();
 Point[] hullPoints = new Point[hull.rows()];
 List<Integer> hullContourIdxList = hull.toList();
 for (int i = 0; i < hullContourIdxList.size(); i++) {
 hullPoints[i] = contourArray[hullContourIdxList.get(i)];
 }
 hullList.add(new MatOfPoint(hullPoints));
 }
 Mat drawing = Mat.zeros(cannyOutput.size(), CvType.CV_8UC3);
 for (int i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++) {
 Scalar color = new Scalar(rng.nextInt(256), rng.nextInt(256), rng.nextInt(256));
 Imgproc.drawContours(drawing, contours, i, color);
 Imgproc.drawContours(drawing, hullList, i, color );
 }
 imgContoursLabel.setIcon(new ImageIcon(HighGui.toBufferedImage(drawing)));
 frame.repaint();
 }
}
public class HullDemo {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 // 加载本地 OpenCV 库
 System.loadLibrary(Core.NATIVE_LIBRARY_NAME)；
 // 为事件派发线程安排任务：
 // 创建并显示此应用程序的图形用户界面。
 javax.swing.SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
 @Override
 public void run() {
 new Hull(args);
 }
 });
 }
}

Python
本教程代码如下所示。您也可以从此处下载

from __future__ import print_function
import cv2 as cv
import numpy as np
import argparse
import random as rng
rng.seed(12345)
def thresh_callback(val):
 threshold = val
 # 使用 Canny 检测边缘
 canny_output = cv.Canny(src_gray, threshold, threshold * 2)
 # 查找轮廓
 contours, _ = cv.findContours(canny_output, cv.RETR_TREE, cv.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
 # 为每个轮廓查找凸壳对象
 hull_list = []
 for i in range(len(contours))：
 hull = cv.convexHull(contours[i])
 hull_list.append(hull)
 # 绘制等高线 + 船体结果
 drawing = np.zeros((canny_output.shape[0], canny_output.shape[1], 3), dtype=np.uint8)
 for i in range(len(contours))：
 color = (rng.randint(0,256), rng.randint(0,256), rng.randint(0,256))
 cv.drawContours(drawing, contours, i, color)
 cv.drawContours(drawing, hull_list, i, color)
 # 在窗口中显示
 cv.imshow('Contours', drawing)
# 加载源图像
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Code for Convex Hull tutorial.')
parser.add_argument('--input', help='Path to input image.', default='stuff.jpg')
args = parser.parse_args()
src = cv.imread(cv.samples.findFile(args.input))
if src is None:
 print('Could not open or find the image:', args.input)
 exit(0)
# 将图像转换为灰色并进行模糊处理
src_gray = cv.cvtColor(src, cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
src_gray = cv.blur(src_gray, (3,3))
# 创建窗口
source_window = 'Source'
cv.namedWindow(source_window)
cv.imshow(source_window, src)
max_thresh = 255
thresh = 100 # initial threshold
cv.createTrackbar('Canny thresh:', source_window, thresh, max_thresh, thresh_callback)
thresh_callback(thresh)
cv.waitKey()

结果

以下即为结果

原图

结果