Python的异常

异常基本用法

# coding:utf-8

if __name__ == '__main__':

    '''
    1.异常捕获处理
      try:
         代码逻辑......
      except 异常类型 as e:
         异常处理逻辑......
      finally:
         最终执行逻辑......
      try 需要配合 except 或 finally使用，不能单独使用
      使用try + except 异常类型 as e 捕获异常
      finally 中的逻辑是一定会执行的
    2. 就算在try 或 except return,finally 也一定会执行
    3. 如果finally中return,那么不管try,except中是否return,最后返回的值都是finally中return的值
    '''

    def divide_zero():
        1/0

    def divide_zero_base():
        try:
            1/0
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)

    def divide_zero_pro():
        try:
            1/0
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
        finally:
            print('finally')

    # divide_zero() Traceback ...... ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
    divide_zero_base()  # division by zero
    divide_zero_pro()  # division by zero finally

    # 就算在try 或 except return,finally 也一定会执行
    def test_finally():
        try:
            return 'test_finally.try'
        finally:
            print('test_finally.finally')
    print(test_finally())  # test_finally.finally test_finally.try

    def test_finally1():
        try:
            1/0
        except ZeroDivisionError as e:
            return 'test_finally1.except'
        finally:
            print('test_finally1.finally')
    print(test_finally1())  # test_finally1.finally test_finally1.except

    # 如果finally中return,那么不管try,except中是否return,最后返回的值都是finally中return的值
    def test_finally_return():
        try:
            return 'try return'
        finally:
            return 'finally return'

    def test_finally_return1():
        try:
            1/0
        except ZeroDivisionError as e:
            return 'except return'
        finally:
            return 'finally return'

    print(test_finally_return())  # finally return
    print(test_finally_return1())  # finally return

常见异常类型

异常类型	说明
Exception	通用异常
ZeroDivisionError	除0异常
SyntaxError	语法错误
NameError	变量名,类名,函数名未定义
TypeError	缺少必填参数
AttributeError	没有类，对象的属性
ValueError	参数值错误
IndexError	列表索引越界
KeyError	访问dict不存在的key

自定义异常&主动抛出异常

# coding:utf-8

if __name__ == '__main__':
    '''
    1.自定义异常: class 自定义异常名(Exception):
              def __init__(self,message)
                  self.message = message
    2.使用raise主动抛出异常： raise 异常对象
    '''

    # 自定义LimitError异常
    class LimitError(Exception):
        def __init__(self, message):
            self.message = message

    def create_limit_error():
        # 使用raise主动抛出异常
        raise LimitError('自定义超限制异常')

    def test_error():
        try:
            create_limit_error()
        except LimitError as e:
            print(e)

    test_error()  # 自定义超限制异常

断言

# coding:utf-8

if __name__ == '__main__':
    '''
     assert 表达式,message(表达式为False时,会抛出异常 raise AssertionError(message))
    '''
    assert 1 == 1
    try:
      assert 1 == 2, '1不等于2'
    except AssertionError as e:
      print(e)  # 1不等于2