LVM磁盘创建

PV（物理卷）
    整个硬盘，或使用fdisk等工具建立的普通分区
    包括许多默认4MB大小的PE
VG （卷组）
     一个或多个物理卷组合而成的整体
LV（逻辑卷）
     从卷组中分割处的一块空间，用于建立文件系统
先创建物理卷，然后创建卷组，最后再创建逻辑卷。

1.进行系统df -h，查看磁盘信息【文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点】

[root@icoolkj ~]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root   46G  1.7G   44G   4% /
devtmpfs                  16G     0   16G   0% /dev
tmpfs                     16G     0   16G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                     16G   26M   16G   1% /run
tmpfs                     16G     0   16G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1               1014M  145M  870M  15% /boot
tmpfs                    3.2G     0  3.2G   0% /run/user/0
[root@icoolkj ~]# 

2.进入系统fdisk -l，查看当前磁盘信息。

[root@icoolkj ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/vda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000ca465

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/vda2         2099200   104857599    51379200   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 48.4 GB, 48444211200 bytes, 94617600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 4160 MB, 4160749568 bytes, 8126464 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/vdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

[root@icoolkj ~]# 

 3.fdisk在Disk /dev/vdb 新的磁盘上创建分区

[root@icoolkj ~]#  fdisk /dev/vdb   # 注意，这里的vdb是不带数字的
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x1c98c327.

Command (m for help): n    # new新建分区
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p    # 选择主分区
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1   # 分区编号，直接回车，选择默认的1就好
First sector (2048-1048575999, default 2048):   # 设置起始扇区，直接回车，选择默认的
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-1048575999, default 1048575999):  # 设置结束扇区，直接回车，默认选择到磁盘的最后一个扇区。
Using default value 1048575999   # 默认分区的容量就是整个磁盘的容量
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 500 GiB is set

Command (m for help): p   # print打印当前设置好的磁盘信息（注意，此时还没物理生效）

Disk /dev/vdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x1c98c327

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vdb1            2048  1048575999   524286976   83  Linux

Command (m for help): t   # 输入t，修改磁盘格式为LVM格式
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e    # 输入8e，8e代表LVM格式
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

Command (m for help): p      # 再次打印磁盘信息

Disk /dev/vdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x1c98c327

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vdb1            2048  1048575999   524286976   8e  Linux LVM

Command (m for help): w    # w开始保存设置的磁盘分区信息，此时才是真正作用生效了。
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@icoolkj ~]# fdisk -l   # fdisk -l 重新查看一下当前磁盘信息

Disk /dev/vda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000ca465

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/vda2         2099200   104857599    51379200   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 48.4 GB, 48444211200 bytes, 94617600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 4160 MB, 4160749568 bytes, 8126464 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/vdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x1c98c327

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vdb1            2048  1048575999   524286976   8e  Linux LVM
[root@icoolkj ~]# 

4.创建pv

创建LVM概念中的物理卷。

注意：这里要选带数字编号的磁盘，这里的/dev/vdb1就是上面我们用fdisk创建好的磁盘分区，1表示我们的分区编号，上面设置的是1，所以这里就是vdb1

[root@icoolkj ~]# pvscan    # 查看当前系统上的物理卷信息
  PV /dev/vda2   VG centos          lvm2 [<49.00 GiB / 4.00 MiB free]
  Total: 1 [<49.00 GiB] / in use: 1 [<49.00 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0   ]
[root@icoolkj ~]# pvcreate /dev/vdb1   # 创建物理卷，注意这里的磁盘尾号vdb1必须带数字
  Physical volume "/dev/vdb1" successfully created.
[root@icoolkj ~]# pvscan   # 再次查看当前系统上的物理卷信息
  PV /dev/vda2   VG centos          lvm2 [<49.00 GiB / 4.00 MiB free]
  PV /dev/vdb1                      lvm2 [<500.00 GiB]
  Total: 2 [<549.00 GiB] / in use: 1 [<49.00 GiB] / in no VG: 1 [<500.00 GiB]
[root@icoolkj ~]# 

5.将pv加入vg组，扩容vg

pv是物理卷，vg是卷组，多个pv组成一个vg，然后vg里面去构建逻辑卷组lv

5.1、则创建新的vg组【如果系统没有vg 或者需要创建新的】

[root@icoolkj ~]# vgscan   # 查看系统中存在的LVM卷组
  Reading volume groups from cache.
  Found volume group "centos" using metadata type lvm2
[root@icoolkj ~]# vgcreate vgdata /dev/vdb1    # 创建vg，vg名字设置为vgdata，/dev/vdb1是我们上面创建的pv卷的名字
  Volume group "vgdata" successfully created
[root@icoolkj ~]# vgscan    # 再次查看系统中存在的LVM卷组
  Reading volume groups from cache.
  Found volume group "vgdata" using metadata type lvm2
  Found volume group "centos" using metadata type lvm2
[root@icoolkj ~]# 
[root@icoolkj ~]# vgdisplay       # 再次查看系统中各卷组的详细信息
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vgdata
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  1
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                0
  Open LV               0
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <500.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              127999
  Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0   
  Free  PE / Size       127999 / <500.00 GiB
  VG UUID               4eAgqt-SG3h-73gK-kIv2-kerR-RRXP-Tjc2Zt
   
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <49.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              12543
  Alloc PE / Size       12542 / 48.99 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       1 / 4.00 MiB
  VG UUID               sqCM5T-M2CY-szNH-3jS4-WkIs-lbqZ-sduWU8
   
[root@icoolkj ~]# 

5.2、创建新的lV【如果LV逻辑卷不存在，则创建】

[root@icoolkj ~]# lvscan
  ACTIVE            '/dev/centos/swap' [<3.88 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/centos/root' [<45.12 GiB] inherit
[root@icoolkj ~]# lvcreate -n lvdata -L 500G vgdata       # 一般无法用到500G,所以稍微小一点就好了
  Volume group "vgdata" has insufficient free space (127999 extents): 128000 required.
[root@icoolkj ~]# lvcreate -n lvdata -L 499G vgdata
  Logical volume "lvdata" created.
[root@icoolkj ~]# lvscan
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vgdata/lvdata' [499.00 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/centos/swap' [<3.88 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/centos/root' [<45.12 GiB] inherit
[root@icoolkj ~]# 
[root@icoolkj ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vgdata/lvdata    # 格式化该逻辑分区
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
32702464 inodes, 130809856 blocks
6540492 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2279604224
3992 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
	4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 
	102400000

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done     

[root@icoolkj ~]# 

5.3、挂载

[root@icoolkj ~]# lvscan
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vgdata/lvdata' [499.00 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/centos/swap' [<3.88 GiB] inherit
  ACTIVE            '/dev/centos/root' [<45.12 GiB] inherit
[root@icoolkj ~]# mkdir /data             # 创建挂载的目录
[root@icoolkj ~]# mount /dev/vgdata/lvdata /data/       # 开始挂载
[root@icoolkj ~]# df -Th
Filesystem                Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root   xfs        46G  1.7G   44G   4% /
devtmpfs                  devtmpfs   16G     0   16G   0% /dev
tmpfs                     tmpfs      16G     0   16G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                     tmpfs      16G   26M   16G   1% /run
tmpfs                     tmpfs      16G     0   16G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1                 xfs      1014M  145M  870M  15% /boot
tmpfs                     tmpfs     3.2G     0  3.2G   0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata ext4      492G   73M  467G   1% /data
# 加入开机自动挂载配置
[root@icoolkj ~]# vi /etc/fstab   
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Dec 26 14:55:48 2019
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos-root /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=806c808a-d433-4bc3-b879-d5602821fd97 /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
/dev/vgdata/lvdata      /data   ext4    defaults        0       0

6.列出所有的块设备

[root@icoolkj ~]# lsblk
NAME              MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0                11:0    1 1024M  0 rom  
vda               252:0    0   50G  0 disk 
├─vda1            252:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─vda2            252:2    0   49G  0 part 
  ├─centos-root   253:0    0 45.1G  0 lvm  /
  └─centos-swap   253:1    0  3.9G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
vdb               252:16   0  500G  0 disk 
└─vdb1            252:17   0  500G  0 part 
  └─vgdata-lvdata 253:2    0  499G  0 lvm  /data
[root@icoolkj ~]# 

到此，LVM磁盘创建完成。