Qt 笔记：多线程间的互斥（下）

线程的死锁概念

-线程间相互等待临界资源而造成批次无法继续执行

发生死锁的条件

-系统中存在多个临界资源且临界资源不可抢占

-线程需要多个临界资源才能继续执行

#include <QCoreApplication>
#include <QThread>
#include <QDebug>
#include <QMutex>

QMutex g_mutex_1;
QMutex g_mutex_2;

class ThreadA : public QThread
{
protected:
    void run()
    {
        while(true)
        {
            g_mutex_1.lock();

            qDebug() << objectName() << "get m1";

            g_mutex_2.lock();

            qDebug() << objectName() << "get m2";

            qDebug() << objectName() << "do work ...";

            g_mutex_1.unlock();
            g_mutex_2.unlock();
        }


    }
};

class ThreadB : public QThread
{
protected:
    void run()
    {
        while(true)
        {
            g_mutex_2.lock();

            qDebug() << objectName() << "get m2";

            g_mutex_1.lock();

            qDebug() << objectName() << "get m1";

            qDebug() << objectName() << "do work ...";

            g_mutex_2.unlock();
            g_mutex_1.unlock();
        }


    }
};

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QCoreApplication _a(argc, argv);

    ThreadA a;
    ThreadB b;

    a.setObjectName("a");
    b.setObjectName("b");

    a.start();
    b.start();

    return _a.exec();
}

死锁的避免

-对所有的临界资源都分配一个唯一的序号（r1,r2,r3.......rn）

-对应的线程锁也分配同样的序号（m1,m2,m3.......mn）

-系统中的每个线程按照严格递增的次序请求资源

#include <QCoreApplication>
#include <QThread>
#include <QDebug>
#include <QMutex>

QMutex g_mutex_1;
QMutex g_mutex_2;

class ThreadA : public QThread
{
protected:
    void run()
    {
        while(true)
        {
            g_mutex_1.lock();

            qDebug() << objectName() << "get m1";

            g_mutex_2.lock();

            qDebug() << objectName() << "get m2";

            qDebug() << objectName() << "do work ...";

            g_mutex_1.unlock();
            g_mutex_2.unlock();
        }


    }
};

class ThreadB : public QThread
{
protected:
    void run()
    {
        while(true)
        {
            g_mutex_1.lock();

            qDebug() << objectName() << "get m2";

            g_mutex_2.lock();

            qDebug() << objectName() << "get m1";

            qDebug() << objectName() << "do work ...";

            g_mutex_1.unlock();
            g_mutex_2.unlock();
        }


    }
};

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QCoreApplication _a(argc, argv);

    ThreadA a;
    ThreadB b;

    a.setObjectName("a");
    b.setObjectName("b");

    a.start();
    b.start();

    return _a.exec();
}

信号量的概念

-信号量是特殊的线程锁

-信号量允许N个线程同时访问临界资源

-Qt中直接支持信号量（QSemaphore）

ps：QSemaphore对象中维护了一个整形值，acquire()是的该值减1，release()使得该值加1，当该值为0时，acquire()函数将阻塞当前线程

#include <QCoreApplication>
#include <QThread>
#include <QSemaphore>
#include <QDebug>

const int SIZE = 5;

unsigned char g_buff[SIZE] = {0};

QSemaphore g_sem_free(SIZE);

QSemaphore g_sem_used(0);

class Producer : public QThread
{
protected:
    void run()
    {
        while(true)
        {
            int value = qrand() % 256;

            g_sem_free.acquire();

            for(int i = 0; i<SIZE;i++)
            {
                if(!g_buff[i])
                {
                    g_buff[i] = value;

                    qDebug() << objectName() << " generate: (" << i << ", "<<value << ")";

                    break;
                }
            }
            g_sem_used.release();
        }
    }
};

class Customer : public QThread
{
protected:
    void run()
    {
        while(true)
        {
            g_sem_used.acquire();

            for(int i = 0; i<SIZE;i++)
            {
                if(g_buff[i])
                {
                    int value = g_buff[i];

                    g_buff[i] = 0;

                    qDebug() << objectName() << "consume: (" << i << "," << value << ")";

                    break;
                }
            }
            g_sem_free.release();

            sleep(2);
        }
    }
};

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);

    Producer p1;
    Producer p2;
    Producer p3;

    p1.setObjectName("p1");
    p1.setObjectName("p2");
    p1.setObjectName("p3");

    Customer c1;
    Customer c2;

    c1.setObjectName("c1");
    c2.setObjectName("c2");

    p1.start();
    p2.start();
    p3.start();

    c1.start();
    c2.start();
    return a.exec();
}

总结：

-多线程间相互等待临界资源将导致死锁

-可以对临界资源进行编号的方法发避免死锁

-所有线程必须按照严格递增的次序请求资源

-Qt中直接支持信号量（QSemaphore）

-信号量允许N个线程同时访问临界资源