ImportError: cannot import name ‘_gi‘ from partially initialized module ‘gi‘ ubuntu 终端无法启动

Ubuntu系统安装多个Python版本后，如Python2.7、Python3.6、Python3.8，打开某些应用如gnome-terminal出现如下报错：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/gnome-terminal", line 9, in <module>
    from gi.repository import GLib, Gio
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/gi/__init__.py", line 42, in <module>
    from . import _gi
ImportError: cannot import name '_gi' from partially initialized module 'gi' (most likely due to a circular import) (/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/gi/__init__.py)

之后试了如下办法未解决：（注意更改为自己的版本号，如cpython-35m,cpython-38m）

$ ls /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/gi/
_constants.py                              _gobject     overrides           _signalhelper.py
docstring.py                               importer.py  _propertyhelper.py  types.py
_error.py                                  __init__.py  __pycache__
_gi_cairo.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so  module.py    pygtkcompat.py
_gi.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so        _option.py   repository
$ sudo cp _gi.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so _gi.cpython-38m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
$ sudo cp _gi_cairo.cpython-35m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so _gi_cairo.cpython-38m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so

又尝试为python运行update-alternatives，更换默认Python版本未解决。

又重新安装python3-6和python3.8，仍未解决。

最终尝试了如下办法最终解决：

强制为python 3.8安装PyGObject：

sudo python3.8 -m pip install --ignore-installed PyGObject 

安装过程中报错：

Installing build dependencies ... error
  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
   command: /usr/bin/python3.8 /tmp/pip-standalone-pip-j4y07fz_/__env_pip__.zip/pip install --ignore-installed --no-user --prefix /tmp/pip-build-env-pznw81vn/overlay --no-warn-script-location --no-binary :none: --only-binary :none: -i https://pypi.org/simple -- setuptools wheel pycairo
       cwd: None
  Complete output (44 lines):
  WARNING: The directory '/home/mi/.cache/pip' or its parent directory is not owned or is not writable by the current user. The cache has been disabled. Check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you should use sudo's -H flag.
  Collecting setuptools
    Downloading setuptools-60.5.0-py3-none-any.whl (958 kB)
  Collecting wheel
    Downloading wheel-0.37.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (35 kB)
  Collecting pycairo
    Downloading pycairo-1.20.1.tar.gz (344 kB)
    Installing build dependencies: started
    Installing build dependencies: finished with status 'done'
    Getting requirements to build wheel: started
    Getting requirements to build wheel: finished with status 'done'
    Preparing wheel metadata (pyproject.toml): started
    Preparing wheel metadata (pyproject.toml): finished with status 'done'
  Building wheels for collected packages: pycairo
    Building wheel for pycairo (pyproject.toml): started
    Building wheel for pycairo (pyproject.toml): finished with status 'error'
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: /usr/bin/python3.8 /tmp/tmpegfc5_3d build_wheel /tmp/tmp0xnqksl0
         cwd: /tmp/pip-install-qfr4_61u/pycairo_47a2ab367641409eb9979699f5940b5f
    Complete output (18 lines):
    running bdist_wheel
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8
    creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cairo
    copying cairo/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cairo
    copying cairo/__init__.pyi -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cairo
    copying cairo/py.typed -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.8/cairo
    running build_ext
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8
    creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/cairo
    x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC -DPYCAIRO_VERSION_MAJOR=1 -DPYCAIRO_VERSION_MINOR=20 -DPYCAIRO_VERSION_MICRO=1 -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/libpng16 -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/libpng16 -I/usr/include/python3.8 -c cairo/bufferproxy.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.8/cairo/bufferproxy.o -Wall -Warray-bounds -Wcast-align -Wconversion -Wextra -Wformat=2 -Wformat-nonliteral -Wformat-security -Wimplicit-function-declaration -Winit-self -Winline -Wmissing-format-attribute -Wmissing-noreturn -Wnested-externs -Wold-style-definition -Wpacked -Wpointer-arith -Wreturn-type -Wshadow -Wsign-compare -Wstrict-aliasing -Wundef -Wunused-but-set-variable -Wswitch-default -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-unused-command-line-argument -fno-strict-aliasing -fvisibility=hidden -std=c99
    cairo/bufferproxy.c:32:10: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
     #include <Python.h>
              ^~~~~~~~~~
    compilation terminated.
    error: command '/usr/bin/x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc' failed with exit code 1
    ----------------------------------------
    ERROR: Failed building wheel for pycairo
  Failed to build pycairo
  ERROR: Could not build wheels for pycairo, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects
  WARNING: You are using pip version 21.3; however, version 21.3.1 is available.
  You should consider upgrading via the '/usr/bin/python3.8 -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.

之后又安装了如下库：

apt install python-dev
apt install python3-dev
apt install python3.8-dev 

sudo apt-get install libgirepository1.0-dev
sudo apt-get install python-cairo
sudo apt-get install libcairo2

并执行：python3 -m pip install -U pycairo

$python3 -m pip install -U pycairo 
Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Requirement already satisfied: pycairo in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (1.16.2)
Collecting pycairo
  Using cached pycairo-1.20.1.tar.gz (344 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Preparing wheel metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
Building wheels for collected packages: pycairo
  Building wheel for pycairo (pyproject.toml) ... done
  Created wheel for pycairo: filename=pycairo-1.20.1-cp38-cp38-linux_x86_64.whl size=254171 sha256=78e74e0f8117d55144ee7460f75a8c5b4fc363a204fa6d555452ee825177e9f4
  Stored in directory: /home/mi/.cache/pip/wheels/7e/ba/dc/6688e3cf50462094cd938a481411e59ae185c73474f250fbe3
Successfully built pycairo
Installing collected packages: pycairo
Successfully installed pycairo-1.20.1

最终再次执行

sudo python3.8 -m pip install --ignore-installed PyGObject

 安装成功：

Collecting PyGObject
  Downloading PyGObject-3.42.0.tar.gz (716 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 716 kB 251 kB/s            
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Preparing wheel metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
Collecting pycairo>=1.16.0
  Downloading pycairo-1.20.1.tar.gz (344 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 344 kB 463 kB/s            
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Preparing wheel metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
Building wheels for collected packages: PyGObject, pycairo
  Building wheel for PyGObject (pyproject.toml) ... done
  Created wheel for PyGObject: filename=PyGObject-3.42.0-cp38-cp38-linux_x86_64.whl size=760090 sha256=25abb6efe84d0bba98674f892d93363f26d2972c507d475affa4398f70572a87
  Stored in directory: /tmp/pip-ephem-wheel-cache-om4qleoh/wheels/d7/c9/c1/b1a55bb0d533707eb1f730c8d82f9ef255c167bafc7a00824a
  Building wheel for pycairo (pyproject.toml) ... done
  Created wheel for pycairo: filename=pycairo-1.20.1-cp38-cp38-linux_x86_64.whl size=254223 sha256=0f2445ccb51e2d2e7e0079e3656fde046caa7408ff9ef93277f51f87a3f47745
  Stored in directory: /tmp/pip-ephem-wheel-cache-om4qleoh/wheels/7e/ba/dc/6688e3cf50462094cd938a481411e59ae185c73474f250fbe3
Successfully built PyGObject pycairo
Installing collected packages: pycairo, PyGObject
Successfully installed PyGObject-3.42.0 pycairo-1.20.1

问题解决，可以正常启动应用。