在web应用之间转发请求

在web应用之间转发请求

1. 步骤
   
   • 由于每个web应用都配备了一个大管家—-ServletContext，我们可以获得这个web应用的管家来转发请求到这个web应用的某个Servlet、JSP、HTML文档。
   • 由于从一个web应用访问另一个web应用资源存在安全问题，所以默认是不能访问的。我们可以在web应用的目录META-INF下创建一个context.xml文件，指定crossContext的值为true，即可访问。它的值默认是false。
   • 具体到代码，要获得一个web应用的ServletContext，可以使用ServletContext对象的getContext(String uripath)方法，uripath指定其他web应用的URL入口。

2. 代码

   • 使用eclipse新建两个Dynamin Web Project项目，名称是TestServlet、Dispatcher,分别新建两个类CrossServlet、OutputServlet,都继承HttpServlet前者将用户请求转发到Dispatcher应用下的outputServlet。类代码如下:

     CrossServlet类:

     package com.lovo.visitother;
     
     import java.io.IOException;
     import java.io.PrintWriter;
     
     import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
     import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
     import javax.servlet.ServletException;
     import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
     import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
     import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
     import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
     
     public class CrossServlet extends HttpServlet {
         private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
     
         public CrossServlet() {
             super();
         }
     
         protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
             String name = request.getParameter("username");
             response.setContentType("text/plain;charset=utf-8");
             if (name == null) {
                 name = "Please Input Username!";
             } else {
                 name = "Hello! " + name;
             }
             PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
             request.setAttribute("username", name);
             ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
             //获取web应用Dispatcher的ServletContext
             ServletContext crossContext = context.getContext("/Dispatcher");
             //获取请求转发的对象
             RequestDispatcher patcher = crossContext.getRequestDispatcher("/OutputServlet");
             patcher.forward(request, response);
         }
     
         protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
             doGet(request, response);
         }
     }
     

     OutputServlet类:

   package com.lovo.dispatcher;
   
   import java.io.IOException;
   import java.io.PrintWriter;
   
   import javax.servlet.ServletException;
   import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
   import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
   import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
   import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
   
   public class OutputServlet extends HttpServlet {
       private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
   
       public OutputServlet() {
           super();
       }
   
       protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
           request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
           String msg = (String) request.getAttribute("username");
           PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
           out.println(msg);
           out.write("===================");
           out.close();
       }
   
       protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
           doGet(request, response);
       }
   }
   

   • 两个Servlet的web.xml文件

   CrossServlet类的web.xml

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
       <display-name>TestServlet</display-name>
       <servlet>
           <servlet-name>CrossServlet</servlet-name>
           <servlet-class>com.lovo.visitother.CrossServlet</servlet-class>
       </servlet>
       <servlet-mapping>
               <servlet-name>CrossServlet</servlet-name>
               <url-pattern>/TestServlet/CrossServlet</url-pattern>
       </servlet-mapping>
   </web-app>

   OutputServlet类的web.xml

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
       <display-name>Dispatcher</display-name>
       <servlet>
           <servlet-name>OutputServlet</servlet-name>
           <servlet-class>com.lovo.dispatcher.OutputServlet</servlet-class>
       </servlet>
       <servlet-mapping>
               <servlet-name>OutputServlet</servlet-name>
               <url-pattern>/Dispatcher/OutputServlet</url-pattern>
       </servlet-mapping>
   </web-app>

   • 配置CrossServlet的context.xml文件

     • 在web应用TestServlet的webContent下的META_INF目录创建context.xml文件，文件内容如下：

     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
     <context reloadable="true" crossContext="true"></context>

   • reloadable="true"的意思是让Tomcat监测文件是否改动，如果有改动，自动重新加载。

   • crossContext="true"表示可以访问另一个web资源
   • 所有弄好之后，项目的文件如下图所示:
     
3. 运行
   
   • 在eclipse运行Tomcat在浏览器输入localhost:8080/TestServlet/CrossServlet，即可访.