最小邮票数

时间限制:1秒  空间限制:65536K  热度指数:2079
 算法知识视频讲解

题目描述

    有若干张邮票,要求从中选取最少的邮票张数凑成一个给定的总值。     如,有1分,3分,3分,3分,4分五张邮票,要求凑成10分,则使用3张邮票:3分、3分、4分即可。

输入描述:

    有多组数据,对于每组数据,首先是要求凑成的邮票总值M,M<100。然后是一个数N,N〈20,表示有N张邮票。接下来是N个正整数,分别表示这N张邮票的面值,且以升序排列。

输出描述:

      对于每组数据,能够凑成总值M的最少邮票张数。若无解,输出0。
示例1

输入

10
5
1 3 3 3 4

输出

3

01背包问题,使总价值量最小,先把所有的初态置为最大数,只有0的初态是0

// pat.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的

//#include "stdafx.h"
#include"stdio.h"
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
#include<vector>
#include<queue>
#include<map>
using namespace std;
int m,n;
int a[30];
int dp[110];
int main(){

	//freopen("c://jin.txt","r",stdin);
	
	while(cin>>m){
	fill(dp+1,dp+m+1,m+1);//最多就是全部用1元硬币表示 这里设为m+1,是最多的状态,根本不可能表示的极限状态。
		cin>>n;
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
	{cin>>a[i];
	}
	dp[0]=0;//能一种表示方法的尽头
	// sort(a,a+n);
	
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
		for(int w=m;w>=a[i];w--){
			
			dp[w]=min(dp[w-a[i]]+1,dp[w]);//取最少的表示方法
			
	
	
		}}
	if(dp[m]<m+1)
	cout<<dp[m]<<endl;
	else cout<<"0"<<endl;//如果是m+1,则无法表示
	}

	//freopen("CON","r",stdin);
	//system("pause");

	return 0;
}

  • 0
    点赞
  • 0
    收藏
    觉得还不错? 一键收藏
  • 0
    评论
DESCRIPTION: 1.Analyze Problem A : sorted stamps array A={ai} ai: one stamp element in array n: array size, that is number of elements in array r: desired value of stamps F(n,r):expected result, minimum number of stamps for a given value r from n size array. S: selected stamps array S={si} 2.Choose Algorithm a.Greedy algorithm seems to be a good choice, try to solve it in O(n), i try divide array into subarry B={bi}, r should larger than every elemnt in B that is r>bi and suppose bk is the smallest element in B, so that r= bk%r, f(i,r)=(bk/r), F(n,r)=∑f(i,r). The main idea is to choose the last element who larger than desired value each time. However,it can not give us optimal solution in some condition, like A={8,5,4,1}, if r=10, this algoritm will give a solution F(n,r)=3, S={8,1,1},but the optimal solution should be F(n,r)=2, S={5,5}. b.Full search so the straight forwards algorithm is to search for every solution in A for desired value directly.However, it will always take O(n!) to go through every combination. c.Dynamic programming, at last, I decide to choose dynamic programming. analyze optimal structure, suppose in A={ai}, for a specific stamp ak,there will be two cases it is choosen so that f(i,r)=1+f(i,r-ak) , 1<=i<=k, r>=ak it is not valid so that f(i,r)=f(i-1,r) 3.Design Dynamic programming optimal structure: Compute-opt(r)= 1 + Compute-opt(r-ai) value: Compute-opt(r) = ∞ (r < 0) Compute-opt(r) = 0 (r = 0) Compute-opt(r) = 1+{Compute-opt(r-ai)} ( 1=<i<=n, r>ai>0 ) Complexity :O(nr) Memory cost:O(n+r) Compute in a bottom-up style to recursive every desired value and array. store value of Compute-opt in memory for future use, so that we can easily get value from those memory in future recursive call, and avoid compute again, that is if the array is not change, you can easily fetch result any desired value j (j < r, r is the value using for compute ). 2.For User totally, I design a small command line for this machine list below 1.Manual Operation 2.Self Auto Testing 3.Check Results q.Quit Manual Operation: when select this machine will turn to be manual mode, ask person to input stamps and desired value; Self Auto Testing:when select this machine will turn to be auto mode, show the test case already design in code after that machine will quit automatically. Check Results: only be visiable in Manual Operation, people can check desired value for the array input before, the desired value should be no more than first time input. Quit, clean all the memory and quit system.

“相关推荐”对你有帮助么?

  • 非常没帮助
  • 没帮助
  • 一般
  • 有帮助
  • 非常有帮助
提交
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值