线程的一些常见错误使用

wait notify

public class TestLockSupport {

  public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
    final Object obj = new Object();
    Thread A = new Thread(new Runnable() {
      @Override
      public void run() {
        int sum = 0;
        for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
          sum+=i;
        }
        try {
          obj.wait();
//          synchronized (obj) {
//            obj.wait();
//          }

        }catch (Exception e){
          e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(sum);
      }
    });
    A.start();
    //睡眠一秒钟，保证线程A已经计算完成，阻塞在wait方法
    Thread.sleep(1000);
    obj.notify();
//    synchronized (obj) {
//      obj.notify();
//    }
  }
}
// 错误提示
java.lang.IllegalMonitorStateException
	at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
	at java.lang.Object.wait(Object.java:502)
	at com.cn.springboot.springboot.conncurrent.TestLockSupport$1.run(TestLockSupport.java:15)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

public class TestLockSupport {

  public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
    final Object obj = new Object();
    Thread A = new Thread(new Runnable() {
      @Override
      public void run() {
        int sum = 0;
        for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
          sum+=i;
        }
        try {
//          obj.wait();
          synchronized (obj) {
            obj.wait();
          }

        }catch (Exception e){
          e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(sum);
      }
    });
    A.start();
    //睡眠一秒钟，保证线程A已经计算完成，阻塞在wait方法
    Thread.sleep(1000);
//    obj.notify();
    synchronized (obj) {
      obj.notify();
    }
  }
}

wait与notify、notifyall连用的是否，只能在同步代码块中使用

LockSupport

public class TestLockSupport {

  public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
    final Object obj = new Object();
    Thread A = new Thread(new Runnable() {
      @Override
      public void run() {
        int sum = 0;
        for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
          sum+=i;
        }
        LockSupport.park();
        System.out.println(sum);
      }
    });
    A.start();
    //睡眠一秒钟，保证线程A已经计算完成，阻塞在wait方法
    Thread.sleep(1000);
    LockSupport.unpark(A);
  }
}

总结： LockSupport比Object的wait/notify有两大优势：

• LockSupport不需要在同步代码块里 。所以线程间也不需要维护一个共享的同步对象了，实现了线程间的解耦。
• unpark函数可以先于park调用，所以不需要担心线程间的执行的先后顺序。

应用: 简单应用透彻到源码

public class TestObjWait {

  public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
    // 创建队列
    ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable> queue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(1000);
    // 线程池的相关使用  当队列已经满了、就会存放到queue 
    ThreadPoolExecutor poolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(5,5,1000, TimeUnit.SECONDS,queue);
    // 创建任务
    Future<String> future = poolExecutor.submit(new Callable<String>() {
      @Override
      public String call() throws Exception {
        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(5);
        return "hello";
      }
    });
    String result = future.get();
    System.out.println(result);
  }
}

 public <T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task) {
        if (task == null) throw new NullPointerException();
        // 运行是任务
        RunnableFuture<T> ftask = newTaskFor(task);
        execute(ftask);
        return ftask;
    }

创建对象

protected <T> RunnableFuture<T> newTaskFor(Callable<T> callable) {
        return new FutureTask<T>(callable);
    }

get 方法是如何等待、又如何获取到值的呢？

// 就是判断下当前任务是否执行完毕，如果执行完毕直接返回任务结果，否则进入awaitDone方法阻塞等待
public V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
        int s = state;
        if (s <= COMPLETING)
            s = awaitDone(false, 0L);
        return report(s);
    }

private int awaitDone(boolean timed, long nanos)
        throws InterruptedException {
        final long deadline = timed ? System.nanoTime() + nanos : 0L;
        WaitNode q = null;
        boolean queued = false;
        for (;;) {
            if (Thread.interrupted()) {
                removeWaiter(q);
                throw new InterruptedException();
            }

            int s = state;
            if (s > COMPLETING) {
                if (q != null)
                    q.thread = null;
                return s;
            }
            else if (s == COMPLETING) // cannot time out yet
                Thread.yield();
            else if (q == null)
                q = new WaitNode();
            else if (!queued)
                queued = UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, waitersOffset,
                                                     q.next = waiters, q);
            else if (timed) {
                nanos = deadline - System.nanoTime();
                if (nanos <= 0L) {
                    removeWaiter(q);
                    return state;
                }
                LockSupport.parkNanos(this, nanos);
            }
            else
                LockSupport.park(this);
        }
    }

上边已经说完了阻塞等待任务结果的逻辑，接下来再看看线程池执行完任务，唤醒等待线程的逻辑实现。
前边说了，咱们提交的基于Callable实现的任务，已经被封装为FutureTask任务提交给了线程池执行，任务的执行就是FutureTask的run方法执行。如下是FutureTask的run方法：

 public void run() {
        if (state != NEW ||
            !UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, runnerOffset,
                                         null, Thread.currentThread()))
            return;
        try {
            Callable<V> c = callable;
            if (c != null && state == NEW) {
                V result;
                boolean ran;
                try {
                    result = c.call();
                    ran = true;
                } catch (Throwable ex) {
                    result = null;
                    ran = false;
                    setException(ex);
                }
                if (ran)
                    set(result);
            }
        } finally {
            // runner must be non-null until state is settled to
            // prevent concurrent calls to run()
            runner = null;
            // state must be re-read after nulling runner to prevent
            // leaked interrupts
            int s = state;
            if (s >= INTERRUPTING)
                handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(s);
        }
    }

c.call()就是执行我们提交的任务，任务执行完后调用了set方法，进入set方法发现set方法调用了finishCompletion方法，想必唤醒线程的工作就在这里边了，看看代码实现吧：

  private void finishCompletion() {
        // assert state > COMPLETING;
        for (WaitNode q; (q = waiters) != null;) {
            if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, waitersOffset, q, null)) {
                for (;;) {
                    Thread t = q.thread;
                    if (t != null) {
                        q.thread = null;
                        LockSupport.unpark(t);
                    }
                    WaitNode next = q.next;
                    if (next == null)
                        break;
                    q.next = null; // unlink to help gc
                    q = next;
                }
                break;
            }
        }

        done();

        callable = null;        // to reduce footprint
    }

先是通过cas操作将所有等待的线程拿出来，然后便使用LockSupport的unpark唤醒每个线程。