设计模式-观察者模式

定义

观察者模式是定义了多个对象之间的一种一对多的依赖，当一个对象发生状态变更时，其他依赖他的所有对象会收到通知并自动更新

例子

类图

主题观察者代码

主题代码如下

主题接口

package com.example.design.pattern.book.observer;

public interface Subject {
    void registerObserver(Observer observer);
    void removeObserver(Observer observer);
    void notifyObserver();
}

具体主题实现

package com.example.design.pattern.book.observer;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class ConcreteSubject implements Subject {

    private List<Observer> observers;

    private int temp;
    private int press;
    private int hum;

    public ConcreteSubject() {
        this.observers = new ArrayList<>();
    }

    @Override
    public void registerObserver(Observer observer) {

        observers.add(observer);

    }

    @Override
    public void removeObserver(Observer observer) {

        int index = observers.indexOf(observer);

        observers.remove(index);
    }

    @Override
    public void notifyObserver() {

        observers.forEach(
                observer -> {
                    observer.update(temp, press, hum);
                }
        );
    }

    public void setMeasuresChange(int temp, int press, int hum) {

        this.temp = temp;
        this.hum = hum;
        this.press = press;
        notifyObserver();
    }
}

观察者代码如下

观察者接口

package com.example.design.pattern.book.observer;

public interface Observer {

    void update(int temp, int press, int hum);

}

具体观察者1

package com.example.design.pattern.book.observer;

public class Observer1 implements Observer {
    private Subject subject;

    private int temp;
    private int press;
    private int hum;

    public Observer1(Subject subject) {
        this.subject = subject;
        subject.registerObserver(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void update(int temp, int press, int hum) {

        this.temp = temp;
        this.press = press;
        this.hum = hum;

        System.out.println("Observer1 update" + temp + press + hum);

    }
}

具体观察者2

package com.example.design.pattern.book.observer;

public class Observer2 implements Observer {
    private Subject subject;

    private int temp;
    private int press;
    private int hum;

    public Observer2(Subject subject) {
        this.subject = subject;
        subject.registerObserver(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void update(int temp, int press, int hum) {

        this.temp = temp;
        this.press = press;
        this.hum = hum;

        System.out.println("Observer2 update" + temp + press + hum);

    }
}

具体观察者3

package com.example.design.pattern.book.observer;

public class Observer3 implements Observer {
    private Subject subject;

    private int temp;
    private int press;
    private int hum;

    public Observer3(Subject subject) {
        this.subject = subject;
        subject.registerObserver(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void update(int temp, int press, int hum) {
        this.temp = temp;
        this.press = press;
        this.hum = hum;

        System.out.println("Observer3 update" + temp + press + hum);
    }
}

利用java内置的主题观察者代码

具体的主题对象

package com.example.design.pattern.book.observer.inner;

import com.example.design.pattern.book.observer.Observer;
import com.example.design.pattern.book.observer.Subject;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Observable;

public class ConcreteSubject extends Observable {

    //状态
    private int temp;
    private int press;
    private int hum;

    public ConcreteSubject() {
    }

    //当温度压力等发生改变时调用此函数
    public void measureChanged(int temp, int press, int hum) {
        this.temp = temp;
        this.press = press;
        this.hum = hum;

        measure();
    }

    private void measure(){
        // 更新观察者时有更多 的弹性，可以在适当的时候（当某一状态>=1时）通知观察者，而不是不断通知
        setChanged();
        notifyObservers();
    }
    
    //便于观察者获取更新的内容
    public int getTemp() {
        return temp;
    }

    public int getPress() {
        return press;
    }

    public int getHum() {
        return hum;
    }

}

具体的观察者1

package com.example.design.pattern.book.observer.inner;


import java.util.Observable;
import java.util.Observer;

public class Observer1 implements Observer {

    private Observable observable;

    public Observer1(Observable observable) {
        this.observable = observable;
        observable.addObserver(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void update(Observable o, Object arg) {

        ConcreteSubject subject = (ConcreteSubject) o;

        System.out.println("Observer1 update" + subject.getTemp() + subject.getPress() + subject.getHum());

    }
}

具体的观察者2

package com.example.design.pattern.book.observer.inner;

import com.example.design.pattern.book.observer.Subject;

import java.util.Observable;
import java.util.Observer;

public class Observer2 implements Observer {


    private Observable observable;

    public Observer2(Observable observable) {
        this.observable = observable;
        observable.addObserver(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void update(Observable o, Object arg) {

        ConcreteSubject subject = (ConcreteSubject) o;

        System.out.println("Observer2 update" + subject.getTemp() + subject.getPress() + subject.getHum());

    }
}

具体的观察者3

package com.example.design.pattern.book.observer.inner;


import java.util.Observable;
import java.util.Observer;

public class Observer3 implements Observer {

    private Observable observable;

    public Observer3(Observable observable) {
        this.observable = observable;
        observable.addObserver(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void update(Observable o, Object arg) {

        ConcreteSubject subject = (ConcreteSubject) o;

        System.out.println("Observer3 update" + subject.getTemp() + subject.getPress() + subject.getHum());

    }

}

分析java内置

• 只会当changed为true的时候通知，通知后置为false状态
• setChanged(); 是置状态为true的方法
• 注意最坏情况：
  • 当前观察者 赋值给 临时数组变量 会导致此后新增的观察者不会收到通知，此后删除的观察者会被通知