python的深拷贝和浅拷贝，以list为例

训练的时候遇到个大坑，就是深拷贝浅拷贝的问题，模型直接训错了，记录一下警示自己。

参考https://www.cnblogs.com/Black-rainbow/p/9577029.html

在验证代码时，发现了一个问题，就是切片赋值跟上述博文结果不符，原因未知。请知道原因的小伙伴不吝赐教。

深拷贝的方法是使用copy.deepcopy。其他方法为浅拷贝，除了切片赋值。测试代码在python3.6上运行。

样例：

深拷贝

import copy
old = [1,[1,2,3],3]
new = copy.deepcopy(old)
print('Before:', old, new)
new[0] = 3
new[1][0] = 3
print('After:', old, new)

Before: [1, [1, 2, 3], 3] [1, [1, 2, 3], 3]
After: [1, [1, 2, 3], 3] [3, [3, 2, 3], 3]

浅拷贝

1.=赋值

old = [1,[1,2,3],3]
new = old
print('Before:', old, new)
new[0] = 3
new[1][0] = 3
print('After:', old, new)

Before: [1, [1, 2, 3], 3] [1, [1, 2, 3], 3]
After: [3, [3, 2, 3], 3] [3, [3, 2, 3], 3]

2.copy（）

old = [1,[1,2,3],3]
new = old.copy()
print('Before:', old, new)
new[0] = 3
new[1][0] = 3
print('After:', old, new)

Before: [1, [1, 2, 3], 3] [1, [1, 2, 3], 3]
After: [3, [3, 2, 3], 3] [3, [3, 2, 3], 3]

3.使用列表生成

old = [1,[1,2,3],3]
new = [i for i in old]
print('Before:', old, new)
new[0] = 3
new[1][0] = 3
print('After:', old, new)

Before: [1, [1, 2, 3], 3] [1, [1, 2, 3], 3]
After: [3, [3, 2, 3], 3] [3, [3, 2, 3], 3]

4.用for循环遍历

old = [1,[1,2,3],3]
new = []
for i in range(len(old)):
    new.append(old[i])
print('Before:', old, new)
new[0] = 3
new[1][0] = 3
print('After:', old, new)

Before: [1, [1, 2, 3], 3] [1, [1, 2, 3], 3]
After: [3, [3, 2, 3], 3] [3, [3, 2, 3], 3]

5.使用切片？

old = [1,[1,2,3],3]
new = old[:]
print('Before:', old, new)
new[0] = 3
new[1][0] = 3
print('After:', old, new)

 注意：此处old[0]的值没变，old[1][0]的值变了。

Before: [1, [1, 2, 3], 3] [1, [1, 2, 3], 3]
After: [1, [3, 2, 3], 3] [3, [3, 2, 3], 3]

然后我又做了个测试

old = [1,2,3]
new = old[:]
print('Before:', old, new)
new[0] = 3
print('After:', old, new)

 深拷贝？

Before: [1, 2, 3] [1, 2, 3]
After: [1, 2, 3] [3, 2, 3]

没弄明白切片是深拷贝还是浅拷贝。没弄清楚前暂时不用这个方法了。