linux v4l2进行视频采集编程介绍

使用V4L2进行视频采集，一般有下面的五个主要步骤：

1.打开设备（一般是/dev/video），进行初始化参数设置，包括分辨率，像素格式等；
2.申请图像帧缓冲，并进行内存映射mmap；
3.把帧缓冲进行入队操作，开始视频流进行采集；
4.进行出队，然后对数据进行处理，然后入队，如此循环往复；
5.释放资源，停止采集工作。

主要流程和代码如下：

1、打开视频设备文件

  #define FILE_VIDEO      "/dev/video0"
  
    //打开摄像头设备
    if ((fd = open(FILE_VIDEO, O_RDWR)) == -1) 
    {
        printf("Error opening V4L interface\n");
        return FALSE;
    }

2、查询或者设置设备参数

    //查询设备属性
    if (ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCAP, &cap) == -1) 
    {
        printf("Error opening device %s: unable to query device.\n",FILE_VIDEO);
        return FALSE;
    }

    //显示所有支持帧格式
    fmtdesc.index=0;
    fmtdesc.type=V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
    printf("Support format:\n");
    while(ioctl(fd,VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT,&fmtdesc)!=-1)
    {
        printf("\t%d.%s\n",fmtdesc.index+1,fmtdesc.description);
        fmtdesc.index++;
    }

	//设置帧格式
    if(ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_S_FMT, &fmt) == -1)
    {
        printf("Unable to set format\n");
        return FALSE;
    }
	//获取帧格式
    printf("get fmt...\n"); 
    if(ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_G_FMT, &fmt) == -1)
    {
        printf("Unable to get format\n");
        return FALSE;
    }

    //设置及查看帧速率，这里设置30帧，就是1秒采集30张图
    memset(&stream_para, 0, sizeof(struct v4l2_streamparm));
    stream_para.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE; 
    stream_para.parm.capture.timeperframe.denominator = 30;
    stream_para.parm.capture.timeperframe.numerator = 1;

    if(ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_S_PARM, &stream_para) == -1)
    {
        printf("Unable to set frame rate\n");
        return FALSE;
    }
    if(ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_G_PARM, &stream_para) == -1)
    {
        printf("Unable to get frame rate\n");
        return FALSE;       
    }

3、申请帧缓冲，内存映射

int v4l2_mem_ops()
{
    unsigned int n_buffers;
    struct v4l2_requestbuffers req;
    
    //申请帧缓冲
    req.count=FRAME_NUM;
    req.type=V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
    req.memory=V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
    if(ioctl(fd,VIDIOC_REQBUFS,&req)==-1)
    {
        printf("request for buffers error\n");
        return FALSE;
    }

    // 申请用户空间的地址列
    buffers = malloc(req.count*sizeof (*buffers));
    if (!buffers) 
    {
        printf ("out of memory!\n");
        return FALSE;
    }
    
    // 进行内存映射
    for (n_buffers = 0; n_buffers < FRAME_NUM; n_buffers++) 
    {
        buf.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
        buf.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
        buf.index = n_buffers;
        //查询
        if (ioctl (fd, VIDIOC_QUERYBUF, &buf) == -1)
        {
            printf("query buffer error\n");
            return FALSE;
        }

        //映射
        buffers[n_buffers].length = buf.length;
        buffers[n_buffers].start = mmap(NULL,buf.length,PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, buf.m.offset);
        if (buffers[n_buffers].start == MAP_FAILED)
        {
            printf("buffer map error\n");
            return FALSE;
        }
    }
    return TRUE;    
}

4、入队，开启视频采集

    //入队和开启采集
    for (n_buffers = 0; n_buffers < FRAME_NUM; n_buffers++)
    {
        buf.index = n_buffers;
        ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf);
    }
    type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
    ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, &type);

5、出队，进行数据处理，数据处理之后又入队，继续视频采集，如此循环往复

        for(n_buffers = 0; n_buffers < FRAME_NUM; n_buffers++)
        {
            //出队
            buf.index = n_buffers;
            ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_DQBUF, &buf);

            //查看采集数据的时间戳之差，单位为微妙
            buffers[n_buffers].timestamp = buf.timestamp.tv_sec*1000000+buf.timestamp.tv_usec;
            cur_time = buffers[n_buffers].timestamp;
            extra_time = cur_time - last_time;
            last_time = cur_time;
            printf("time_deta:%lld\n\n",extra_time);
            printf("buf_len:%d\n",buffers[n_buffers].length);

            //处理数据只是简单写入文件，名字以loop的次数和帧缓冲数目有关
            printf("grab image data OK\n");
            memset(file_name,0,sizeof(file_name));
            memset(index_str,0,sizeof(index_str));
            sprintf(index_str,"%d",loop*4+n_buffers);
            strcpy(file_name,IMAGE);
            strcat(file_name,index_str);
            strcat(file_name,".jpg");
            //strcat(file_name,".yuv");
            FILE *fp2 = fopen(file_name, "wb");
            if(!fp2)
            {
                printf("open %s error\n",file_name);
                return(FALSE);
            }
            fwrite(buffers[n_buffers].start, IMAGEHEIGHT*IMAGEWIDTH*2,1,fp2);
            fclose(fp2);
            printf("save %s OK\n",file_name);

            //入队循环
            ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, &buf);       
        }

6、结束采集

    //关闭流
    type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
    ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, &type);
    
    //关闭内存映射
    for(n_buffers=0;n_buffers<FRAME_NUM;n_buffers++)
    {
        munmap(buffers[n_buffers].start,buffers[n_buffers].length);
    }
    
    //释放申请的内存
    free(buffers);
    
    //关闭设备
    close(fd);

以上就是一个利用linux v4l2框架进行视频采集的一个完整流程，主要是对几个主要步骤的代码实现。