Qt开发之网络传输http/https应用集合

Qt使用应用层协议用到几个类QNetworkAccessManager、QNetworkRequest、QNetworkReply、QIODevice；QNetworkAccessManager允许应用程序发送网络请求并接收响应，网络访问API是围绕一个QNetworkAccessManager对象构建的，该对象持有它发送的请求的公共配置和设置。它包含代理和缓存配置，以及与此类问题相关的信号，以及可用于监控网络操作进展的应答信号（Signal）。一个QNetworkAccessManager实例对于整个Qt应用程序应该足够了。由于QNetworkAccessManager基于QObject，所以只能从它所属的线程使用它。QNetworkRequest是网络访问API的一部分，是一个持有通过网络发送请求所需信息的类。它包含一个URL和一些可用于修改请求的辅助信息。即可设置http报头（header）信息，状态码属性以及ssl配置等。QNetworkReply类包含使用QNetworkAccessManager发送的请求的数据和报头（header）。其中包含对网络资源的监控进度。

Qt中的网络访问分异步跟同步两种方式，以下代码段为异步方式：关于下载资源遇到一个大坑，就是 reply->readAll()只能使用一次，读完数据之后，Qt的IO设备会将缓存清空。

#ifndef IHTTPREQRES_H
#define IHTTPREQRES_H

#include <QtNetwork/QNetworkAccessManager>
#include <QScriptEngine>
#include <QNetworkReply>
#include <QDir>
#include <QException>

class IHttpReqRes : public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    IHttpReqRes();
    //get请求
    void doHttpGet(const QString& url, const QString& urpath,const QByteArray & parmdata);
    //post请求
    void doHttpPost(const QString& url, const QString& urpath,const QByteArray & parmdata);
    //下载图片，文件等
    //参数二为绝对路径
    void urlDownload(const QString &url, const QString &filename);
protected:
    void slot_ResponseFinished(QNetworkReply *reply);
    void slotDownLoad(QNetworkReply *reply);
    void downloadProcess(qint64 bytesReceived, qint64 bytesTotal);
    void slot_readyRead();
private:
    QNetworkAccessManager *m_netWorkAccessManager;
    QNetworkReply *m_netReply;
    QNetworkRequest netRequest;
    QString m_strResult;
    QString m_fileName;

};

#endif // IHTTPREQRES_H

#include "ihttpreqres.h"
#include <QTextCodec>
#include <QScriptValueIterator>

IHttpReqRes::IHttpReqRes()
{
    m_netWorkAccessManager = new QNetworkAccessManager();
}

void IHttpReqRes::urlDownload(const QString &url, const QString &filename)
{
    if (filename.isEmpty() || url.isEmpty())
        return;
    m_fileName = filename;
    netRequest.setUrl(QUrl(url));
    m_netReply = m_netWorkAccessManager->get(netRequest);
    connect(m_netWorkAccessManager,&QNetworkAccessManager::finished, this,&IHttpReqRes::slotDownLoad);
    //进度条
    connect(m_netReply, &QNetworkReply::downloadProgress, this, &IHttpReqRes::downloadProcess);
}

void IHttpReqRes::doHttpGet(const QString& url, const QString& urpath,const QByteArray & parmdata)
{
    netRequest.setUrl(QUrl(url + urpath + parmdata));
    m_netReply = m_netWorkAccessManager->get(netRequest);
    
    qDebug() <<"url:"<< m_netReply->url().toString();
    
    connect(m_netWorkAccessManager,&QNetworkAccessManager::finished, this,&IHttpReqRes::slot_ResponseFinished);
}

void IHttpReqRes::doHttpPost(const QString &url, const QString &urpath, const QByteArray &parmdata)
{
    //netRequest.setHeader(QNetworkRequest::KnownHeaders::ContentTypeHeader,"application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
    //netRequest.setHeader(QNetworkRequest::ContentLengthHeader, parmdata.length());
    netRequest.setUrl(QUrl(url + urpath));
    m_netReply = m_netWorkAccessManager->post(netRequest,parmdata);
    
    qDebug() <<"url:"<< m_netReply->url().toString();
    
    connect(m_netWorkAccessManager,&QNetworkAccessManager::finished, this,&IHttpReqRes::slot_ResponseFinished);
}

void IHttpReqRes::slot_ResponseFinished(QNetworkReply *reply)
{
    try {
        QTextCodec *codec = QTextCodec::codecForName("utf8");
        if (m_netReply->attribute(QNetworkRequest::Attribute::HttpStatusCodeAttribute).toInt()!= 200)///网络报错
            return;
        m_strResult = codec->toUnicode(reply->readAll());
        QScriptEngine engine;
        QScriptValue sc = engine.evaluate("value=" + m_strResult);
        int nCode = sc.property("code").toInt32();
        QString sMsg = sc.property("msg").toString();
        
        if (sc.property("data").isArray())
        {    
            QScriptValueIterator it(sc.property("data"));
            while (it.hasNext()) {
                it.next();
                if (it.hasNext())
                    qDebug()<< "结果："<< it.value().property("strkline").toString();
            }
        }
        qDebug() <<"返回结果: "<< m_strResult <<"code:"<< nCode <<"sMsg："<< sMsg;
    } catch (std::exception &e) {
        qDebug()<<"发生异常："<< e.what();
    }
    
}

void IHttpReqRes::slotDownLoad(QNetworkReply *reply)
{
    QFile file;
    qDebug()<< "链接："<< reply->url();
    file.setFileName(m_fileName);
   if (file.open(QFile::ReadWrite))
   {    
       file.write(reply->readAll());//readAll只能用一次打印出来就buffer就清空了。
       file.flush(); // 刷新文件
       file.close();
   }
    //方法二:
    //QPixmap pix;
//    QByteArray data = reply->readAll();
//    pix.loadFromData(data,"PNG");
   // pix.save(m_fileName,"PNG",100);//文件名 图像格式 压缩率图片质量
}

void IHttpReqRes::downloadProcess(qint64 bytesReceived, qint64 bytesTotal)
{
    qDebug()<<"进度："<< bytesTotal<< " 接收："<<bytesReceived;
}

顺便介绍一下Qt json解析用法：主要用到以下几个类

QJsonDocument、QJsonObject、QJsonArray、QJsonParseError

QTextCodec *codec = QTextCodec::codecForName("utf8");
        if (m_netReply->attribute(QNetworkRequest::Attribute::HttpStatusCodeAttribute).toInt()!= 200)///网络报错
            return;
        m_strResult = codec->toUnicode(reply->readAll());
        
        QJsonParseError *error=new QJsonParseError;
        QJsonDocument jdc = QJsonDocument::fromJson(QByteArray(m_strResult.toStdString().data()),error);
        if(error->error!=QJsonParseError::NoError)
        {
            qDebug()<<"parseJson:"<<error->errorString();
            return;
        }
        if (jdc.isEmpty())
            return;
        QJsonObject jObj = jdc.object();
        QString msg = jObj.value("msg").toString();
        QJsonArray array = jObj.value("data").toArray();
        int cnt = array.size();
        
        for (int i = 0; i < cnt; ++i)
        {
           QString cd = array.at(i).toObject().value("chargeDate").toString();
           QString cny = array.at(i).toObject().value("currency").toString();
           int id = array.at(i).toObject().value("id").toInt();
           QString orderNo = array.at(i).toObject().value("orderNo").toString();
           double price = array.at(i).toObject().value("price").toDouble();
           qDebug() << "chargeDate："<< cd << "currency："<< cny <<"id："<< id << "orderNo："<< orderNo << "price："<< price;
        }