Python模块 - openpyxl

1、     安装

pip install openpyxl

想要在文件中插入图片文件,需要安装pillow,安装文件:PIL-fork-1.1.7.win-amd64-py2.7.exe

 

2、     创建一个excel 文件,并写入不同类的内容

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook
wb = Workbook()   
#创建文件对象

# grab the activeworksheet
ws = wb.active     #获取第一个sheet

# Data can beassigned directly to cells
ws['A1'] = 42      #写入数字
ws['B1'] = "光荣之路"+"automation test" #写入中文

# Rows can also be appended
ws.append([1, 2, 3])    #写入多个单元格

# Python types willautomatically be converted
import datetime
import time
ws[
'A2'] = datetime.datetime.now()    #写入一个当前时间

#写入一个自定义的时间格式
ws[
'A3'] =time.strftime("%Y年%m月%d日 %H时%M分%S秒",time.localtime())

# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

 

3、     创建sheet

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook
wb = Workbook()

ws1 = wb.create_sheet(
"Mysheet")           #创建一个sheet
ws1.title = "New Title"                    #设定一个sheet的名字
ws2 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet", 0)        #设定sheet的插入位置
ws2.title = u"光荣之路自动化测试培训"    #设定一个sheet的名字

ws1.sheet_properties.tabColor= "1072BA"   #设定sheet的标签的背景颜色

#获取某个sheet对象
print wb.get_sheet_by_name(u"光荣之路自动化测试培训"  )
print wb[
"New Title"]

#获取全部sheet 的名字,遍历sheet名字
print wb.sheetnames
for sheet_name in wb.sheetnames:
   
print sheet_name

print "*"*50

for sheet in wb:
   
print sheet.title

#复制一个sheet
wb["New Title"]["A1"]="gloryroad"
source = wb["New Title"]
target = wb.copy_worksheet(source)

# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

 

4、     操作单元格

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook
wb = Workbook()

ws1 = wb.create_sheet(
"Mysheet")           #创建一个sheet

ws1["A1"]=123.11
ws1["B2"]="光荣之路"
d = ws1.cell(row=4, column=2, value=10)

print ws1[
"A1"].value
print ws1[
"B2"].value
print d.value


# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

 

5、     操作批量的单元格

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook
wb = Workbook()

ws1 = wb.create_sheet(
"Mysheet")           #创建一个sheet

ws1["A1"]=1
ws1["A2"]=2
ws1["A3"]=3

ws1["B1"]=4
ws1["B2"]=5
ws1["B3"]=6

ws1["C1"]=7
ws1["C2"]=8
ws1["C3"]=9

#操作单列
print ws1["A"]
for cell in ws1[
"A"]:
   
print cell.value

#操作多列,获取每一个值
print ws1["A:C"]
for column in ws1[
"A:C"]:
   
for cell in column:
        print
cell.value

#操作多行
row_range = ws1[1:3]
print row_range
for row in row_range:
   
for cell in row:
        print
cell.value

print "*"*50
for row in ws1.iter_rows(min_row=1, min_col=1, max_col=3, max_row=3):
   
for cell in row:
        print
cell.value

#获取所有行
print ws1.rows
for row in ws1.rows:
   
print row

print "*"*50
#获取所有列
print ws1.columns
for col in ws1.columns:
   
print col

# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

 

使用百分数

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl import load_workbook
wb = load_workbook(
'e:\\sample.xlsx')
wb.guess_types =
True
ws=wb.active
ws[
"D1"]="12%"
print ws["D1"].value

# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

#结果会打印小数

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl import load_workbook
wb = load_workbook(
'e:\\sample.xlsx')
wb.guess_types =
False
ws=wb.active
ws[
"D1"]="12%"
print ws["D1"].value

# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

#结果会打印百分数

 

获取所有的行对象:

#coding=utf-8

from openpyxl import Workbook

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')

ws=wb.active

rows=[]

for row in ws.iter_rows():

           rows.append(row)

 

print rows                                          #所有行

print rows[0]                                         #获取第一行

print rows[0][0]                                    #获取第一行第一列的单元格对象

print rows[0][0].value                                  #获取第一行第一列的单元格对象的值

 

 

 

print rows[len(rows)-1]                               #获取最后行

print rows[len(rows)-1][len(rows[0])-1]            #获取第后一行和最后一列的单元格对象

printrows[len(rows)-1][len(rows[0])-1].value #获取第后一行和最后一列的单元格对象的值

获取所有的列对象:

#coding=utf-8

from openpyxl import Workbook

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')

ws=wb.active

cols=[]

cols = []

for col in ws.iter_cols():

   cols.append(col)

 

print cols                                            #所有列

print cols[0]                                        #获取第一列

print cols[0][0]                                   #获取第一列的第一行的单元格对象

print cols[0][0].value                        #获取第一列的第一行的值

 

print "*"*30

print cols[len(cols)-1]                       #获取最后一列

printcols[len(cols)-1][len(cols[0])-1]      #获取最后一列的最后一行的单元格对象

printcols[len(cols)-1][len(cols[0])-1].value    #获取最后一列的最后一行的单元格对象的值

6、     操作已经存在的文件

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl import load_workbook
wb = load_workbook(
'e:\\sample.xlsx')
wb.guess_types =
True   #猜测格式类型
ws=wb.active
ws[
"D1"]="12%"
print ws["D1"].value

# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

#注意如果原文件有一些图片或者图标,则保存的时候可能会导致图片丢失

7、     单元格类型

8、    #-*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl import load_workbook
import datetime
wb = load_workbook(
'e:\\sample.xlsx')

ws=wb.active
wb.guess_types =
True

ws["A1"]=datetime.datetime(2010, 7, 21)
print ws[
"A1"].number_format

ws[
"A2"]="12%"
print ws["A2"].number_format

ws[
"A3"]= 1.1
print ws["A4"].number_format

ws[
"A4"]= "中国"
print ws["A5"].number_format
# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

执行结果:

yyyy-mm-ddh:mm:ss

0%

General

General

#如果是常规,显示general,如果是数字,显示'0.00_ ',如果是百分数显示0%

8、      使用公式

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook(
'e:\\sample.xlsx')

ws1=wb.active

ws1[
"A1"]=1
ws1["A2"]=2
ws1["A3"]=3

ws1["A4"] = "=SUM(1, 1)"
ws1["A5"] = "=SUM(A1:A3)"

print ws1["A4"].value  #打印的是公式内容,不是公式计算后的值,程序无法取到计算后的值
print ws1["A5"].value  #打印的是公式内容,不是公式计算后的值,程序无法取到计算后的值

# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

 

9、      合并单元格

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook(
'e:\\sample.xlsx')

ws1=wb.active

from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook

wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active

ws.merge_cells(
'A2:D2')
ws.unmerge_cells(
'A2:D2')

# or equivalently
ws.merge_cells(start_row=2,start_column=1,end_row=2,end_column=4)
ws.unmerge_cells(
start_row=2,start_column=1,end_row=2,end_column=4)


# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

 

10、插入一个图片

需要先安装Pilow,安全文件是:PIL-fork-1.1.7.win-amd64-py2.7.exe

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl.drawing.image import Image

wb = load_workbook(
'e:\\sample.xlsx')

ws1=wb.active

img = Image(
'e:\\1.png')
ws1.add_image(img,
'A1')


# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

11、 隐藏单元格

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl.drawing.image import Image

wb = load_workbook(
'e:\\sample.xlsx')

ws1=wb.active

ws1.column_dimensions.group(
'A', 'D', hidden=True)   #隐藏a到d列范围内的列

# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

12、 画一个柱状图

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.chart import BarChart, Reference, Series

wb = load_workbook(
'e:\\sample.xlsx')

ws1=wb.active

wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
for i in
range(10):
   
ws.append([i])


values = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=1, max_col=1, max_row=10)
chart = BarChart()
chart.add_data(values)
ws.add_chart(chart,
"E15")

# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

13、 画一个饼图

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl import Workbook


from openpyxl.chart import (
   
PieChart,
    ProjectedPieChart,
    Reference
)
from openpyxl.chart.series import DataPoint

data = [
    ['Pie', 'Sold'],
   
['Apple', 50],
   
['Cherry', 30],
   
['Pumpkin', 10],
   
['Chocolate', 40],
]

wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active

for row in data:
   
ws.append(row)

pie = PieChart()
labels = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=2, max_row=5)
data = Reference(ws,
min_col=2, min_row=1, max_row=5)
pie.add_data(data,
titles_from_data=True)
pie.set_categories(labels)
pie.title =
"Pies sold by category"

# Cut the first slice out of the pie
slice = DataPoint(idx=0, explosion=20)
pie.series[
0].data_points = [slice]

ws.add_chart(pie,
"D1")


ws = wb.create_sheet(
title="Projection")

data = [
   
['Page', 'Views'],
   
['Search', 95],
   
['Products', 4],
   
['Offers', 0.5],
   
['Sales', 0.5],
]

for row in data:
   
ws.append(row)

projected_pie = ProjectedPieChart()
projected_pie.type = "pie"
projected_pie.splitType = "val"# split by value
labels = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=2, max_row=5)
data = Reference(ws,
min_col=2, min_row=1, max_row=5)
projected_pie.add_data(data,
titles_from_data=True)
projected_pie.set_categories(labels)

ws.add_chart(projected_pie,
"A10")

from copy import deepcopy
projected_bar = deepcopy(projected_pie)
projected_bar.type =
"bar"
projected_bar.splitType = 'pos'# split by position

ws.add_chart(projected_bar, "A27")

# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

14、 设定一个表格区域,并设定表格的格式

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.worksheet.table import Table, TableStyleInfo

wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active

data = [
   
['Apples', 10000, 5000, 8000, 6000],
   
['Pears',   2000, 3000, 4000, 5000],
   
['Bananas', 6000, 6000, 6500, 6000],
   
['Oranges'500300200700],
]

# add column headings. NB. these must bestrings
ws.append(["Fruit", "2011", "2012", "2013", "2014"])
for row in data:
   
ws.append(row)

tab = Table(displayName="Table1", ref="A1:E5")

# Add a default style with striped rowsand banded columns
style = TableStyleInfo(name="TableStyleMedium9", showFirstColumn=True,
                      
showLastColumn=True, showRowStripes=True, showColumnStripes=True)
tab.tableStyleInfo = style
ws.add_table(tab)

# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

15、给单元格设定字体颜色

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import colors
from openpyxl.styles import Font


wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active

a1 = ws['A1']
d4 = ws['D4']
ft = Font(color=colors.RED)  # color="FFBB00",颜色编码也可以设定颜色
a1.font = ft
d4.font = ft

# If you want to change the color of a Font, you need to reassign it::

a1.font = Font(color=colors.RED, italic=True) # the change only affects A1
a1.value = "abc"

# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

 

16、设定字体和大小

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import colors
from openpyxl.styles import Font


wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active

a1 = ws[
'A1']
d4 = ws[
'D4']
a1.value =
"abc"

from openpyxl.styles import Font
from copy import copy

ft1 = Font(
name=u'宋体', size=14)
ft2 = copy(ft1)  
#复制字体对象
ft2.name = "Tahoma"

print ft1.name

print ft2.name

print ft2.size
#copied from the

a1.font = ft1
# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

 

17、设定行和列的字体

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active

col = ws.column_dimensions[
'A']
col.font = Font(
bold=True)   #将A列设定为粗体
row = ws.row_dimensions[1]
row.font = Font(
underline="single"#将第一行设定为下划线格式


# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

 

18、设定单元格的边框、字体、颜色、大小和边框背景色

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font
from openpyxl.styles import NamedStyle, Font, Border,Side,PatternFill

wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active

highlight = NamedStyle(
name="highlight")
highlight.font = Font(
bold=True, size=20,color= "ff0100")
highlight.fill = PatternFill(
"solid", fgColor="DDDDDD")
bd = Side(
style='thick', color="000000")
highlight.border = Border(
left=bd, top=bd, right=bd, bottom=bd)

print
dir(ws["A1"])
ws[
"A1"].style =highlight

# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

 

19、常用的样式和属性设置

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font
from openpyxl.styles import NamedStyle, Font, Border, Side,PatternFill
from openpyxl.styles import PatternFill, Border, Side, Alignment,Protection, Font

wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active

ft = Font(
name=u'微软雅黑',
   
size=11,
   
bold=False,
   
italic=False,
   
vertAlign=None,
   
underline='none',
   
strike=False,
   
color='FF000000')

fill = PatternFill(
fill_type="solid",
   
start_color='FFEEFFFF',
   
end_color='FF001100')

#边框可以选择的值为:'hair', 'medium', 'dashDot', 'dotted','mediumDashDot', 'dashed', 'mediumDashed', 'mediumDashDotDot', 'dashDotDot', 'slantDashDot','double', 'thick', 'thin']
#diagonal
表示对角线
bd = Border(left=Side(border_style="thin",
             
color='FF001000'),
   
right=Side(border_style="thin",
              
color='FF110000'),
   
top=Side(border_style="thin",
            
color='FF110000'),
   
bottom=Side(border_style="thin",
               
color='FF110000'),
   
diagonal=Side(border_style=None,
                 
color='FF000000'),
   
diagonal_direction=0,
   
outline=Side(border_style=None,
                
color='FF000000'),
   
vertical=Side(border_style=None,
                 
color='FF000000'),
   
horizontal=Side(border_style=None,
                  
color='FF110000')
               
)

alignment=Alignment(horizontal='general',
       
vertical='bottom',
    
   text_rotation=0,
       
wrap_text=False,
       
shrink_to_fit=False,
       
indent=0)

number_format =
'General'

protection = Protection(locked=True,
           
hidden=False)

ws[
"B5"].font = ft
ws[
"B5"].fill =fill
ws[
"B5"].border = bd
ws[
"B5"].alignment = alignment
ws[
"B5"].number_format = number_format

ws[
"B5"].value ="glory road"

# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")


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