Java 立即对类进行初始化的情况

将 Class 文件加载到 JVM 内存，整个生命周期：加载、连接（验证、准备、解析）、初始化、使用、连接

其中，解析阶段，某些情况，可在初始化之后开始

在初始化阶段，发生以下情况，会立即对类进行初始化

1 new、访问 static 方法、字段

new

class Son {
    static {
        System.out.println("Son.static initializer");
    }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Son();
    }
}

Son.static initializer

访问 static 字段

class Son {
    static int age = 10;
    static {
        System.out.println("Son.static initializer");
    }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(Son.age);
    }
}

Son.static initializer
10

访问 static 方法

class Son {
    static {
        System.out.println("Son.static initializer");
    }
    static void eat(){
        System.out.println("Son.eat");
    }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Son.eat();
    }
}

Son.static initializer
Son.eat

2 反射

Class.forName

class Son {
    static {
        System.out.println("Son.static initializer");
    }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        Class.forName("cn.zhang.Son");
    }
}

Son.static initializer

Son.class

class Son {
    static {
        System.out.println("Son.static initializer");
    }
}

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws  InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
        Son.class.newInstance();
    }
}

Son.static initializer

3 初始化类时：Main、Father、Son

class Father {
    static {
        System.out.println("Father.static initializer");
    }
}
class Son extends Father {
    static {
        System.out.println("Son.static initializer");
    }
}
public class Main {
    static {
        System.out.println("Main.static initializer");
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
        new Son();
    }
}

Main.static initializer
Father.static initializer
Son.static initializer

4 代理

interface Foo {
    void dothings();
}
class FooImpl implements Foo {
    static {
        System.out.println("FooImpl.static initializer");
    }
    public void dothings() {
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Proxy.newProxyInstance(
            Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader(),
            FooImpl.class.getInterfaces(),
            (proxy, method, args1) -> method.invoke(new FooImpl(), args1));
    }
}

FooImpl.static initializer

不会触发初始化的情况

子类引用父类静态字段

class Father {
    static {
        System.out.println("Father.static initializer");
    }
    static int age = 30;
}
class Son extends Father {
    static {
        System.out.println("Son.static initializer");
    }
}
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(Son.age);
    }
}

Father.static initializer
30

new 数组

class Son {
    static {
        System.out.println("Son.static initializer");
    }
}
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Son[] sons = new Son[10];
    }
}

什么都不打印

常量传播优化

常量引用 -> 自身常量池引用

class Son {
    static {
        System.out.println("Son.static initializer");
    }
    static final int age = 30;  
}
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(Son.age);
    }
}

30

参考

• 深入理解JVM虚拟机 第7章