Python Flask接口开发

一、操作步骤

1. 导入：import flask,json
2. 实例化：api = flask.Flask(__name__)
3. 定义接口访问路径及访问方式：@api.route('/index',methods=['get/post/PUT/DELETE'])
4. 定义函数，注意需与路径的名称一致，设置返回类型并支持中文：def index(): return json.dumps(ren,ensure_ascii=False)
5. 三种格式入参访问接口：
5.1 url格式入参：flask.request.args.get('id')
5.2 form-data格式入参：pwd = flask.request.values.get('pwd')
5.3 josn格式入参：pwd = flask.request.json.get('pwd')
6. 启动服务：api.run(port=8888,debug=True,host='127.0.0.1')，开启服务之后，就可以通过ip+端口+路径+入参访问接口

二、源码举例

#!/usr/bin/python3
# encoding:utf-8
import flask,json
# 实例化api，把当前这个python文件当作一个服务，__name__代表当前这个python文件
api = flask.Flask(__name__) 
 
# 'index'是接口路径，methods不写，默认get请求     
@api.route('/index',methods=['get']) 
# get方式访问
def index():
  ren = {'msg':'成功访问首页','msg_code':200}
  #json.dumps 序列化时对中文默认使用的ascii编码.想输出中文需要指定ensure_ascii=False
  return json.dumps(ren,ensure_ascii=False)
 
#post入参访问方式一：url格式参数
@api.route('/article',methods=['post']) 
def article():
  #url格式参数?id=12589&name='lishi'
  id = flask.request.args.get('id')
   
  if id:
    if id == '12589':
      ren = {'msg':'成功访问文章','msg_code':200}
    else:
      ren = {'msg':'找不到文章','msg_code':400}
  else:
    ren = {'msg':'请输入文章id参数','msg_code':-1}
  return json.dumps(ren,ensure_ascii=False)
 
#post入参访问方式二：from-data（k-v）格式参数
@api.route('/login',methods=['post'])
def login():
  #from-data格式参数
  usrname = flask.request.values.get('usrname')
  pwd = flask.request.values.get('pwd')
   
  if usrname and pwd:
    if usrname =='test' and pwd =='123456':
      ren = {'msg':'登录成功','msg_code':200}
    else:
      ren = {'msg':'用户名或密码错误','msg_code':-1}
  else:
    ren = {'msg':'用户名或密码为空','msg_code':1001}
  return json.dumps(ren,ensure_ascii=False)
 
#post入参访问方式二：josn格式参数  
@api.route('/loginjosn',methods=['post'])
def loginjosn():
  #from-data格式参数
  usrname = flask.request.json.get('usrname')
  pwd = flask.request.json.get('pwd')
   
  if usrname and pwd:
    if usrname =='test' and pwd =='123456':
      ren = {'msg':'登录成功','msg_code':200}
    else:
      ren = {'msg':'用户名或密码错误','msg_code':-1}
  else:
    ren = {'msg':'用户名或密码为空','msg_code':1001}
  return json.dumps(ren,ensure_ascii=False)
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
  api.run(port=8888,debug=True,host='127.0.0.1') # 启动服务
  # debug=True,改了代码后，不用重启，它会自动重启
  # 'host='127.0.0.1'别IP访问地址

运行结果

* Serving Flask app "restful" (lazy loading)
* Environment: production
WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production deployment.
Use a production WSGI server instead.
* Debug mode: on
* Restarting with stat
* Debugger is active!
* Debugger PIN: 249-915-285
* Running on http://127.0.0.1:8888/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)

三、postman访问接口

get方式，无参数访问接口

post方式，url格式入参访问接口

post方式，form-data格式入参访问接口

post方式，josn格式入参访问接口