【JetPack】ViewModelSavedState：即使进程在后台被系统杀死数据也能存活

版本1：无法实现数据保存

MainActivity.java

package com.dj.viewmodelsavedstate;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.databinding.DataBindingUtil;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelProvider;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelProviders;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.PersistableBundle;

import com.dj.viewmodelsavedstate.databinding.ActivityMainBinding;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    ActivityMainBinding binding;
    MyViewModel myViewModel;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_main);
        myViewModel = ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(MyViewModel.class);
        binding.setData(myViewModel);
        binding.setLifecycleOwner(this);
    }
}

activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<layout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">

    <data>
        <variable
            name="data"
            type="com.dj.viewmodelsavedstate.MyViewModel" />
    </data>

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
        android:id="@+id/bt1"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        tools:context=".MainActivity">

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/button"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_marginTop="4dp"
            android:text="Button"
            android:onClick="@{()->data.add()}"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/guideline3"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/guideline"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/guideline"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/guideline3" />

        <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
            android:id="@+id/guideline"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:orientation="vertical"
            app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.5" />

        <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
            android:id="@+id/guideline2"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:orientation="horizontal"
            app:layout_constraintGuide_begin="20dp"
            app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.4" />

        <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
            android:id="@+id/guideline3"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:orientation="horizontal"
            app:layout_constraintGuide_begin="20dp"
            app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.6" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/textView"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@{String.valueOf(data.getNumber())}"
            app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/guideline2"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/guideline"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/guideline"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/guideline2" />

    </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
</layout>

MyViewModel.java

package com.dj.viewmodelsavedstate;

import androidx.lifecycle.MutableLiveData;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel;

public class MyViewModel extends ViewModel {
    private MutableLiveData<Integer> number;

    public MutableLiveData<Integer> getNumber() {
        if(number ==null){
            number = new MutableLiveData<>();
            number.setValue(0);
        }
        return number;
    }

    public void add(){
        number.setValue(number.getValue()+1);
    }
}

build.gradle(:app)

plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
}

android {
    compileSdkVersion 30
    buildToolsVersion "30.0.2"

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.dj.viewmodelsavedstate"
        minSdkVersion 21
        targetSdkVersion 30
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"

        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    }

	添加dataBinding依赖：
    buildFeatures{
        dataBinding true
    }
}

dependencies {

    implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.1.0'
    implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.1.0'
    implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:1.1.3'
    implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-extensions:2.2.0'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.+'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.1'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.2.0'
}

版本2：通过onSaveInstanceState实现数据保存

MainActivity.java中添加

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    ActivityMainBinding binding;
    MyViewModel myViewModel;
    public final static String KEY_NUMBER = "my_number";

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_main);
        myViewModel = ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(MyViewModel.class);

        // 添加2：取回保存的内容
        if(savedInstanceState != null){
            myViewModel.getNumber().setValue(savedInstanceState.getInt(KEY_NUMBER));
        }

        binding.setData(myViewModel);
        binding.setLifecycleOwner(this);
    }

	// 添加1：保存内容
    @Override
    protected void onSaveInstanceState(@NonNull Bundle outState) {
        super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
        outState.putInt(KEY_NUMBER, myViewModel.getNumber().getValue());
    }
}

版本3：通过lifecycle实现数据保存

（1）在build.gradle(:app)中添加依赖：

dependencies {
    ...
    implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-viewmodel-savedstate:2.2.0'
}

（2）MyViewModel.java中添加保存和读取机制

public class MyViewModel extends ViewModel {
	// 定义一个变量
    private SavedStateHandle handle;
	
	// 构造函数中给handle赋值
    public MyViewModel(SavedStateHandle handle){
        this.handle = handle;
    }
	
    public MutableLiveData<Integer> getNumber() {
        if(!handle.contains(MainActivity.KEY_NUMBER)){
            handle.set(MainActivity.KEY_NUMBER, 0);
        }
        return handle.getLiveData(MainActivity.KEY_NUMBER);
    }
    public void add(){
        getNumber().setValue(getNumber().getValue()+1);
    }
}

（3）MainActivity.java中不需要再用onSaveInstanceState了

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    ActivityMainBinding binding;
    MyViewModel myViewModel;
    public final static String KEY_NUMBER = "my_number";

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this, R.layout.activity_main);
        myViewModel = ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(MyViewModel.class);
        binding.setData(myViewModel);
        binding.setLifecycleOwner(this);
    }
}