JAVA之RSA非对称秘钥

package com.alex.examples.utils.rsa;

import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.security.*;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * RSA非对称秘钥
 */
public class RSAUtilTest {

    public static final String CHARSET = "UTF-8";
    public static final String RSA_ALGORITHM = "RSA";

    /**
     * 生成公钥和私钥
     *
     * @param keySize
     * @return
     */
    public static Map<String, String> createKeys(int keySize) {
        //为RSA算法创建一个KeyPairGenerator对象（KeyPairGenerator，密钥对生成器，用于生成公钥和私钥对）
        KeyPairGenerator kpg = null;
        try {
            kpg = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM);
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        //指定秘钥长度
        kpg.initialize(keySize); //秘钥长度最少要512

        //生成秘钥对
        KeyPair keyPair = kpg.generateKeyPair();

        //得到公钥
        PublicKey publicKey = keyPair.getPublic();
        //返回一个publicKey经过二次加密后的字符串
        //encodeBase64URLSafeString：使用Base64算法的URL安全变体对二进制数据进行编码，但不对输出进行分块。
        String publicKeyStr = Base64.encodeBase64URLSafeString(publicKey.getEncoded());

        //得到私钥
        //返回一个privateKey经过二次加密后的字符串
        //encodeBase64URLSafeString：使用Base64算法的URL安全变体对二进制数据进行编码，但不对输出进行分块。
        PrivateKey privateKey = keyPair.getPrivate();
        String privateKeyStr = Base64.encodeBase64URLSafeString(privateKey.getEncoded());

        //封装结果集
        Map<String, String> keyPairMap = new HashMap<>();
        keyPairMap.put("publicKey", publicKeyStr);
        keyPairMap.put("privateKey", privateKeyStr);

        return keyPairMap;
    }

    /**
     * 得到公钥
     *
     * @param publicKey 密钥字符串（经过base64编码）
     * @return
     */
    public static RSAPublicKey getPublicKey(String publicKey) {
        //通过X509编码的key指令获得公钥对象
        try {
            //KeyFactory：密钥工厂用于将密钥(key类型的不透明密钥)转换成密钥规范(底层密钥材料的透明表示),
            //            反之亦然,密钥工厂是双向的,对于同一个密钥可以存在多个兼容的密钥规范，
            //            一般通过静态方法getInstance()获得
            KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM);

            //根据给定的编码密钥创建一个新的 X509EncodedKeySpec
            X509EncodedKeySpec x509EncodedKeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(Base64.decodeBase64(publicKey));

            RSAPublicKey key = (RSAPublicKey) keyFactory.generatePublic(x509EncodedKeySpec);
            return key;
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | InvalidKeySpecException e) {
            System.out.println("base64编码=" + publicKey + "转RSA公钥失败");
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 得到私钥
     *
     * @param privateKey 密钥字符串（经过base64编码）
     * @return
     */
    public static RSAPrivateKey getPrivateKey(String privateKey) {
        //通过PKCS#8编码的Key指令获得私钥对象
        try {
            KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM);
            PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(Base64.decodeBase64(privateKey));
            RSAPrivateKey key = (RSAPrivateKey) keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);
            return key;
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | InvalidKeySpecException e) {
            System.out.println("base64编码=" + privateKey + "转RSA私钥失败");
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 公钥加密
     *
     * @param data
     * @param publicKey
     * @return
     */
    public static String publicEncrypt(String data, RSAPublicKey publicKey) {
        try {
            //创建Cipher对象，调用Cipher的getInstance方法并将所请求转换的名称传递给它
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM);

            //初始化("加密模式或者解密模式","密匙")
            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);

            //encodeBase64URLSafeString：使用Base64算法的URL安全变体对二进制数据进行编码，但不对输出进行分块。
            String publicEncrypt = Base64.encodeBase64URLSafeString(
                    rsaSplitCodec(cipher
                            , Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE //加密模式
                            , data.getBytes(CHARSET)
                            , publicKey.getModulus().bitLength())
            );

            return publicEncrypt;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("加密字符串[" + data + "]时遇到异常", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 私钥解密
     *
     * @param data
     * @param privateKey
     * @return
     */

    public static String privateDecrypt(String data, RSAPrivateKey privateKey) {
        try {
            //创建Cipher对象，调用Cipher的getInstance方法并将所请求转换的名称传递给它
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM);

            //初始化("加密模式或者解密模式","密匙")
            cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);

            String privateDecrypt = new String(
                    rsaSplitCodec(cipher
                            , Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE //解密模式
                            , Base64.decodeBase64(data)
                            , privateKey.getModulus().bitLength())
                    , CHARSET);

            return privateDecrypt;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("解密字符串[" + data + "]时遇到异常", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 私钥加密
     *
     * @param data
     * @param privateKey
     * @return
     */

    public static String privateEncrypt(String data, RSAPrivateKey privateKey) {
        try {
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM);
            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
            return Base64.encodeBase64URLSafeString(rsaSplitCodec(cipher, Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, data.getBytes(CHARSET), privateKey.getModulus().bitLength()));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("加密字符串[" + data + "]时遇到异常", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 公钥解密
     *
     * @param data
     * @param publicKey
     * @return
     */

    public static String publicDecrypt(String data, RSAPublicKey publicKey) {
        try {
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM);
            cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
            return new String(rsaSplitCodec(cipher, Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, Base64.decodeBase64(data), publicKey.getModulus().bitLength()), CHARSET);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("解密字符串[" + data + "]时遇到异常", e);
        }
    }

    private static byte[] rsaSplitCodec(Cipher cipher, int opmode, byte[] datas, int keySize) {
        int maxBlock;
        if (opmode == Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE) {
            maxBlock = keySize / 8;
        } else {
            maxBlock = keySize / 8 - 11;
        }
        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        int offSet = 0;
        byte[] buff;
        int i = 0;
        try {
            while (datas.length > offSet) {
                if (datas.length - offSet > maxBlock) {
                    buff = cipher.doFinal(datas, offSet, maxBlock);
                } else {
                    buff = cipher.doFinal(datas, offSet, datas.length - offSet);
                }
                out.write(buff, 0, buff.length);
                i++;
                offSet = i * maxBlock;
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("加解密阀值为[" + maxBlock + "]的数据时发生异常", e);
        }
        byte[] resultDatas = out.toByteArray();
        IOUtils.closeQuietly(out);
        return resultDatas;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Map<String, String> keyMap = createKeys(1024);
        String publicKey = keyMap.get("publicKey");
        String privateKey = keyMap.get("privateKey");
        System.out.println("公钥：" + publicKey);
        System.out.println("私钥：" + privateKey);
        System.out.println("----------------------------------------------------------------------------");

        String str = "中国万岁";
        System.out.println("明文：" + str);
        System.out.println("明文大小：" + str.getBytes().length);

        // TODO: 2022/10/17 公钥加密——私钥解密
        System.out.println("----------------------------------------------------------------------------");
        String encodedData = RSAUtilTest.publicEncrypt(str, RSAUtilTest.getPublicKey(publicKey));
        System.out.println("公钥加密：" + encodedData);

        String decodedData = RSAUtilTest.privateDecrypt(encodedData, RSAUtilTest.getPrivateKey(privateKey));
        System.out.println("私钥解密：" + decodedData);
        System.out.println("----------------------------------------------------------------------------");

        // TODO: 2022/10/17 私钥加密——公钥解密
        String a = RSAUtilTest.privateEncrypt(str, RSAUtilTest.getPrivateKey(privateKey));
        System.out.println("私钥加密：" + a);
        String b = RSAUtilTest.publicDecrypt(a, RSAUtilTest.getPublicKey(publicKey));
        System.out.println("公钥解密：" + b);
        System.out.println("----------------------------------------------------------------------------");
    }
}