C++运算符重载

运算符重载的格式如下：

operator op(argument-list)

其中op必须是有效的C++运算符，不能虚构一个新的符号

mytime0.h

#pragma once
class Time
{
public:
	Time();
	Time(int h, int m = 0);
	void AddMin(int m);
	void AddHr(int h);
	void Reset(int h = 0, int m = 0);
	Time Sum(const Time & t) const; //const 加在函数的后边表示不会改变传入的参数
	void Show() const;

private:
	int hours;
	int minutes;

};

mytime0.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "mytime0.h"

Time::Time()
{
	hours = minutes = 0;
}

Time::Time(int h, int m)
{
	hours = h;
	minutes = m;
}

void Time::AddMin(int m)
{
	minutes += m;
	hours += minutes / 60;
	minutes %= 60;
}

void Time::AddHr(int h)
{
	hours += h;
}

void Time::Reset(int h, int m)
{
	hours = h;
	minutes = m;
}

Time Time::Sum(const Time & t) const
{
	Time sum;
	sum.minutes = minutes + t.minutes;
	sum.hours = hours + t.hours + sum.minutes / 60;
	sum.minutes %= 60;
	return sum;
}

void Time::Show() const
{
	std::cout << hours << " hours, " << minutes << " minutes";
}

usetime0.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "mytime0.h"

int main()
{
	using std::cout;
	using std::endl;

	Time planning;
	Time coding(2, 40);
	Time fixing(5, 55);
	Time total;

	cout << "planning time = ";
	planning.Show();
	cout << endl;

	cout << "coding time = ";
	coding.Show();
	cout << endl;

	cout << "fixing time = ";
	fixing.Show();
	cout << endl;

	total = coding.Sum(fixing);
	cout << "coding.Sum(fixing) = ";
	total.Show();
	cout << endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

运行结果图

添加加法运算符

将Time类转换为重载的加法运算符很容易，只要将Sum()的名称改为operator +()即可。

mytime1.h

#pragma once
class Time
{
public:
	Time();
	Time(int h, int m = 0);
	void AddMin(int m);
	void AddHr(int h);
	void Reset(int h = 0, int m = 0);
	Time operator+(const Time & t) const; //const 加在函数的后边表示不会改变传入的参数
	void Show() const;

private:
	int hours;
	int minutes;

};

mytime1.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "mytime0.h"

Time::Time()
{
	hours = minutes = 0;
}

Time::Time(int h, int m)
{
	hours = h;
	minutes = m;
}

void Time::AddMin(int m)
{
	minutes += m;
	hours += minutes / 60;
	minutes %= 60;
}

void Time::AddHr(int h)
{
	hours += h;
}

void Time::Reset(int h, int m)
{
	hours = h;
	minutes = m;
}

Time Time::operator+(const Time & t) const
{
	Time sum;
	sum.minutes = minutes + t.minutes;
	sum.hours = hours + t.hours + sum.minutes / 60;
	sum.minutes %= 60;
	return sum;
}

void Time::Show() const
{
	std::cout << hours << " hours, " << minutes << " minutes";
}

usetime1.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "mytime0.h"

int main()
{
	using std::cout;
	using std::endl;

	Time planning;
	Time coding(2, 40);
	Time fixing(5, 55);
	Time total;

	cout << "planning time = ";
	planning.Show();
	cout << endl;

	cout << "coding time = ";
	coding.Show();
	cout << endl;

	cout << "fixing time = ";
	fixing.Show();
	cout << endl;

	total = coding + fixing;
	cout << "coding + fixing = ";
	total.Show();
	cout << endl;

	Time morefixing(3, 28);
	cout << "more fixing time = ";
	morefixing.Show();
	cout << endl;
	total = morefixing.operator+(total);
	cout << "morefixing.operator+(total) = ";
	total.Show();
	cout << endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

运行结果图

总之，operator+()函数的名称可以是的可以使用函数表示法或运算符表示法来调用它，编译器将根据操作数的类型来确定如何做：

int a, b, c;
Time A, B, C;
c = a + b;          //use int additon
C = A + B;          //use addition as defined for Time objects

不能重载下面的运算符：

• sizeof sizeof运算符
• . 成员运算符
• .* 成员指针运算符
• :: 作用域解析运算符
• ?: 条件运算符
• typeid 一个RTTI运算符
• const_cast 强制类型转换运算符
• dynamic_cast 强制类型转换运算符
• reinterpret_cast 强制类型转换运算符
• static_cast 强制类型转换运算符

可重载的运算符

+	-	*	/	%	^
&	|	~=	!	=	<
>	+=	-=	*=	/=	%=
^=	&=	|=	<<	>>	>>=
<<=	==	!=	<=	>=	&&
||	++	–	,	->*	->
()	[]	new	delete	new[]	delete[]

上表中的大多数运算符都可以通过成员或非成员函数进行重载，但下面的运算符只能通过成员函数来进行重载：

• = 赋值运算符
• () 函数调用运算符
• [] 下标运算符
• -> 通过指针访问类成员的运算符

其他重载运算符

还有一些其他的操作对Time类来说是有意义的。例如，可能要将两个时间相减或将时间乘以一个因子，这需要重载减法和乘法运算符。这和重载加法运算符采用的技术相同，即创建operator-()和operator*()方法。也就是说，将下面的原型添加到类的声明中：

Time operator-(const Time & t) const;
Time operator*(double n) const;

mytime2.h

#pragma once
class Time
{
public:
	Time();
	Time(int h, int m = 0);
	void AddMin(int m);
	void AddHr(int h);
	void Reset(int h = 0, int m = 0);
	Time operator+(const Time & t) const; //const 加在函数的后边表示不会改变传入的参数
	Time operator-(const Time & t) const;
	Time operator*(double n) const;
	void Show() const;

private:
	int hours;
	int minutes;

};

mytime2.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "mytime0.h"

Time::Time()
{
	hours = minutes = 0;
}

Time::Time(int h, int m)
{
	hours = h;
	minutes = m;
}

void Time::AddMin(int m)
{
	minutes += m;
	hours += minutes / 60;
	minutes %= 60;
}

void Time::AddHr(int h)
{
	hours += h;
}

void Time::Reset(int h, int m)
{
	hours = h;
	minutes = m;
}

Time Time::operator+(const Time & t) const
{
	Time sum;
	sum.minutes = minutes + t.minutes;
	sum.hours = hours + t.hours + sum.minutes / 60;
	sum.minutes %= 60;
	return sum;
}

Time Time::operator-(const Time & t)const
{
	Time sub;
	sub.minutes = minutes - t.minutes;
	if (sub.minutes < 0)
	{
		sub.minutes += 60;
		sub.hours = hours - t.hours - 1;
	}
	else
	{
		sub.hours = hours - t.hours;
	}
	return sub;
}

Time Time::operator*(double n) const
{
	Time result;
	long totalminutes = hours * n * 60 + minutes * n;
	result.hours = totalminutes / 60;
	result.minutes = totalminutes % 60;
	return result;

}

void Time::Show() const
{
	std::cout << hours << " hours, " << minutes << " minutes";
}

usetime2.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "mytime0.h"

int main()
{
	using std::cout;
	using std::endl;

	Time weeding(4, 35);
	Time waxing(2, 47);
	Time total;
	Time diff;
	Time adjusted;

	cout << "weeding time = ";
	weeding.Show();
	cout << endl;

	cout << "waxing time = ";
	waxing.Show();
	cout << endl;

	cout << "total work time = ";
	total = weeding + waxing;
	total.Show();
	cout << endl;

	diff = weeding - waxing;
	cout << "weeding time - waxing time = ";
	diff.Show();
	cout << endl;

	adjusted = total * 1.5;
	cout << "adjusted work time = ";
	adjusted.Show();
	cout << endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

运行结果图