Android IntentService

1 Service和IntentService的区别

• Service是运行在主线程，不能在Service进行耗时操作否则会有ANR；IntentService内部开启了一个线程，可以执行耗时操作

• Service需要手动关闭服务；IntentService在执行完成后会自动关闭服务

• IntentService继承自Service，拥有和Service相同的生命周期

2 IntentService详解

IntentService特点：

• 它创建了一个独立的工作线程来处理所有的通过 onStartCommand() 传递给服务的Intent

• 创建了一个工作队列，来逐个发送Intent给 onHandleIntent()

• 不需要主动调用 stopSelf() 结束服务。在所有的Intent被处理完后，系统会自动关闭服务

• 默认实现的 onBind() 返回null

• 默认实现的 onStartCommand() 的目的是将Intent插入到工作队列中

继承IntentService需要实现两个函数：构造函数和 onHandleIntent() 函数。

注意：要覆盖IntentService的其他函数时，要通过super调用父类的对应的函数。

IntentService源码概括：

调用 onCreate() 时创建HandlerThread -> 调用 onStart(Intent inent, int startId) 时发送Intent -> onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) 时内部调用了 onStart() 将接收到的Intent发送 -> Handler的 handleMessage() 调用 onHandleIntent(intent) 提供给子类，通过startId作为停止服务标志 stopSelf(startId)

IntentService源码：

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package android.app;

import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.HandlerThread;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.os.Message;


public abstract class IntentService extends Service {
    private volatile Looper mServiceLooper;
    private volatile ServiceHandler mServiceHandler;
    private String mName;
    private boolean mRedelivery;

    private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler {
        public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) {
            super(looper);
        }

        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj);
            stopSelf(msg.arg1);
        }
    }


    public IntentService(String name) {
        super();
        mName = name;
    }


    public void setIntentRedelivery(boolean enabled) {
        mRedelivery = enabled;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
                super.onCreate();
        HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]");
        thread.start();

        mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();
        mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);
    }

    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
        Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
        msg.arg1 = startId;
        msg.obj = intent;
        mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);
    }


    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        onStart(intent, startId);
        return mRedelivery ? START_REDELIVER_INTENT : START_NOT_STICKY;
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        mServiceLooper.quit();
    }


    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return null;
    }


    protected abstract void onHandleIntent(Intent intent);
}