文章标题

include <stdio.h>

include <stdlib.h>

include <string.h>

include <unistd.h>

include <sys/time.h>

include <arpa/inet.h>

include <netdb.h>

define ICMP_SIZE (sizeof(struct icmp))

define ICMP_ECHO 8

define ICMP_ECHOREPLY 0

define BUF_SIZE 1024

define NUM 5 // 发送报文次数

define UCHAR unsigned char

define USHORT unsigned short

define UINT unsigned int

// ICMP报文数据结构
struct icmp{
UCHAR type; // 类型
UCHAR code; // 代码
USHORT checksum; // 校验和
USHORT id; // 标识符
USHORT sequence; // 序号
struct timeval timestamp; // 时间戳
};

// IP首部数据结构
struct ip{
// 主机字节序判断
#if __BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN
UCHAR hlen:4; // 首部长度
UCHAR version:4; // 版本
#endif
#if __BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN
UCHAR version:4;
UCHAR hlen:4;
#endif
UCHAR tos; // 服务类型
USHORT len; // 总长度
USHORT id; // 标识符
USHORT offset; // 标志和片偏移
UCHAR ttl; // 生存时间
UCHAR protocol; // 协议
USHORT checksum; // 校验和
struct in_addr ipsrc; // 32位源ip地址
struct in_addr ipdst; // 32位目的ip地址
};

char buf[BUF_SIZE] = {0};

USHORT checkSum(USHORT *, int); // 计算校验和
float timediff(struct timeval , struct timeval ); // 计算时间差
void pack(struct icmp *, int); // 封装一个ICMP报文
int unpack(char , int, char ); // 对接收到的IP报文进行解包

int main(int argc, char * argv[]){
struct hostent *host;
struct icmp sendicmp;
struct sockaddr_in from;
struct sockaddr_in to;
int fromlen = 0;
int sockfd;
int nsend = 0;
int nreceived = 0;
int i, n;
in_addr_t inaddr;

memset(&from, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
memset(&to, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));

if(argc < 2){
    printf("use : %s hostname/IP address \n", argv[0]);
    exit(1);
}

// 生成原始套接字
if((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP)) == -1){
    printf("socket() error \n");
    exit(1);
}

// 设置目的地址信息
to.sin_family = AF_INET;

// 判断是域名还是ip地址
if(inaddr = inet_addr(argv[1]) == INADDR_NONE){
    // 是域名
    if((host = gethostbyname(argv[1])) == NULL){
        printf("gethostbyname() error \n");
        exit(1);
    }
    to.sin_addr = *(struct in_addr *)host->h_addr_list[0];
}else{
    // 是ip地址
    to.sin_addr.s_addr = inaddr;
}

// 输出域名ip地址信息
printf("ping %s (%s) : %d bytes of data.\n", argv[1], inet_ntoa(to.sin_addr), (int)ICMP_SIZE);

//循环发送报文、接收报文 
for(i = 0; i < NUM; i++){
    nsend++;  // 发送次数加1
    memset(&sendicmp, 0, ICMP_SIZE);
    pack(&sendicmp, nsend);

    // 发送报文
    if(sendto(sockfd, &sendicmp, ICMP_SIZE, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&to, sizeof(to)) == -1){
        printf("sendto() error \n");
        continue;
    }

    // 接收报文
    if((n = recvfrom(sockfd, buf, BUF_SIZE, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&from, &fromlen)) < 0){
        printf("recvform() error \n");
        continue;
    }
    nreceived++;  // 接收次数加1
    if(unpack(buf, n, inet_ntoa(from.sin_addr)) == -1){
        printf("unpack() error \n");
    }

    sleep(1);
}

// 输出统计信息
printf("---  %s ping statistics ---\n", argv[1]);
printf("%d packets transmitted, %d received, %%%d packet loss\n", nsend, nreceived, 
        (nsend - nreceived) / nsend * 100);

return 0;

}

/**
* addr 指向需校验数据缓冲区的指针
* len 需校验数据的总长度（字节单位）
*/
USHORT checkSum(USHORT *addr, int len){
UINT sum = 0;
while(len > 1){
sum += *addr++;
len -= 2;
}

// 处理剩下的一个字节
if(len == 1){
    sum += *(UCHAR *)addr;
}

// 将32位的高16位与低16位相加
sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);
sum += (sum >> 16);

return (USHORT) ~sum;

}

/**
* 返回值单位：ms
* begin 开始时间戳
* end 结束时间戳
*/
float timediff(struct timeval *begin, struct timeval *end){
int n;
// 先计算两个时间点相差多少微秒
n = ( end->tv_sec - begin->tv_sec ) * 1000000
+ ( end->tv_usec - begin->tv_usec );

// 转化为毫秒返回
return (float) (n / 1000);

}

/**
* icmp 指向需要封装的ICMP报文结构体的指针
* sequence 该报文的序号
*/
void pack(struct icmp * icmp, int sequence){
icmp->type = ICMP_ECHO;
icmp->code = 0;
icmp->checksum = 0;
icmp->id = getpid();
icmp->sequence = sequence;
gettimeofday(&icmp->timestamp, 0);
icmp->checksum = checkSum((USHORT *)icmp, ICMP_SIZE);
}

/**
* buf 指向接收到的IP报文缓冲区的指针
* len 接收到的IP报文长度
* addr 发送ICMP报文响应的主机IP地址
*/
int unpack(char * buf, int len, char * addr){
int i, ipheadlen;
struct ip * ip;
struct icmp * icmp;
float rtt; // 记录往返时间
struct timeval end; // 记录接收报文的时间戳

ip = (struct ip *)buf;

// 计算ip首部长度，即ip首部的长度标识乘4
ipheadlen = ip->hlen << 2;

// 越过ip首部，指向ICMP报文
icmp = (struct icmp *)(buf + ipheadlen);

// ICMP报文的总长度
len -= ipheadlen;

// 如果小于ICMP报文首部长度8
if(len < 8){
printf("ICMP packets\'s length is less than 8 \n");
return -1;
}

// 确保是我们所发的ICMP ECHO回应
if(icmp->type != ICMP_ECHOREPLY ||
icmp->id != getpid()){
printf("ICMP packets are not send by us \n");
return -1;
}

// 计算往返时间
gettimeofday(&end, 0);
rtt = timediff(&icmp->timestamp, &end);

// 打印ttl，rtt，seq
printf("%d bytes from %s : icmp_seq=%u ttl=%d rtt=%fms \n",
len, addr, icmp->sequence, ip->ttl, rtt);

return 0;
}