1,@配置标注在类上,相当于把该类作为弹簧的XML配置文件中的,作用为:配置弹簧容器(应用上下文)<beans>,表明这个类是beans定义的源
从定义看,用于注解类,接口,枚举,注解的定义。
@target(ElementType.TYPE) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
package com.test.spring.support.configuration;
@Configuration
public class TestConfiguration {
public TestConfiguration(){
System.out.println("spring容器启动初始化。。。");
}
}
- 相当于:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task" xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.0.xsd" default-lazy-init="false">
</beans>
- 主方法进行测试:
package com.test.spring.support.configuration;
public class TestMain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//@Configuration注解的spring容器加载方式,用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext替换ClassPathXmlApplicationContext
ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfiguration.class);
//如果加载spring-context.xml文件:
//ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-context.xml");
}
}
- 从运行主方法结果可以看出,spring容器已经启动了:
八月 11, 2016 12:04:11 下午 org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext prepareRefresh
信息: Refreshing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@203e25d3: startup date [Thu Aug 11 12:04:11 CST 2016]; root of context hierarchy
spring容器启动初始化。。。
- 2,@Bean标注在方法上(返回某个实例的方法),等价于弹簧的XML配置文件中的
<bean>
,作用为:注册Bean对象
从定义可以看出,@Bean只能用于注解方法和注解的定义。
@Target({ElementType.METHOD,ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE}) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
用@Bean注解的方法:会实例化,配置并初始化一个新的对象,这个对象会由spring IoC容器管理。
@Bean一般和@Component或者@Configuration一起使用,但是在@Component注解的类中不能定义类内依赖的@Bean注解的方法。@配置可以。
相当于在XML文件中配置
<Bean> <bean id =“TestBean”class =“om.test.spring.support.configuration.TestBean”/> </Bean>
Bean类:
package com.test.spring.support.configuration;
public class TestBean {
public void sayHello(){
System.out.println("TestBean sayHello...");
}
public String toString(){
return "username:"+this.username+",url:"+this.url+",password:"+this.password;
}
public void start(){
System.out.println("TestBean 初始化。。。");
}
public void cleanUp(){
System.out.println("TestBean 销毁。。。");
}
}
- 配置类:
package com.test.spring.support.configuration;
@Configuration
public class TestConfiguration {
public TestConfiguration(){
System.out.println("spring容器启动初始化。。。");
}
//@Bean注解注册bean,同时可以指定初始化和销毁方法
@Bean(name="testNean",initMethod="start",destroyMethod="cleanUp")
@Scope("prototype")
public TestBean testBean() {
return new TestBean();
}
}
- 主方法测试类:
package com.test.spring.support.configuration;
public class TestMain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfiguration.class);
//获取bean
TestBean tb = context.getBean("testBean",TestBean.class);
tb.sayHello();
}
}
- 注:
(1),@ Bean注解在返回实例的方法上,如果未通过@Bean指定bean的名称,则默认类名首字母小写;
(2),@ Bean注解默认作用域为单例singleton作用域,可通过@Scope(“prototype”)设置为原型作用域;
(3),既然@Bean的作用是注册bean对象,那么完全可以使用@Component,@ Controller,@Service,@Ripository等注解注册bean,当然需要配置@ComponentScan注解进行自动扫描。
Bean类:
package com.test.spring.support.configuration;
//添加注册bean的注解
@Component
public class TestBean {
public void sayHello(){
System.out.println("TestBean sayHello...");
}
public String toString(){
return "username:"+this.username+",url:"+this.url+",password:"+this.password;
}
}
配置类:
@Configuration //添加自动扫描注解,basePackages为TestBean包路径 @ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.test.spring.support.configuration") public class TestConfiguration {
@Autowired TestBean2 testBean;//这样就能使用实体类了
public TestConfiguration(){ System.out.println("spring容器启动初始化。。。"); }
@PostConstruct public void test(){ testBean.sayHello(); } public static void main(String[] args){ AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfiguration2.class); } //取消@Bean注解注册bean的方式 //@Bean //@Scope("prototype") //public TestBean testBean() { // return new TestBean(); //} }
注意事项: @Configuration 注解的类有一下要求: 配置类不能是 final 的 配置类不能是本地化的:就是不能将 配置类 定义在 其他类 的方法内部 配置类必须有一个无参构造函数
1> 在@configuration中引入xml注解配置
@Configuration @ImportResource("classpath:config.xml") public class StoreConfig { @Value("${jdbc.url}") private String url; @Value("${jdbc.username}") private String username; @Value("${jdbc.password}") private String password; @Bean public MyDriverManager myDriverManager(){ return new MyDriverManager(url,username,password); } }
@ImportResource("")是获得xml文件,但在xml文件中又加载了config.properties配置文件,
所以也就间接的加载了config.properties配置文件
或者使用注解@PropertySource直接加载配置文件@PropertySource(value={"classpath:/person.properties"})
2>注解配置引入其他的注解配置 @Configuration @Import(WebSocketConfig.class) public class WebConfig { @Autowired WebSocketConfig webSocketConfig; }
@EnableConfigurationProperties 注解: 使使用 @ConfigurationProperties 注解的类生效(交给spring管理), @ConfigurationProperties注解类不加@Component注解,注入权交给@ConfigurationProperties修饰的类