iOS开发多线程篇 - NSOperation

一. NSOperation简介

1. 简单说明
   NSOperation的作用：配合使用NSOperation和NSOperationQueue也能实现多线程编程
   NSOperation和NSOperationQueue实现多线程的具体步骤：

   1. 先将需要执行的操作封装到一个NSOperation对象中
   2. 然后将NSOperation对象添加到NSOperationQueue中
   3. 系统会自动将NSOPerationQueue中的NSOperation取出来
   4. 将取出的NSOperation封装的操作放到一条新线程中执行

2.NSoperation的子类
- NSOperation是个抽象类，并不具备封装操作的能力，必须使用它的子类
- 使用NSOperation子类的方式有三种

• NSInvocationOperation
  
  • NSBlockOperation
  • 自定义子类继承NSOperation,实现内部相应的方法

二.具体说明

1.NSInvocationOperation子类
创建对象和执行操作：

    NSInvocationOperation * operation = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(testTarget) object:nil];

    [operation start];

  ```
说明：一旦执行操作，就会调用`Target`的`testTarget`方法

代码示例：

//
// ViewController.m
// TestNSOperationQueue
//
// Created by taobaichi on 2017/3/21.
// Copyright © 2017年 MaChao. All rights reserved.
//

import “ViewController.h”

@interface ViewController ()

@end

@implementation ViewController

• (void)viewDidLoad {
  [super viewDidLoad];

  NSInvocationOperation * operation = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(testTarget) object:nil];

  [operation start];
  }

-(void)testTarget {

NSLog(@"-------test---%@---",[NSThread currentThread]);

}

打印结果：

2017-03-21 11:16:05.385 TestNSOperationQueue[3648:99757] ——-test—{number = 1, name = main}—

> 注意：操作对象默认在主线程中执行，只有添加到队列中才会开启新的线程，即默认情况下，如果操作没有放到队列中queue中，都是同步执行，只有将`NSOperation`放到一个`NSOperationQueue`中，才会以异步执行

2.**`NSBlockOperation`**子类

  1.  创建对象和添加操作:

NSBlockOperation * operation = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
    //......

}];

operation addExecutionBlock:^{

    //......
};

2. 代码示例：

    -  代码1：

//
// ViewController.m
// TestNSOperationQueue
//
// Created by taobaichi on 2017/3/21.
// Copyright © 2017年 MaChao. All rights reserved.
//

import “ViewController.h”

@interface ViewController ()

@end

@implementation ViewController

• (void)viewDidLoad {
  [super viewDidLoad];

  NSBlockOperation * operation = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
  NSLog(@”NSBlockOperation——%@”,[NSThread currentThread]);

  }];

  [operation start];

}

@end

打印结果：

2017-03-21 11:37:21.540 TestNSOperationQueue[4033:113489] NSBlockOperation——{number = 1, name = main}

   -    代码2：

//
// ViewController.m
// TestNSOperationQueue
//
// Created by taobaichi on 2017/3/21.
// Copyright © 2017年 MaChao. All rights reserved.
//

import “ViewController.h”

@interface ViewController ()

@end

@implementation ViewController

• (void)viewDidLoad {
  [super viewDidLoad];

  NSBlockOperation * operation = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
  NSLog(@”NSBlockOperation——%@”,[NSThread currentThread]);

  }];

  [operation addExecutionBlock:^{
  NSLog(@”NSBlockOperation1——%@”,[NSThread currentThread]);
  }];

  [operation addExecutionBlock:^{
  NSLog(@”NSBlockOperation2——%@”,[NSThread currentThread]);
  }];

  [operation start];

}

@end

打印结果：

2017-03-21 11:39:36.710 TestNSOperationQueue[4085:115570] NSBlockOperation1——{number = 4, name = (null)}
2017-03-21 11:39:36.710 TestNSOperationQueue[4085:115571] NSBlockOperation——{number = 3, name = (null)}
2017-03-21 11:39:36.710 TestNSOperationQueue[4085:115529] NSBlockOperation2——{number = 1, name = main}

> 注意：只要NSBlockOperation封装的操作数 > 1,就会异步执行操作

3.**`NSOperationQueue`**
   ` NSOperationQueue`的作用：`NSOperation`可以调用`start`方法来执行，但默认是同步执行的

   >  如果将`NSOperation`添加到`NSOperationQueue`（操作队列）中，系统会自动异步执行`NSOperation`中的操作
    添加操作到`NSOperationQueue`中，自动执行操作，自动开启线程

NSInvocationOperation * operation1 = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(testOperation1) object:nil];
NSInvocationOperation * operation2 = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(testOperation2) object:nil];
NSInvocationOperation * operation3 = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(testOperation3) object:nil];

//创建NSOperationQueue
NSOperationQueue * queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc]init];

//把操作添加到队列中
//第一种方式
[queue addOperation:operation1];
[queue addOperation:operation2];
[queue addOperation:operation3];

//第二种方式
[queue addOperationWithBlock:^{
    NSLog(@"-------testOperationBlock-----");
}];

代码示例：

//
// ViewController.m
// TestNSOperationQueue
//
// Created by taobaichi on 2017/3/21.
// Copyright © 2017年 MaChao. All rights reserved.
//

import “ViewController.h”

@interface ViewController ()

@end

@implementation ViewController

• (void)viewDidLoad {
  [super viewDidLoad];

  //创建NSInvocationOperation对象，封装操作
  NSInvocationOperation * operation1 = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(testOperation1) object:nil];
  NSInvocationOperation * operation2 = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(testOperation2) object:nil];

  //创建对象，封装操作
  NSBlockOperation * operation3 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
  NSLog(@”—–NSBlockOperation–3–1—- %@”,[NSThread currentThread]);
  }];

  [operation3 addExecutionBlock:^{
  NSLog(@”—–NSBlockOperation–3–2—- %@”,[NSThread currentThread]);
  }];

  //创建NSOperationQueue
  NSOperationQueue * queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc]init];

  //把操作添加到队列中
  [queue addOperation:operation1];
  [queue addOperation:operation2];
  [queue addOperation:operation3];

}

-(void)testOperation1
{
NSLog(@”—–NSInvocationOperation–1—- %@”,[NSThread currentThread]);
}

-(void)testOperation2
{
NSLog(@”—–NSInvocationOperation–2—- %@”,[NSThread currentThread]);
}

@end

打印效果：

2017-03-21 13:36:39.594 TestNSOperationQueue[5185:159392] —–NSInvocationOperation–2—- {number = 4, name = (null)}
2017-03-21 13:36:39.594 TestNSOperationQueue[5185:159391] —–NSInvocationOperation–1—- {number = 3, name = (null)}
2017-03-21 13:36:39.594 TestNSOperationQueue[5185:159394] —–NSBlockOperation–3–1—- {number = 5, name = (null)}
2017-03-21 13:36:39.594 TestNSOperationQueue[5185:159414] —–NSBlockOperation–3–2—- {number = 6, name = (null)}

> 注意：系统自动将`NSOperationQueue中`的`NSOperation`对象取出，将其封装的操作放到一条新的线程中执行，上面的代码示例一共有四个任务，`operation1`和`operation2`分别有一个任务，`operation3`有2个任务。一共四个任务，开启了四条线程，通过任务执行的时间全部是`2017-03-21 13:36:39.594`可以看出，这些任务是`并行`执行的

>提示：队列的取出是有顺序的，与打印结果并不矛盾。这就好比，选手A,B，C虽然起跑的顺序是先A,后B，然后C，但是到达终点的顺序却不一定是A,B在前，C在后。

下面使用for循环打印，可以更明显的看出任务是并行执行的

代码示例：

//
// ViewController.m
// TestNSOperationQueue
//
// Created by taobaichi on 2017/3/21.
// Copyright © 2017年 MaChao. All rights reserved.
//

import “ViewController.h”

@interface ViewController ()

@end

@implementation ViewController

• (void)viewDidLoad {
  [super viewDidLoad];

  //创建NSInvocationOperation对象，封装操作
  NSInvocationOperation * operation1 = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(testOperation1) object:nil];
  NSInvocationOperation * operation2 = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(testOperation2) object:nil];

  //创建对象，封装操作
  NSBlockOperation * operation3 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{

  for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
  NSLog(@"-----NSBlockOperation----3--1---- %@",[NSThread currentThread]);
  }
  

  }];

  [operation3 addExecutionBlock:^{
  for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
  NSLog(@”—–NSBlockOperation—-3–2—- %@”,[NSThread currentThread]);
  }

  }];

  //创建NSOperationQueue
  NSOperationQueue * queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc]init];

  //把操作添加到队列中
  [queue addOperation:operation1];
  [queue addOperation:operation2];
  [queue addOperation:operation3];

}

-(void)testOperation1
{
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
NSLog(@”—–NSInvocationOperation–1—- %@”,[NSThread currentThread]);
}

}

-(void)testOperation2
{
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
NSLog(@”—–NSInvocationOperation–2—- %@”,[NSThread currentThread]);
}
}

@end

打印结果：

2017-03-21 13:51:44.091 TestNSOperationQueue[5519:170579] —–NSBlockOperation—-3–1—- {number = 5, name = (null)}
2017-03-21 13:51:44.091 TestNSOperationQueue[5519:170582] —–NSInvocationOperation–2—- {number = 4, name = (null)}
2017-03-21 13:51:44.090 TestNSOperationQueue[5519:170580] —–NSInvocationOperation–1—- {number = 3, name = (null)}
2017-03-21 13:51:44.091 TestNSOperationQueue[5519:170644] —–NSBlockOperation—-3–2—- {number = 6, name = (null)}
2017-03-21 13:51:44.094 TestNSOperationQueue[5519:170579] —–NSBlockOperation—-3–1—- {number = 5, name = (null)}
2017-03-21 13:51:44.096 TestNSOperationQueue[5519:170580] —–NSInvocationOperation–1—- {number = 3, name = (null)}
2017-03-21 13:51:44.096 TestNSOperationQueue[5519:170582] —–NSInvocationOperation–2—- {number = 4, name = (null)}
2017-03-21 13:51:44.099 TestNSOperationQueue[5519:170644] —–NSBlockOperation—-3–2—- {number = 6, name = (null)}
2017-03-21 13:51:44.100 TestNSOperationQueue[5519:170579] —–NSBlockOperation—-3–1—- {number = 5, name = (null)}
2017-03-21 13:51:44.101 TestNSOperationQueue[5519:170580] —–NSInvocationOperation–1—- {number = 3, name = (null)}
2017-03-21 13:51:44.103 TestNSOperationQueue[5519:170582] —–NSInvocationOperation–2—- {number = 4, name = (null)}
2017-03-21 13:51:44.103 TestNSOperationQueue[5519:170644] —–NSBlockOperation—-3–2—- {number = 6, name = (null)}
2017-03-21 13:51:44.105 TestNSOperationQueue[5519:170579] —–NSBlockOperation—-3–1—- {number = 5, name = (null)}
2017-03-21 13:51:44.105 TestNSOperationQueue[5519:170580] —–NSInvocationOperation–1—- {number = 3, name = (null)}
2017-03-21 13:51:44.106 TestNSOperationQueue[5519:170582] —–NSInvocationOperation–2—- {number = 4, name = (null)}
2017-03-21 13:51:44.108 TestNSOperationQueue[5519:170644] —–NSBlockOperation—-3–2—- {number = 6, name = (null)}
2017-03-21 13:51:44.112 TestNSOperationQueue[5519:170579] —–NSBlockOperation—-3–1—- {number = 5, name = (null)}
2017-03-21 13:51:44.113 TestNSOperationQueue[5519:170580] —–NSInvocationOperation–1—- {number = 3, name = (null)}
2017-03-21 13:51:44.117 TestNSOperationQueue[5519:170582] —–NSInvocationOperation–2—- {number = 4, name = (null)}
2017-03-21 13:51:44.119 TestNSOperationQueue[5519:170644] —–NSBlockOperation—-3–2—- {number = 6, name = (null)}

实战： 实现一个下载图片的例子

//
// ViewController.m
// TestNSOperationQueue
//
// Created by taobaichi on 2017/3/21.
// Copyright © 2017年 MaChao. All rights reserved.
//

import “ViewController.h”

define kURL @”http://avatar.csdn.net/2/C/D/1_totogo2010.jpg”

@interface ViewController ()

@property (nonatomic, strong) UIImageView * imagView;

@end

@implementation ViewController

• (void)viewDidLoad {
  [super viewDidLoad];

  self.imagView = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(self.view.frame.size.width/2 - 50, self.view.frame.size.height/2 - 50, 100, 100)];
  self.imagView.backgroundColor = [UIColor lightGrayColor];
  [self.view addSubview:self.imagView];

  //创建一个后台线程，后台线程执行downloadImage方法
  NSInvocationOperation * operation = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(downloadImage:) object:kURL];

  //创建NSOperationQueue
  NSOperationQueue * queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc]init];

  //把创建的后台线程放到NSOperationQueue中
  [queue addOperation:operation];

}

-(void)downloadImage:(NSString *)url
{
NSLog(@”url: %@”,url);
NSURL * nsUrl = [NSURL URLWithString:url];
NSData * data = [[NSData alloc]initWithContentsOfURL:nsUrl];
UIImage * image = [[UIImage alloc]initWithData:data];

//下载完成后执行主线程updateUI方法
[self performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(updateUI:) withObject:image waitUntilDone:YES];

}

-(void)updateUI:(UIImage *)image
{
self.imagView.image = image;
}

@end

“`

代码注释：
1. viewDidLoad方法里可以看到我们用NSInvocationOperation建了一个后台线程，并且放到NSOperationQueue中。后台线程执行downloadImage方法。
2. downloadImage 方法处理下载图片的逻辑。下载完成后用performSelectorOnMainThread执行主线程updateUI方法。
3. updateUI 并把下载的图片显示到图片控件中。

运行后可以看到下载图片显示在界面上