LeetCode 树专题（一） 十二道

1、minimum-depth-of-binary-tree
【题目】：Given a binary tree, find its minimum depth.The minimum depth is the number of nodes along the shortest path from the root node down to the nearest leaf node.
【解答】：

public class Solution {
    public int run(TreeNode root) {
        if (root == null) {
            return 0;
        }
        int res = 0;
        if(root.left != null && root.right != null) {
            res = Math.min(run(root.left), run(root.right)) +1;
        } else if (root.left == null && root.right != null) {
            res = run(root.right) + 1;
        } else if (root.left != null && root.right == null) {
            res = run(root.left) +1;
        } else {
            res = 1;
        }
        return res;
    }
}

2、binary-tree-postorder-traversal
【题目】：Given a binary tree, return the postorder traversal of its nodes’ values.
For example:
Given binary tree{1,#,2,3},
1
\
2
/
3

return[3,2,1].
Note: Recursive solution is trivial, could you do it iteratively?

【递归解法】：

import java.util.ArrayList;
public class Solution {
    public ArrayList<Integer> postorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
        //递归版本
        ArrayList<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
       TraversalHelper(root, res);
        return res;

    }

    public void TraversalHelper(TreeNode root, ArrayList<Integer> res) {
        if (root == null) {
            return;
        }
        TraversalHelper(root.left, res);
        TraversalHelper(root.right, res);
        res.add(root.val);

    }
}

【非递归解法】：先序遍历： 中 左 右
在先序遍历非递归解法的基础上改成 中 右 左
然后reverse逆序编程 左 右 中， 变成了后序遍历的顺序了。

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Stack;
public class Solution {
    public ArrayList<Integer> postorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {

        ArrayList<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
        if (root == null) {
            return res;
        }

        Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<>();
        stack.push(root);
        while (stack.size() != 0) {
            TreeNode node = stack.pop();
            res.add(node.val);
            if (node.left != null) {
                stack.push(node.left);
            }
            if (node.right != null) {
                stack.push(node.right);
            }
        }
        Collections.reverse(res);
        return res;


    }
}

3、binary-tree-preorder-traversal
【题目】ven a binary tree, return the preorder traversal of its nodes’ values.
For example:
Given binary tree{1,#,2,3},
1
\
2
/
3

return[1,2,3].
Note: Recursive solution is trivial, could you do it iteratively?
【解答】

/**
 * Definition for binary tree
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Stack;
public class Solution {
    public ArrayList<Integer> preorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
         ArrayList<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
        if (root == null){
            return res;
        }
        Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<>();
        stack.push(root);
        while (stack.size() != 0){
            TreeNode cur = stack.pop();
            res.add(cur.val);
            if (cur.right != null) stack.push(cur.right);
            if (cur.left != null) stack.push(cur.left);
        }
        return res;
    }

}

4、sum-root-to-leaf-numbers

【题目】Given a binary tree containing digits from0-9only, each root-to-leaf path could represent a number.
An example is the root-to-leaf path1->2->3which represents the number123.
Find the total sum of all root-to-leaf numbers.
For example,
    1
   / \
  2   3

The root-to-leaf path1->2represents the number12.
The root-to-leaf path1->3represents the number13.
Return the sum = 12 + 13 =25.

【解答】

/**
 * Definition for binary tree
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
public class Solution {
    public int sumNumbers(TreeNode root) {
        if (root == null){
            return 0;
        }
        int[] res = new int[1];
        return generateNum(root, res, 0);
    }

    public int generateNum(TreeNode root, int[] res, int num){
        num = num * 10 + root.val;
        if (root.left != null && root.right != null){
            return generateNum(root.left, res, num) + generateNum(root.right, res, num);
        }
        else if (root.left == null && root.right != null){
            return generateNum(root.right, res, num);
        }
        else if (root.left != null && root.right == null){
            return generateNum(root.left, res, num);
        }
        else {
            return res[0] + num;
        }

    }
}

【点评】就是先序遍历，遍历到根节点再遍历左右子树时传入一个值，即高位的数值

5、 binary-tree-maximum-path-sum

【题目】Given a binary tree, find the maximum path sum.
The path may start and end at any node in the tree.
For example:
Given the below binary tree,
       1
      / \
     2   3

Return6.

【解答】

/**
 * Definition for binary tree
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
public class Solution {
    public int maxPathSum(TreeNode root) {
        int left = singleTreePathSum(root.left);
        int right = singleTreePathSum(root.right);
        int res = root.val;
        if (left > 0) {
            res += left;
        }
        if (right >0) {
            res += right;
        }
        if (root.left != null) {
            int subLeft = maxPathSum(root.left);
            res = res > subLeft ? res : subLeft;
        }
        if (root.right != null) {
            int subRight = maxPathSum(root.right);
            res = res > subRight ? res : subRight;
        }
        return res;
    }

    //record[0]root节点左边最深路径长度,rocord[1]root节点右边
    public int singleTreePathSum(TreeNode root) {
        if (root == null) {
            return 0;
        }
        int res = root.val;
        int left = 0, right = 0;
        if (root.left != null) {
            left = singleTreePathSum(root.left);
        }
        if (root.right != null) {
            right = singleTreePathSum(root.right);
        }
        int max = right > left ?right:left;
        if (max >0) {
            res += max;
        }
        return res;
    }
}

6、populating-next-right-pointers-in-each-node-ii

【题目】
Follow up for problem "Populating Next Right Pointers in Each Node".
What if the given tree could be any binary tree? Would your previous solution still work?
Note:
You may only use constant extra space.

For example,
Given the following binary tree,
         1
       /  \
      2    3
     / \    \
    4   5    7

After calling your function, the tree should look like:
         1 -> NULL
       /  \
      2 -> 3 -> NULL
     / \    \
    4-> 5 -> 7 -> NULL

【解答】

import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Queue;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2018/3/21 0021.
 */
class TreeLinkNode {
    int val;
    TreeLinkNode left, right, next;
    TreeLinkNode(int x) {
        val = x;
    }
}
public class Solution {
    public void connect(TreeLinkNode root) {
        if (root == null) {
            return;
        }
        Queue<TreeLinkNode> queue = new LinkedList<>();
        queue.add(root);
        TreeLinkNode lastNode = root;
        TreeLinkNode levelLastNode = root;
        while (queue.size() != 0) {
            TreeLinkNode node = queue.poll();
            if (node.left != null) {
                queue.add(node.left);
                lastNode = node.left;
            }
            if (node.right != null) {
                queue.add(node.right);
                lastNode = node.right;
            }
            if (node == levelLastNode) {
                node.next = null;
                levelLastNode = lastNode;
            } else {
                TreeLinkNode nextNode = queue.peek();
                node.next = nextNode;
            }
        }
    }
}

【点评】有点像层序遍历，用了队列，但是每到一层结尾都要设置个levelLastNode节点提醒

7、第七题是第六题的一般情况
代码完全一样的。

8、path-sum-ii

Given a binary tree and a sum, find all root-to-leaf paths where each path's sum equals the given sum.
For example:
Given the below binary tree andsum = 22,
              5
             / \
            4   8
           /   / \
          11  13  4
         /  \    / \
        7    2  5   1
return
[
   [5,4,11,2],
   [5,8,4,5]
]

import java.util.ArrayList;
public class Solution {
    public ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> pathSum(TreeNode root, int sum) {
        ArrayList<Integer> tmp = new ArrayList<>();
        ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<>();
        if(root == null) {
            return res;
        }
        print(root, tmp, sum , res);
        return res;

    }
    public static void print(TreeNode root, ArrayList<Integer> tmp, int num , ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> res) {
        tmp.add(root.val);
        if (root.left == null && root.right == null && num - root.val == 0) {
            res.add(new ArrayList<>(tmp)); //这里很关键，要将tmp复制一份，如果直接将tmp add入res，在后面退栈是tmp.remove()时候会直接在res中删除tmp最后一个值
        }
        if (root.left != null) {
            print(root.left, tmp, num - root.val, res);
        }
        if (root.right != null) {
            print(root.right, tmp, num - root.val, res);
        }
        tmp.remove(tmp.size() -1);
    }

}

【点评】要将tmp复制一份，如果直接将tmp add入res，在后面退栈是tmp.remove()时候会直接在res中删除tmp最后一个值。不然root.val = 1, sum =1 的时候输出[[]]，正确输出应该是[[1]]

9、path_sum

【题目】Given a binary tree and a sum, determine if the tree has a root-to-leaf path such that adding up all the values along the path equals the given sum.
For example:
Given the below binary tree andsum = 22,
              5
             / \
            4   8
           /   / \
          11  13  4
         /  \      \
        7    2      1
return true, as there exist a root-to-leaf path5->4->11->2which sum is 22.

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

    }
    public boolean hasPathSum(TreeNode root, int sum) {
        if (root == null) {
            return false;
        }
        if (root.left == null && root.right == null && root.val == sum) {
            return true;
        }
        if (hasPathSum(root.left, sum - root.val)) {
            return true;
        }
        if (hasPathSum(root.right , sum - root.val)) {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
}

class TreeNode{
    int val;
    TreeNode left;
    TreeNode right;
    public TreeNode(int x) {
        val = x;
    }

}

10、balanced-binary-tree
【题目】Given a binary tree, determine if it is height-balanced.
For this problem, a height-balanced binary tree is defined as a binary tree in which the depth of the two subtrees of every node never differ by more than 1.
【点评】考虑用后序遍历，先返回左子树和右子树是不是二叉平衡树，是的话返回左子树和右子树的最大高度，比较，确定根节点是不是平衡二叉树。递归调用。
【注意】 return (lnum > rnum ? lnum : rnum) + 1;此处返回的是左子树和左子树深度的较大值再加一。第一次写的时候忘记加1了。

public class Solution {
    public boolean flag = true;
    public boolean isBalanced(TreeNode root) {
        helper(root);
        if (flag) {
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    public int helper(TreeNode root) {
        if (root == null) {
            return 0;
        }
        int lnum = 0, rnum = 0;
        if (flag) {
            lnum = helper(root.left);
        } 
        if (flag) {
            rnum = helper(root.right);
        }
        if (Math.abs(lnum - rnum) <= 1) {
            return (lnum > rnum ? lnum : rnum) + 1;
        } else {
            flag = false;
            return 0;
        }
    }
}

11、binary-tree-level-order-traversal-ii

题目描述
Given a binary tree, return the bottom-up level order traversal of its nodes' values. (ie, from left to right, level by level from leaf to root).
For example:
Given binary tree{3,9,20,#,#,15,7},
    3
   / \
  9  20
    /  \
   15   7

return its bottom-up level order traversal as:
[
  [15,7]
  [9,20],
  [3],
]

confused what"{1,#,2,3}"means? > read more on how binary tree is serialized on OJ.

OJ's Binary Tree Serialization:
The serialization of a binary tree follows a level order traversal, where '#' signifies a path terminator where no node exists below.
Here's an example:
   1
  / \
 2   3
    /
   4
    \
     5
The above binary tree is serialized as"{1,2,3,#,#,4,#,#,5}".

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Queue;
public class Solution {
    public ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> levelOrderBottom(TreeNode root) {
        ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<>();
        if (root == null) {
            return res;
        }
        Queue<TreeNode> queue = new LinkedList<>();
        queue.add(root);
        ArrayList<Integer> tmp = new ArrayList<>();
        TreeNode lastNode = null, levelLastNode = root;
        while (queue.size() != 0) { //注意while别误写成if
            TreeNode node = queue.poll();
            tmp.add(node.val);
            if (node.left != null) {
                lastNode = node.left;
                queue.add(node.left);
            }
            if (node.right != null) {
                lastNode = node.right;
                queue.add(node.right);
            }
            if (node == levelLastNode) {
                levelLastNode = lastNode;
                res.add(new ArrayList<>(tmp)); //注意此处 还是要新创建一个tmp数组，不然后面tmp清零了，res数组里的tmp也清零的
                tmp.clear();
            }
        }
        Collections.reverse(res);
        return res;
    }
}

【点评】注意此处 还是要新创建一个tmp数组，不然后面tmp清零了，res数组里的tmp也清零的

12、construct-binary-tree-from-inorder-and-postorder-traversal
【题目】：
Given inorder and postorder traversal of a tree, construct the binary tree.
Note:
You may assume that duplicates do not exist in the tree.

【解答】：

import java.util.HashMap;
public class Solution {
    public TreeNode buildTree(int[] inorder, int[] postorder) {
        HashMap<Integer, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < inorder.length; i++) {
            map.put(inorder[i], i);
        }
        return inPostCons(inorder, postorder, map, 0, inorder.length-1, 0, postorder.length-1);
    }

    TreeNode inPostCons(int[] inorder, int[] postorder, HashMap<Integer, Integer> map, int inStart, int inEnd, int pStart, int pEnd) {
        if (pStart > pEnd) {
            return null;
        }
        TreeNode node = new TreeNode(postorder[pEnd]);
        int tmp = map.get(postorder[pEnd]);
        node.left = inPostCons(inorder, postorder, map, inStart, tmp-1, pStart, pStart +tmp -inStart -1);
        node.right = inPostCons(inorder, postorder, map, tmp +1, inEnd, pStart + tmp -inStart, pEnd-1);
        return node;
    }
}