Android IntentService-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_31877171/article/details/102462329

之前面试曾有过这么一道笔试题：
是否知道IntentService，在什么场景下使用IntentService？

那就再总结下IntentService

IntentService父类是Service，作用就是用来处理异步请求，最大特点是其回调函数onHandleIntent中可以直接进行耗时操作，不必再开线程，原理是IntentService的成员变量 Handler在初始化时已属于工作线程，之后handleMessage，包括onHandleIntent等函数都运行在工作线程中。
在 IntentService 内有一个工作线程来处理耗时操作，当任务执行完后，IntentService 会自动停止，而不需要我们去手动控制。
另外如果有多个耗时任务要执行，可以多次启动 IntentService ，而每一个耗时操作会以工作队列的方式在IntentService 的 onHandleIntent 回调方法中执行，并且，每次只会执行一个工作线程，执行完第一个再执行第二个，（原理是其内置的Handler关联了任务队列，Handler通过looper取任务执行是顺序执行的）。
而且，所有请求都在一个单线程中，不会阻塞应用程序的主线程（UI Thread），同一时间只处理一个请求。
用 IntentService 有什么好处呢？

省去了在 Service 中手动开线程的麻烦
当操作完成时，不用手动停止 Service
解决多个耗时任务需要顺序依次执行的问题。而如果仅用service，开多个线程去执行耗时操作，就很难管理。

IntentService源码

package android.app;

import android.annotation.WorkerThread;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.HandlerThread;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.os.Message;

/**
 * IntentService is a base class for {@link Service}s that handle asynchronous
 * requests (expressed as {@link Intent}s) on demand.  Clients send requests
 * through {@link android.content.Context#startService(Intent)} calls; the
 * service is started as needed, handles each Intent in turn using a worker
 * thread, and stops itself when it runs out of work.
 *
 * <p>This "work queue processor" pattern is commonly used to offload tasks
 * from an application's main thread.  The IntentService class exists to
 * simplify this pattern and take care of the mechanics.  To use it, extend
 * IntentService and implement {@link #onHandleIntent(Intent)}.  IntentService
 * will receive the Intents, launch a worker thread, and stop the service as
 * appropriate.
 *
 * <p>All requests are handled on a single worker thread -- they may take as
 * long as necessary (and will not block the application's main loop), but
 * only one request will be processed at a time.
 *
 * <div class="special reference">
 * <h3>Developer Guides</h3>
 * <p>For a detailed discussion about how to create services, read the
 * <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/fundamentals/services.html">Services</a> developer guide.</p>
 * </div>
 *
 * @see android.os.AsyncTask
 */
public abstract class IntentService extends Service {
    private volatile Looper mServiceLooper;
    private volatile ServiceHandler mServiceHandler;
    private String mName;
    private boolean mRedelivery;

    private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler {
        public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) {
            super(looper);
        }

        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj);
            stopSelf(msg.arg1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Creates an IntentService.  Invoked by your subclass's constructor.
     *
     * @param name Used to name the worker thread, important only for debugging.
     */
    public IntentService(String name) {
        super();
        mName = name;
    }

    /**
     * Sets intent redelivery preferences.  Usually called from the constructor
     * with your preferred semantics.
     *
     * <p>If enabled is true,
     * {@link #onStartCommand(Intent, int, int)} will return
     * {@link Service#START_REDELIVER_INTENT}, so if this process dies before
     * {@link #onHandleIntent(Intent)} returns, the process will be restarted
     * and the intent redelivered.  If multiple Intents have been sent, only
     * the most recent one is guaranteed to be redelivered.
     *
     * <p>If enabled is false (the default),
     * {@link #onStartCommand(Intent, int, int)} will return
     * {@link Service#START_NOT_STICKY}, and if the process dies, the Intent
     * dies along with it.
     */
    public void setIntentRedelivery(boolean enabled) {
        mRedelivery = enabled;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        // TODO: It would be nice to have an option to hold a partial wakelock
        // during processing, and to have a static startService(Context, Intent)
        // method that would launch the service & hand off a wakelock.

        super.onCreate();
        HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]");
        thread.start();

        mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();
        mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);
    }

    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
        Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
        msg.arg1 = startId;
        msg.obj = intent;
        mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);
    }

    /**
     * You should not override this method for your IntentService. Instead,
     * override {@link #onHandleIntent}, which the system calls when the IntentService
     * receives a start request.
     * @see android.app.Service#onStartCommand
     */
    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        onStart(intent, startId);
        return mRedelivery ? START_REDELIVER_INTENT : START_NOT_STICKY;
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        mServiceLooper.quit();
    }

    /**
     * Unless you provide binding for your service, you don't need to implement this
     * method, because the default implementation returns null. 
     * @see android.app.Service#onBind
     */
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * This method is invoked on the worker thread with a request to process.
     * Only one Intent is processed at a time, but the processing happens on a
     * worker thread that runs independently from other application logic.
     * So, if this code takes a long time, it will hold up other requests to
     * the same IntentService, but it will not hold up anything else.
     * When all requests have been handled, the IntentService stops itself,
     * so you should not call {@link #stopSelf}.
     *
     * @param intent The value passed to {@link
     *               android.content.Context#startService(Intent)}.
     */
    @WorkerThread
    protected abstract void onHandleIntent(Intent intent);
}

IntentService 启动
Service有startService()和bindService()两种启动方式，IntentService 源码中的 onBind() 默认返回 null；不适合 bindService() 启动服务。因此，并不建议通过 bindService() 启动 IntentService，而是通过startService()来启动IntentService。

 	/**
     * Unless you provide binding for your service, you don't need to implement this
     * method, because the default implementation returns null. 
     * @see android.app.Service#onBind
     */
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return null;
    }

多次启动 IntentService 会顺序执行事件，停止服务后，后续的事件得不到执行

@Override
public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
    Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
    msg.arg1 = startId;
    msg.obj = intent;
    mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);
}

@Override
public void onDestroy() {
    mServiceLooper.quit();
}

IntentService 中使用的 Handler、Looper、MessageQueue 机制把消息发送到线程中去执行的，所以多次启动 IntentService 不会重新创建新的服务和新的线程，而是把消息加入消息队列中等待执行，而如果服务停止，会清除消息队列中的消息，后续的事件便不会执行。
IntentService 使用方法：